Scientific Reports即将截止的特刊征稿九月辑 | 寻找更匹配您的投稿方向

客座编辑：Sing Swee Leong & Thomas Scheibel

Biofabrication is the cutting-edge process of additively manufacturing complex living tissues and scaffolds, representing a game-changing progression for the field of regenerative medicine. Complementary to traditional tissue engineering, biofabrication offers exceptional precision and control over the spatial distribution of cells and materials. With rapid advancements in biofabrication, innovative bioprinting and bioassembly techniques have emerged, converging with classic manufacturing processes to construct an extensive suite of hybrid fabrication methods. However, the role of physics in biofabrication is often overlooked. To further propel research in this field, it is imperative that the fundamental biophysical and rheological prerequisites are characterised and accounted for during the development of novel bioink formulations and biofabrication lines. This themed Collection addresses the above-described issue by inviting original research that describes the latest advances in understanding the biophysical parameters that dictate the bioink rheology and cross-linking. We also welcome studies that exploit this fundamental understanding to enable the production of complex tissues as well as the modulation of cell function and cell-material interactions.

客座编辑：Nagendra Kumar Kaushik, William M. Oldham & Jacob Raber

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small, often unstable molecules formed by mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, transmembrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and other reduction-oxidation enzymes. These molecules include both non-radical ROS like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and free radicals like superoxide (O2•-), nitric oxide (NO•), and the hydroxyl radical (OH•). Excess ROS can lead to oxidative stress, damaging DNA, protein, lipids, and other biomolecules. However, at physiological levels, ROS are crucial for modulating a range of key cellular processes, including transcription regulation, protein folding, and intraorganellar signalling. Redox signalling also underlies responses to various stressors, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, and energy stress. Critical for maintaining proper functioning of the immune, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, redox signalling has also been implicated in ageing and in the development of cancer and other diseases.

This Collection invites original articles that elucidate the mechanisms governing physiological and pathological redox signalling, and that present the development and application of therapies to regulate it.

客座编辑：Sooyeon Hwang, Xiu-Liang Ma,  Susheng Tan & Hongzhou Zhang

Nanostructures have recently widely attracted research attention due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties which are essential in a variety of applications including energy conversion and storage, electronic and optoelectronic applications. To develop, characterise, and use such structures, it is necessary to image and probe their forms; standard optical imaging techniques are not suitable to probe such structures, due to the diffraction of light with wavelengths larger than the structures themselves. For this reason, the research community have worked in developing a range of imaging and probing techniques that allow to see far beyond the optical capabilities: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), etc. use electron beams to probe samples allowing the much smaller electron wavelength to define the resolution limit; whilst atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), etc. use probes dragged across the surface (like a needle on a record) to measure extremely small changes in structure.

This Collection invites submissions reporting the latest advances in imaging techniques for nanostructures and their uses in modern applications, with particular focus on physical disciplines.

客座编辑：Ian Colbeck, Andrew J. Hoisington, Byung Uk Lee & Fumito Maruyama

Most people spend the vast majority of their time indoors. The built environment – including homes, workplaces, stores, schools, and vehicles – is also home to a wide range of microorganisms, introduced by humans, plumbing and ventilation systems, building materials, pets and other animals, and houseplants. These bacteria, fungi, and other microbes can have a significant impact on human health, leading to infection, allergies, and acute or chronic autoimmune diseases. A new field of research seeks to understand how the indoor microbiome can be shaped to promote human health, such through building design that fosters beneficial microbial communities.

This Collection welcomes articles exploring the microbiome of the built environment, including the factors affecting its makeup and emerging technologies to monitor and manipulate it.

客座编辑：Ayman El-Baz, Jose M. Molina, Lianyong Qi & Michael A. Riegler

AI alignment problem is difficult both to approach and to solve, for several reasons; one of the main challenges is the complexity of human values and preferences. In the end, at the centre of the field lay human values, which not only constitute inherently diverse and complex sets of societal characteristics, but also vary over time, making their defining and formalisation a highly demanding encoding task.

This Collection is dedicated to the latest developments in the heterogenous field of AI alignment. As the field relies on a range of technologies and tools for its growth, from cyber-physical systems, to privacy, to ubiquitous computing, we welcome previously unpublished research in computer science, machine learning, and engineering, which carries the potential to address some of the many challenges this exciting field is presently dealing with.

客座编辑：Panagiotis Balermpas, Jayprokas Chakrabarti, Natalia Issaeva, Ángeles Juarranz & Katsuhiro Uzawa

Head and neck cancers are a group of anatomically-local but phenotypically-diverse cancers, often associated with viral or environmental risk factors. Many of these cancers are relatively rare and, as such, are historically underrepresented in emerging therapeutic research. However, although these cancers are rare, they collectively constitute a significant proportion of new cancer diagnoses. Development of new strategies to treat head and neck cancers is, therefore, critical to the implementation of personalized medicine and the future of oncology. This Collection welcomes clinical, preclinical and epidemiological studies that contribute to the overall knowledge base around rare cancers of the head and neck including diagnosis, characterisation and treatment.

客座编辑：Yong-Hoon Cho, Han Htoon & Sakthi Kumar

TA quantum dot is a system of electrons artificially confined in 3 dimensions. These artificial atoms show similar behaviour to that of naturally occurring quantum systems - i.e. they have discrete charge and electronics states. Nowadays, advanced nanofabrication techniques can precisely control quantum dot characteristics, making these systems of great interest for the implementation of next generation of photovoltaic devices, light emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Quantum dots can also be implemented in biological and chemical applications such as photocatalysis.

This Collection aims to gather original research on quantum dots, covering not only their fabrication and characterisation, but also their exploitation in timely applications in the natural sciences.

客座编辑：Bhavik Anil Patel & Siu-Tung Yau

Electrochemistry principles coined by Nernst underpins the evolution of a broad spectrum of modern power systems and electronic devices, from renewable energy systems (e.g., batteries) to sensing devices for environmental monitoring (e.g., pollutants detection) and biomedical measurement (e.g., blood electrolyte test). The need and challenges to develop the next-generation devices in these fields are far more complicated than those of Nernst's age, which requires an extended knowledge framework to enable in-depth comprehension of charge transfer, the detection under ultra-low concentrations, and high-precision snapshot of biological processes. In light of this, we bring together a collection of papers that explore the basics of energy, sensing, and biomedical devices via leading-edge electrochemical approaches. In particular, this collection will feature innovative electrochemical strategies (e.g., electrode and waveform designs) in probing the charge carrier motion, the molecular electronic junctions, and the signal transduction pathways for sensing biological specimens.

客座编辑：Tim De Coster, Elena G. Tolkacheva & Jichao Zhao

Cardiac arrhythmia refers to a variation in the normal rate and/or rhythm of the heart. Though some forms of arrhythmia may only cause minor symptoms, others can be life-threatening. Atrial fibrillation, one of the most common forms of arrhythmia, is known to greatly increase the risk of stroke, while ventricular arrythmias are associated with sudden cardiac death. Greater understanding of arrhythmias, including their pathophysiology, is necessary both for arrhythmia prevention and to improve early recognition and treatment of symptoms in order to maximize treatment efficacy and to reduce mortality.

This Collection welcomes studies that provide new insights into the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cardiac arrhythmias, develop models and technologies for diagnosis, further understanding and investigation, or explore clinical management of the condition.

Scientific Reports 《科学报告》

An open access journal publishing original research from across all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering.

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