Blood | 二代CAR-T细胞治疗复发难治的儿童急淋白血病
撰文 | 沈伟 责编 | 周叶斌
对T细胞进行工程化改造,使其表达靶向CD19抗原的二代嵌合抗原受体(CAR),在复发/难治性(r/r)急性前体B细胞淋巴细胞白血病(BCP-ALL)治疗领域,是一次前所未有的改革。
但是由于该疗法需从患者体内获取T细胞,也存在局限性。比如,不太可能从严重淋巴细胞减少的患者或疾病快速进展从而迫切需要治疗的患者中制造出药品;输注后CAR-T细胞较少存在,进而易导致CD19阳性复发。对异体造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后复发的患者,异体(ALLO)供者来源的CAR-T细胞可以提供较多数量的、迅速可用的、且从未暴露于化疗和类固醇激素的健康T细胞,从而能潜在克服这些障碍。而且,异体供者不存在被白血病原始细胞污染的风险。不过,使用ALLO-CAR-T细胞的主要局限在于移植物抗宿主病(GvHD)的发生风险增加,这是一种由供体T细胞的同种异体反应成分导致的潜在致命的并发症。
近日,意大利罗马耶稣圣婴(Bambino Gesù)儿童医院血液学/肿瘤学部门从事细胞和基因疗法研究的 Franco Locatelli 教授研究团队在 Blood 发表题为 Allogeneic, donor-derived, second-generation, CD19-CAR-T cell for the treatment of pediatric relapsed/refractory BCP-ALL 的文章。2021年3月至2022年10月,作者在“医院豁免”背景下对13例儿童/青壮年BCP-ALL患者(中位15岁,4~33岁之间)进行二代CD19-ALLO-CAR-T细胞治疗,剂量介于1×10^6至3×10^6CAR-T细胞/kg。毒性反应评估基于血细胞减少、细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)(最大1级)、美国移植和细胞疗法协会对免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征的分级共识(ICANS)(2级)。治疗后,仅1例发生了GvHD,并迅速用类固醇和鲁索替尼控制住。2例患者于HSCT前接受治疗,显示出CAR-T细胞显著扩增,无任何GvHD征象。所有患者都获得完全缓解,骨髓中微小残留病灶(MRD)阴性。随访12个月(5至21个月)后,8/13名患者维持完全缓解。因此,对于异体HSCT后的r/r-BCP-ALL患者,抗CD19-ALLO-CAR-T细胞可以给予有效治疗,且与自体CAR-T细胞治疗相比,毒性并未增加,GvHD的发生也未增加。
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排版 | 车洁 校对 | uu
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基于CRISPR技术的通用型儿童白血病CAR-T早期临床试验结果公布
*本文由深圳市拾玉儿童公益基金会“儿童肿瘤前沿”团队编译或约稿,文中图表均源引自文献原文。本文著作权归文章作者所有,欢迎个人转发分享,未经允许禁止转载,作者拥有所有法定权利,违者必究。如需转载,请留言或联系[email protected]。本文旨在分享儿童肿瘤科研前沿成果,不是治疗方案推荐。如需获得疾病治疗方案指导,请前往正规医院就诊。
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原文摘要(Abstract)
Autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have shown unprecedented efficacy in children with relapsed/refractory B-cell-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, patients either relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), or displaying profound lymphopenia and/or with rapidly progressing disease often cannot access autologous products. These hurdles may be overcome by allogeneic, donor-derived CAR-T cells. We tested donor-derived T-cells transduced with a 2nd-generation (4.1BB) CD19-CAR for treatment of patients with BCP-ALL, in a hospital exemption setting. Two constructs were tested: a retroviral construct incorporating the suicide gene inducible caspase-9 (CD19-CAR-Retro_ALLO) first and then a lentiviral construct and an automated, Prodigy®-based, manufacturing process (CD19-CAR-Lenti_ALLO). Thirteen children/young adults received ALLO-CAR T-cells between 03/2021 and 10/2022. Doses ranged between 1,0×106 and 3,0×106 CAR T-cells/kg. The toxicity profile was comparable to that of autologous CAR-T cells, characterized mainly by cytopenia, CRS (maximum grade 1) and grade 2 ICANS. One case of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) occurred and was rapidly controlled by steroids and ruxolitinib. None of the other patients, including 3 infused with ALLO-CAR T cells from an HLA-haplo-identical donor, experienced GvHD. Two patients received ALLO-CAR T-cells before HSCT and showed a significant expansion of CAR T cells, without any sign of GvHD. All patients obtained complete remission (CR) with negativity of minimal residual disease in the BM; with a median follow-up of 12 months (range 5-21), 8/13 patients maintain CR. Allogeneic anti-CD19 CAR-T cells can effectively treat highly-refractory BCP-ALL relapsing after alloHSCT, without showing increased toxicity as compared to autologous CAR T cells.
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020023