MyBatis 动态 SQL(认真看看, 以后写 SQL 就爽多了)
MyBatis 令人喜欢的一大特性就是动态 SQL。在使用 JDBC 的过程中, 根据条件进行 SQL 的拼接是很麻烦且很容易出错的。MyBatis 动态 SQL 的出现, 解决了这个麻烦。
MyBatis通过 OGNL 来进行动态 SQL 的使用的。
目前, 动态 SQL 支持以下几种标签
数据准备
为了后面的演示, 创建了一个 Maven 项目 mybatis-dynamic, 创建了对应的数据库和表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;CREATE TABLE `student` (`student_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',`phone` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '电话',`email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮箱',`sex` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别',`locked` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '状态(0:正常,1:锁定)',`gmt_created` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '存入数据库的时间',`gmt_modified` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改的时间',`delete` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci COMMENT='学生表';
对应的项目结构
/*** 根据输入的学生信息进行条件检索* 1. 当只输入用户名时, 使用用户名进行模糊检索;* 2. 当只输入邮箱时, 使用性别进行完全匹配* 3. 当用户名和性别都存在时, 用这两个条件进行查询匹配的用* @param student* @return*/List<Student> selectByStudentSelective(Student student);
<select id="selectByStudentSelective" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">select<include refid="Base_Column_List" />from studentwhere 1=1<if test="name != null and name !=''">and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')</if><if test="sex != null">and sex=#{sex}</if></select>
<if test="name != null and name !=''">and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')</if><if test="sex != null">and sex=#{sex}</if>
@Testpublic void selectByStudent() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);Student search = new Student();search.setName("明");System.out.println("只有名字时的查询");List<Student> studentsByName = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsByName.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByName.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}search.setName(null);search.setSex((byte) 1);System.out.println("只有性别时的查询");List<Student> studentsBySex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsBySex.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsBySex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}System.out.println("姓名和性别同时存在的查询");search.setName("明");List<Student> studentsByNameAndSex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelective(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsByNameAndSex.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByNameAndSex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
where 1=1 and name like concat('%', ?, '%')
where 1=1 and sex=?
where 1=1 and name like concat('%', ?, '%') and sex=?
/*** 更新非空属性*/int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Student record);
<update id="updateByPrimaryKeySelective" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">update student<set><if test="name != null">`name` = #{name,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="phone != null">phone = #{phone,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="email != null">email = #{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="sex != null">sex = #{sex,jdbcType=TINYINT},</if><if test="locked != null">locked = #{locked,jdbcType=TINYINT},</if><if test="gmtCreated != null">gmt_created = #{gmtCreated,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},</if><if test="gmtModified != null">gmt_modified = #{gmtModified,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},</if></set>where student_id = #{studentId,jdbcType=INTEGER}
@Testpublic void updateByStudentSelective() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);Student student = new Student();student.setStudentId(1);student.setName("明明");student.setPhone("13838438888");System.out.println(studentMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(student));sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
/*** 非空字段才进行插入*/int insertSelective(Student record);
<insert id="insertSelective" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">insert into student<trim prefix="(" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=","><if test="studentId != null">student_id,</if><if test="name != null">`name`,</if><if test="phone != null">phone,</if><if test="email != null">email,</if><if test="sex != null">sex,</if><if test="locked != null">locked,</if><if test="gmtCreated != null">gmt_created,</if><if test="gmtModified != null">gmt_modified,</if></trim><trim prefix="values (" suffix=")" suffixOverrides=","><if test="studentId != null">#{studentId,jdbcType=INTEGER},</if><if test="name != null">#{name,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="phone != null">#{phone,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="email != null">#{email,jdbcType=VARCHAR},</if><if test="sex != null">#{sex,jdbcType=TINYINT},</if><if test="locked != null">#{locked,jdbcType=TINYINT},</if><if test="gmtCreated != null">#{gmtCreated,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},</if><if test="gmtModified != null">#{gmtModified,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP},</if></trim></insert>
@Testpublic void insertByStudentSelective() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);Student student = new Student();student.setName("小飞机");student.setPhone("13838438899");student.setEmail("[email protected]");student.setLocked((byte) 0);System.out.println(studentMapper.insertSelective(student));sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
