当气候逐渐变暖,不仅人热得受不了,鸟类也开始“掉色”
1933年,写出《动物庄园》和《一九八四》的作家乔治·奥威尔在伦敦散步的时候,突然一只蓝色小鸟映入他的眼帘。它鲜艳的羽毛,在阳光照耀下更显灵动和活力。此情此景,让奥威尔留下了一首名为《如夏》(Summer-like)的诗:
Summer-like for an instant the autumn sun bursts out,
秋日的阳光突如夏天般瞬间爆发;
And the light through the turning elms is green and clear;
透过榆树叶的阻挡,光线青翠明亮;
It slants down the path and ragged marigolds glow
它洒在小路上,让金黄的万寿菊耀眼;
Fiery again, last flames of the dying year.
再次燃烧,去年那垂死般的火焰。
A blue-tit darts with a flash of wings, to feed
一只蓝山雀振翅飞舞,去寻觅食物;
Where the coconut hangs on the pear tree over the well;
井边的梨树上硕果累累;
He digs at the meat like a tiny pickaxe tapping
它如一把小锄子开始啄食着果肉;
With his needle-sharp beak as he clings to the swinging shell.
它如一根针用尖锐的喙紧紧抓住摇摆的壳。
Then he runs up the trunk, sure-footed and sleek like a mouse,
然后它沿着树干,如老鼠般轻巧;
And perches to sun himself; all his body and brain
大脑和身体享受着秋日的美好;
Exult in the sudden sunlight, gladly believing
它在阳光中欢欣,乐观地相信;
That the cold is over and summer is here again.
寒冷已过,夏天又来了。
But I see the umber clouds that drive for the sun,
但我看到那些为太阳而奔跑的乌云;
And a sorrow no argument ever can make away
悲伤在看不见的角落滋长;
Goes through my heart as I think of the nearing winter,
当我想到临近的冬天,它穿透我的心脏;
And the transient light that gleams like the ghost of May;
短暂的光芒闪耀着五月的幽灵般的光芒;
And the bird unaware, blessing the summer eternal,
鸟儿毫无察觉,祝福永恒的夏天;
Joyfully labouring, proud in his strength, gay-plumed,
欢乐地劳作,骄傲地展示他的力量,羽毛光艳;
Unaware of the hawk and the snow and the frost-bound nights,
不知道鹰和雪以及冻结的夜晚将至;
And of his death foredoomed.
他的死亡和悲剧早已经注定。
鸟类多变的颜色,成为了我们这个丰富多彩世界的一部分(图片来源:allaboutbirds.org)
色素羽毛的微观结构。在这种情况下,除了红色波长外,其他波长都会被色素颗粒吸收。(图片来源:allaboutbirds.org)
一位摄影师家拍摄到的蓝山雀在阳光下呈现出漂亮的“彩虹色”(图片来源:quora.com)
羽毛的颜色是由羽毛中角蛋白的有序结构对光线改变而形成。当蓝色光被折射,其余颜色被一层黑色素吸收时,鸟的羽毛就呈现出蓝色(图片来源:allaboutbirds.org)
随着全球气温的升高,很多地区的极端天气越来越频繁了(图片来源:un.org)
蓝山雀喜欢栖息在树枝上(图片来源:countrylife.co)
参考资料:
[1] López-Idiáquez D, Teplitsky C, Grégoire A, et al. Long-term decrease in coloration: a consequence of climate change?[J]. The American Naturalist, 2022, 200(1): 32-47.
[2] country life.Blue tits: Beautiful birds, wonderful singers… and absolutely no morals.https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/blue-tits-beautiful-birds-wonderful-singers-but-absolutely-no-morals-256346
[3] ITVX.Change in blue tits' feather colours due to climate change, suggests new research.https://www.itv.com/news/2022-08-04/change-in-blue-tits-feather-colours-due-to-climate-change-suggests-new-study
[4] Earth.com.Bird coloration is fading due to climate change.https://www.earth.com/news/bird-coloration-is-fading-due-to-climate-change/
[5] Blue tits becoming less colourful due to global warming, finds study.https://metro.co.uk/2022/08/04/blue-tits-becoming-less-colourful-due-to-global-warming-finds-study-17126894/
[6] George Orwell. https://orwell.ru/library/poems/summer/english/e_summer
[7] 联合国新闻.世界气象组织:气候在持续变化.https://news.un.org/zh/story/2023/04/1117267
[8] 新华网.你了解这些关于鸟类羽毛的知识吗?http://m.xinhuanet.com/gd/2019-10/12/c_1125095384.htm
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