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客座编辑：Surajit Bhattacharjya, Khalid Sossey-Alaoui & Jieqing Zhu

Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules that facilitate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and are found in all metazoans. These receptors mediate a vast array of processes that can be broadly categorized in two main ways: transduction of signals that support cellular function, necessary for processes like cell proliferation and environment sensing; and interaction between the cell and extracellular matrix, necessary for growth and organ development. Given their role in many of the key processes of multicellular organisms, it follows that the effects of mutations affecting integrins can be diverse and catastrophic.

In this Collection we invite original research into integrin-associated disorders at the level of basic research on integrin function through to potential treatments.

客座编辑：Samantha M McDonald, David C. Nieman & H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe

Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant found in coffee and tea and added to products such as energy drinks and sports chews and gels. Caffeine has many benefits, including increased alertness, improved physical performance, and increased metabolism. However, caffeine can also be addictive and have other negative side effects, such as sleep loss, anxiety and stress, and headaches. As more than 80% of adults regularly consume caffeine, understanding the positive and negative health-related effects of caffeine is an important public health issue.

This Collection invites original research examining the health-related effects of caffeine, including the effects of coffee, tea, and energy drinks, the use of caffeine in athletes, and the molecular effects of caffeine.

客座编辑：Kjersti Aagaard, Brandie DePaoli Taylor & Thomas McElrath

Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and kidney impairment in the late stages of pregnancy. Affecting up to 8% of all deliveries worldwide, it leads to approximately half a million fetal and neonatal deaths annually, primarily in low- and middle-income countries and among other disadvantaged populations. The etiology of preeclampsia is complex and not fully understood. Abnormal placentation, placental ageing, autoimmunity, genetic incompatibility with the fetus, metabolic syndrome, and microbial infection have all been implicated in the development of preeclampsia. Preventative measures and treatments target angiogenic imbalance, endothelial activation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vasoconstriction, while improved biomarkers are being developed for risk stratification. Although preeclampsia normally resolves within weeks after delivery, people with a history of this disorder are also at higher risk for developing other cardiovascular diseases.

This Collection will highlight original research on preeclampsia, including its etiology, diagnosis, complications, and treatment.

客座编辑：Giorgio Buonanno & Prashant Kumar

Across the world, particularly in low and middle-income countries, many families still rely on inefficient energy sources, such as coal, wood, and kerosene, for cooking and heating their households. These practices contribute to the release of particulate matter and other pollutants to the air, which can have a severe impact on the environment and the health of exposed communities. Household air pollution is estimated to cause over three million premature deaths per year worldwide, with women and children, particularly from rural areas, being the most affected. Understanding the impact of household air pollution and developing strategies for a widespread access to cleaner energy is thus paramount to minimize its impact and associated inequalities.

This Collection invites original research on multidisciplinary studies on the health and socioeconomic burden of household air pollution, as well as accessible alternatives to the current practices.

客座编辑：Gunvant B. Patil & José Manuel Pérez-Pérez

Plant architecture can be used to describe a range of morphological features that contribute to a plant’s overall physical structure and fitness. Both inherited and environmental factors play a role in developing the enormous diversity of phenotypes observed in the plant kingdom. Recent research has considered functional adaptations relevant to the changing climate - temperature, water availability, salinity - as well as the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the developmental biology that regulates plant morphology. Furthermore, advances in scanning and modelling technology represent exciting avenues for further definition of plant structure at micro and macro scales. Improving our understanding of plant architecture conveys potential benefits to conventional agriculture and conservation practices, as well as offering solutions to tailor plants to specific environmental conditions.

This Collection welcomes original research to advance the field of plant architecture. Relevant submissions from fields including, but not limited to, plant morphology, biotechnology, genetic regulation, hormone signalling, and crop monitoring are encouraged. This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 2 and SDG 15.

客座编辑：Alexander V. Mantzaris & Constantinos Patsakis

The realm of information entropy research represents a multidisciplinary field, merging mathematical theories with real-world data. At its core, information entropy is the study of uncertainty in information to extract meaningful patterns from vast and chaotic datasets, a concept with profound implications in diverse fields, from cryptography to machine learning. In the era of big data, there is a growing demand for advanced methods that strike a balance between data compression and the preservation of information integrity. The emergence of quantum computing adds an exciting yet challenging dimension, promising unprecedented computational power while also posing new theoretical and practical challenges in understanding and harnessing quantum information entropy. Furthermore, the quest to apply entropy in machine learning algorithms aims to teach machines not only to process data but also to comprehend and predict the inherent unpredictability of the information they analyze. 

This collection invites original research submissions that explore the complexity and dynamics of large networks and foster deeper integration of entropy concepts with emerging technologies like machine learning and quantum computing.

客座编辑：Mariana Pereira & James C. Walton

Oxytocin is thought to play an important role in social bonding, stress regulation, and mental health. Known also as the “love hormone”, oxytocin is associated with trust, sexual arousal, relationship building, and reproduction. Work in animals has demonstrated that oxytocin induces maternal behaviour and work in humans links oxytocin to parent-infant bonding, thus suggesting that it might be critical for regulating attachment behaviours.

This Collection welcomes research articles from both Psychology and Neuroscience investigating the role of oxytocin in promoting all aspects of social behaviour in both animals and humans.

客座编辑：ChungHyuk Lee, Jason Keonhag Lee, Mayank Sabharwal & Gaoqiang Yang

Transport phenomena, referring to mass, energy and momentum transfer, are critical factors which determine the operating efficiency and performance degradation (over time) for electrochemical energy conversion devices. The transport mechanisms might vary for different systems, such as flow batteries and water electrolyzers, resulting in one or more performance-limiting factors. Therefore, understanding and optimizing these transport phenomena is pivotal for improving the efficiency and durability of the electrochemical energy conversion devices. For instance, low ionic transport resistance enhances the energy density and charging rate of batteries, and effective heat and mass transport are crucial for the longevity and performance of fuel cells. Several research thrusts in electrochemical energy devices seek to optimize the electrode morphology and composition or engineering the wettability of porous media for enhanced transport. Equally important operando diagnostic methods can provide a better understanding of the structure-property relationship impacting the transport processes, thereby allowing optimization of electrochemical energy conversion devices.

This collection welcomes original research aimed at delving into the fundamental understanding of the origin of transport resistances, and development of operando diagnostic techniques, advanced computational models, robust materials, and innovative operating strategies to reduce transport resistances in electrochemical energy conversion devices, including fuel cells, water electrolyzers, CO2/CO/N2 reduction devices, flow batteries, and solid-state batteries.

客座编辑：Tina Comes, Erick Mas & Markus Ries

Communities around the world face a range of potential hazards. The harm caused by natural phenomena like earthquakes, hurricanes, and volcanic eruptions depends not only on their severity, but also on the preparedness and resilience of the affected communities. Anthropogenic climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards, including floods, heat waves, and severe cold. Meanwhile, population growth has led to the increased vulnerability of many communities to disasters and emergencies, particularly in coastal and urban areas. As the population ages, more individuals also become especially threatened by the consequences of such events, including epidemics and other public health emergencies. Disasters can also be generated entirely by humans, such as cyber attacks. To deal with emergencies and disasters of all types, communities from the international to the local level must be prepared with a framework of prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery approaches.  

This Collection welcomes original research on all aspects of disaster and emergency preparedness, from risk assessment to executing an effective response.

Scientific Reports 《科学报告》

An open access journal publishing original research from across all areas of the natural sciences, psychology, medicine and engineering.

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