当 studen_id 有值时, 使用 studen_id 进行查询; 当 studen_id 没有值时, 使用 name 进行查询; 否则返回空
/*** - 当 studen_id 有值时, 使用 studen_id 进行查询;* - 当 studen_id 没有值时, 使用 name 进行查询;* - 否则返回空*/Student selectByIdOrName(Student record);
<select id="selectByIdOrName" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">select<include refid="Base_Column_List" />from studentwhere 1=1<choose><when test="studentId != null">and student_id=#{studentId}</when><when test="name != null and name != ''">and name=#{name}</when><otherwise>and 1=2</otherwise></choose></select>
@Testpublic void selectByIdOrName() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);Student student = new Student();student.setName("小飞机");student.setStudentId(1);Student studentById = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);System.out.println("有 ID 则根据 ID 获取");System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentById, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));student.setStudentId(null);Student studentByName = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);System.out.println("没有 ID 则根据 name 获取");System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentByName, ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));student.setName(null);Student studentNull = studentMapper.selectByIdOrName(student);System.out.println("没有 ID 和 name, 返回 null");Assert.assertNull(studentNull);sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
当只输入用户名时, 使用用户名进行模糊检索; 当只输入性别时, 使用性别进行完全匹配 当用户名和性别都存在时, 用这两个条件进行查询匹配查询
当条件都不满足时:此时 SQL 中应该要不能有 where , 否则导致出错 当 if 有条件满足时:SQL 中需要有 where, 且第一个成立的 if 标签下的 and | or 等要去掉
/*** 根据输入的学生信息进行条件检索* 1. 当只输入用户名时, 使用用户名进行模糊检索;* 2. 当只输入邮箱时, 使用性别进行完全匹配* 3. 当用户名和性别都存在时, 用这两个条件进行查询匹配的用*/List<Student> selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(Student student);
<select id="selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="com.homejim.mybatis.entity.Student">select<include refid="Base_Column_List" />from student<where><if test="name != null and name !=''">and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')</if><if test="sex != null">and sex=#{sex}</if></where></select>
@Testpublic void selectByStudentWhereTag() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);Student search = new Student();search.setName("明");System.out.println("只有名字时的查询");List<Student> studentsByName = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsByName.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByName.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}search.setSex((byte) 1);System.out.println("姓名和性别同时存在的查询");List<Student> studentsBySex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsBySex.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsBySex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}System.out.println("姓名和性别都不存在时查询");search.setName(null);search.setSex(null);List<Student> studentsByNameAndSex = studentMapper.selectByStudentSelectiveWhereTag(search);for (int i = 0; i < studentsByNameAndSex.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(studentsByNameAndSex.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
<trim prefix="where" prefixOverrides="AND |OR"></trim>
<trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=","></trim>
prefix: 当 trim 元素包含有内容时, 增加 prefix 所指定的前缀 prefixOverrides: 当 trim 元素包含有内容时, 去除 prefixOverrides 指定的 前缀 suffix: 当 trim 元素包含有内容时, 增加 suffix 所指定的后缀 suffixOverrides:当 trim 元素包含有内容时, 去除 suffixOverrides 指定的后缀
collection: 必填, 集合/数组/Map的名称. item: 变量名。即从迭代的对象中取出的每一个值 index: 索引的属性名。当迭代的对象为 Map 时, 该值为 Map 中的 Key. open: 循环开头的字符串 close: 循环结束的字符串 separator: 每次循环的分隔符
/*** 获取 id 集合中的用户信息* @param ids* @return*/List<Student> selectByStudentIdList(List<Integer> ids);
<select id="selectByStudentIdList" resultMap="BaseResultMap">select<include refid="Base_Column_List" />from studentwhere student_id in<foreach collection="list" item="id" open="(" close=")" separator="," index="i">#{id}</foreach></select>
@Testpublic void selectByStudentIdList() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);List<Integer> ids = new LinkedList<>();ids.add(1);ids.add(3);List<Student> students = studentMapper.selectByStudentIdList(ids);for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {System.out.println(ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(students.get(i), ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE));}sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
/*** 批量插入学生*/int insertList(List<Student> students);
<insert id="insertList">insert into student(name, phone, email, sex, locked)values<foreach collection="list" item="student" separator=",">(#{student.name}, #{student.phone},#{student.email},#{student.sex},#{student.locked})</foreach></insert>
@Testpublic void insertList() {SqlSession sqlSession = null;sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);List<Student> students = new LinkedList<>();Student stu1 = new Student();stu1.setName("批量01");stu1.setPhone("13888888881");stu1.setLocked((byte) 0);stu1.setEmail("[email protected]");stu1.setSex((byte) 1);students.add(stu1);Student stu2 = new Student();stu2.setName("批量02");stu2.setPhone("13888888882");stu2.setLocked((byte) 0);stu2.setEmail("[email protected]");stu2.setSex((byte) 0);students.add(stu2);System.out.println(studentMapper.insertList(students));sqlSession.commit();sqlSession.close();}
<if test="name != null and name !=''">and name like concat('%', #{name}, '%')</if>
<if test="name != null and name !=''"><bind name="nameLike" value="'%'+name+'%'"/>and name like #{nameLike}</if>