什么是“玩”？

一般以为很明显的概念，不一定很容易定义？

例如，人人以为“玩”很简单，不过什么是“玩”？如何定义“玩”？并非易事。

动物为什么“玩”？

哪些动物“玩”？

果蝇“玩”不“玩”？

“玩”需要符合

没有立即的生存意义

自愿、有意、奖赏

非文化特异

重复但非刻板

无紧张压力

为什么要研究果蝇的玩？

因为科学家要玩。

Criteria for play-like behavior require the activity to be (1) of no immediate relevance for survival; (2) voluntary, intentional, and rewarding; (3) non-ethotypical; (4) repeated, yet unstereotyped; and (5) free from stress.Play-like behavior following these rules is pervasive across the vertebrate subphylum； recent studies in rats even identified and characterized the involved brain regions. In invertebrates, sparse reports have so far addressed either social play in parasitoid wasps or spiders,object play in bumblebees, or are anecdotal.1 Contrary to social play or object play, which are thought to train social interaction or muscle/motor skills, respectively, a convincing hypothesis of the adaptive value of voluntary passive movement play-like behavior is currently lacking in any organism.