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Antibiotic resistance

客座编辑:Brandon L. Findlay, Simone Marini, Richard Van Vleck Pereira & Guang-Guo Ying

Although the development of modern antibiotics has saved millions of lives, many antibiotics are now less effective as microbes develop resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health globally as millions of deaths annually can be attributed to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, with this number set to rise. The causes of this antibiotic resistance vary, and include overuse in antibiotics in agriculture, misuse of antibiotics in medicine, and even the consumption of a more processed diet. Additionally, in some settings it can be difficult to determine which antibiotic a patient might respond to, increasing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and prescription of incorrect antibiotics, which can also contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance and how best to combat it is vital to addressing this global health issue. This need is captured in the One Health approach, which looks at antibiotic resistance as it affects humans, animals, and the environment.

This Collection aims at exploring the current state of antibiotic resistance and welcomes original research examining the causes of antibiotic resistance and research aimed at preventing and overcoming antibiotic resistance.

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Grief and trauma

客座编辑:BreAnne A. DanzI, Lisa M. James & Alessandro Musetti

Experiencing grief after the loss of a loved one or trauma after a distressing event, such as physical or sexual assault, a serious accident or natural disaster, can cause emotional, behavioural, and physical reactions, affecting individuals’ mental health and social relationships. This can also lead to the development of several clinical conditions such as depression, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and addictions among others. Building resilience, developing coping strategies, and seeking professional support, when necessary, are key to recovery. 

This Collection welcomes original research articles from Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, investigating grief and trauma and their consequences following distressing events.

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Fibre sensors

客座编辑:Yi Bao, Lingze Duan, Sylvain Girard, Yi Liu, Fabio Mangini & Hao Zhang

Nowadays fibre optic sensors are paramount in a variety of applications in modern society, and for this reason they have attracted the attention of academic as well as industry researchers. Fibre optic sensors can be used to measure physical properties e.g. temperature, stress, etc. (physical sensors), chemical properties e.g. pH (chemical sensors), or biological properties e.g. glucose content (bio-medical sensors). Fibre sensors can also be divided in two types, based on the location of the sensing element: if the fibre is used to deliver light to and from an external sensing element, we refer to it as an extrinsic fibre sensor; whilst if the sensing element is the fibre itself, we refer to it as an intrinsic fibre sensor. In intrinsic fibre sensors, the physical properties of the fibre itself change due to external perturbations, such changes result in variations (e.g. intensity, phase, frequency, or polarization) of the light inside the fibre.

This Collection aims to gather the latest advances in the topic of fibre sensors, looking at the next generation of fibre sensor devices as well as their exploitation in biomedical, engineering, and natural sciences applications.

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Atmospheric Chemistry

客座编辑:Mohd Talib Latif, Prabir K. Patra & Weigang Wang

Research in atmospheric chemistry is vital to understand and address the increasingly recognized impact of human activities on air quality and climate. Unravelling the intricacies of Earth's atmospheric chemistry demands a harmonious collaboration among various scientific approaches. At the heart of this research lies the synergy between field measurements, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations to deepen our understanding of this complex realm. Field measurements provide insights into the composition of organic trace gases and aerosol particles across diverse locations. These measurements not only unveil the atmospheric compositions but also serve as a critical testbed for evaluating the accuracy of computer models. To construct accurate models, a wealth of input parameters (e.g., thermodynamic, spectroscopic, and reaction kinetic parameters for detected constituents) is required, which can be sourced from laboratory experiments. By benchmarking the model simulations against real-world observations, we can refine our understanding of how chemical and physical processes lead to the evolution of atmospheric compositions. 

This themed Collection welcomes original research on advancing field measurements, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations for atmospheric chemistry, with an attempt of bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and real-world implications.

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Plastic degradation/recycling

客座编辑:C. Marisa R. Almeida, Bipro Dhar & Jay N. Meegoda

Plastic degradation refers to the process of breaking down plastic materials into simpler or smaller components to reduce their environmental impact. Methods to decompose plastic material include mechanical breakdown, chemical recycling, and biodegradation. Mechanical degradation and chemical recycling aim to produce smaller particles and simpler chemical structures that can be reused to produce new material. Alternatively, biodegradation of plastics by enzymes produced by microorganisms ideally results in the metabolization of the materials; research efforts to advance this field aim to increase the effectiveness of these enzymes.

This Collection aims to attract original research that develops or employs methods to break down and recycle plastic materials by mechanical, chemical, or biological means.

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Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment

客座编辑:Gerald Larrouy-Maumus, Prasit Palittapongarnpim & Selvakumar Subbian

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a leading cause of infection-related deaths in humans worldwide. Ending the TB epidemic is considered a key milestone in achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals in Good Health and Well-Being. Recent efforts in the fight against TB include the development of potential new vaccines, furthering of research to understand the host and bacterial factors of asymptomatic (latent), symptomatic TB and multidrug-resistant infections, and investigations on novel therapeutic interventions such as the host-directed therapy. However, several unknown areas exist in these arenas that require further research in each of these fields to achieve a better global TB elimination program.

This Collection welcomes original research articles from the fields of molecular and cellular biology focusing on the immunological characterization of various stages of Mtb infection and the development and characterizations of various anti-TB measures, including vaccines and therapeutic drug development.

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Soil-borne plant diseases

客座编辑:Essaid Ait Barka & Andreia Figueiredo

Besides being a key source of water and nutrients for plants, soil is also an important reservoir of bacteria, fungi, and nematodes that can severely impact plant growth and yield. Soil-borne plant diseases, such as damping-off, root rots, and wilts, which often lead to non-specific symptoms and are therefore difficult to diagnose, are responsible for major crop losses annually. According to recent studies, the abundance of soil pathogens, and consequently frequency of infection, is predicted to increase due to climate change, posing an additional threat to food production. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to infection and how to overcome it can therefore strongly contribute to minimise agricultural losses and ensure global food security.

This Collection welcomes original research on soil-borne plant diseases, from molecular studies to field trials, including early diagnostic methods and strategies to minimise their socioeconomic impact on populations.

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Motion perception

客座编辑:Elena Gheorghiu & J. Farley Norman

Motion perception plays a fundamental role in our daily visual experience; it is critical for computing the speed and direction of moving objects and controlling our own body and eye movements. Motion perception relies on our visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems; therefore, when any of these systems is impaired, motion perception deficits are likely to arise. Approaches to understanding multisensory interaction between these systems is thus crucial for supporting individuals with motion perception disorders.

This Collection welcomes original research articles investigating motion perception and the multiple systems that underlie our ability to perceive object motion, self-motion, and control different parts of our body. Research articles on motion perception disorders and approaches to their diagnosis and treatment are welcome.

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Energy justice

客座编辑:Angelo Facchini & Sadhan Gope

Energy justice research operates in a complex socio-political and economic landscape, encompassing various dimensions of justice, such as distributive, procedural, and recognition justice, necessitating a harmonized framework. The field's global perspective also necessitates tailored solutions that acknowledge regional disparities and priorities. Additionally, as societies transition towards renewable energy sources, researchers confront the challenge of balancing environmental and social concerns to mitigate emerging inequalities. Scrutinizing the effectiveness of energy policies and regulations in promoting justice is essential, demanding rigorous evaluation and recommendations for improvements.

This Collection seeks submissions of original research aimed at addressing challenges related to ensuring equitable access to energy services, engaging with affected communities, defining standardized data and metrics, and navigating the complexities of just transitions during the shift away from fossil fuels.

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Scientific Reports 《科学报告》

An open access journal publishing original research from across all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering.

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