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客座编辑：Boyan Bonev, Xue Pan & Roger Schneiter

Lipid rafts are highly ordered microdomains of membranes enriched with particular proteins and lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. This compartmentalization and enrichment allows interactions that would otherwise be less likely or energetically unfavourable. Lipid rafts have been implicated in a variety of signalling pathways, including EGF and immune cell signalling, and are also connected to membrane trafficking and neurotransmission. This Collection welcomes biochemical, biophysical and cell biology research focussing on the isolation and characterisation of lipid rafts, as well as studies assessing their functional role in cell signalling, membrane trafficking and other cellular pathways.

客座编辑：Martin Donnelley, Carlos M. Farinha & Harvey B. Pollard

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. It is caused by mutations in a specific ion transporter gene, which leads to a buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. This can cause recurrent infections, chronic lung disease, digestive problems, and infertility. There is currently no cure for CF, but treatment options include airway clearance techniques, antibiotics, and new modulator therapies, which target the underlying cause of the disease. With advances in treatment, it is possible for people with CF to live well into adulthood.

This Collections seeks to combine submissions that present new treatment options for cystic fibrosis with articles advancing our knowledge about its causes and risk factors.

客座编辑：Brandon L. Findlay, Simone Marini, Richard Van Vleck Pereira & Guang-Guo Ying

Although the development of modern antibiotics has saved millions of lives, many antibiotics are now less effective as microbes develop resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health globally as millions of deaths annually can be attributed to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, with this number set to rise. The causes of this antibiotic resistance vary, and include overuse in antibiotics in agriculture, misuse of antibiotics in medicine, and even the consumption of a more processed diet. Additionally, in some settings it can be difficult to determine which antibiotic a patient might respond to, increasing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and prescription of incorrect antibiotics, which can also contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance and how best to combat it is vital to addressing this global health issue. This need is captured in the One Health approach, which looks at antibiotic resistance as it affects humans, animals, and the environment.

客座编辑：BreAnne A. DanzI, Lisa M. James & Alessandro Musetti

Experiencing grief after the loss of a loved one or trauma after a distressing event, such as physical or sexual assault, a serious accident or natural disaster, can cause emotional, behavioural, and physical reactions, affecting individuals’ mental health and social relationships. This can also lead to the development of several clinical conditions such as depression, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and addictions among others. Building resilience, developing coping strategies, and seeking professional support, when necessary, are key to recovery. This Collection welcomes original research articles from Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, investigating grief and trauma and their consequences following distressing events.

客座编辑：The major histocompatibility complex

The Major Histocompatibility Complex is a genetic region characterized by a high density of genes, many of them involved in the immune response. Of considerable importance are the HLA class I and class II genes (MHC class I and II in other species) that function in antigen presentation to T cell receptors, in addition to those MHC class III genes with a broad range of functions. The Major Histocompatibility Complex is characterized by regions of high levels of polymorphism, including many medically relevant variations that have been demonstrated to relay functional differences. Accordingly, genetic studies regularly highlight variations within the major histocompatibility complex as significant factors associated with a plethora of diseases and phenotypes. 

客座编辑：Daniela Cecconi, Rihab Nasr & Daisuke Shiokawa

One of the original hallmarks of cancer was limitless replicative potential, or immortality, a feature common to stem cells. It has since become clear that within cancer cells there is a specific set of cells that act as cancer stem cells and may drive tumor growth and progression, be more resistant to conventional therapies, and even be tumor-initiating cells. Therefore, understanding the biology of cancer stem cells is of vital importance to understanding the biology of cancer itself. Despite their importance, there are many questions surrounding cancer stem cells, including about their derivation and their prevalence within a tumour.

客座编辑：Avishek Choudhury, Sudipto Mukherjee & Ikenna Okereke

Racial disparity in cancer outcomes refers to the preventable difference in the results of cancer treatment attributable to a patient’s race or ethnicity. This inconsistency of outcome is multifactorial, and can be attributed to biological and socioeconomic factors, as well as inequity of treatment accessibility. Furthermore, while personalised medicine remains in its infancy, many existing cancer screening and treatment strategies have been optimised in patient cohorts made up largely of white individuals of European ancestry and the use of these regimens outside of this ethnic background may require adjustment.

客座编辑：Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Sima Fakheran &  Larry J. Gorenflo

Research has shown that the planet is facing species loss and ecosystem degradation at unprecedent rates. To halt this biodiversity crisis, we have seen the development of global biodiversity targets, creation and expansion of protected areas, successful translocation and breeding programs, and many more conservation actions. Yet, such efforts can only be truly effective if they incorporate human dimensions as well. A focus on understanding people’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding wildlife conservation is vital for informed decision making and driving change. Integrating this information will help to provide a consideration of the socioeconomic contexts of specific conservation issues and open constructive dialogue between stakeholders at all levels, from local farmers or foragers to governments and NGOs.

客座编辑：Aamir Ahmad, Pierre-Francois Cartron & Adegboyega K. Oyelere

Epigenetic changes, modifications of DNA, DNA-binding proteins, and histones, are implicated in the development and progression of several common diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These changes, such as DNA methylation, result in alterations in gene expression patterns, leading to the dysregulation of key cellular processes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in these diseases is crucial for the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

This Collection explores the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic changes in common diseases and their implications for disease prevention and treatment.

Scientific Reports 《科学报告》

An open access journal publishing original research from across all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering.

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