Django教程-DjangoCRUD(创建、读取、更新、删除)

点击关注 👉2023年08月18日约 6 分钟

整理：python架构师

要创建执行 CRUD 操作的 Django 应用程序，请按照以下步骤操作。

1. 创建项目

$ django-admin startproject crudexample

2. 创建一个应用程序

$ python3 manage.py startapp employee

3. 项目结构

最初，我们的项目如下所示：

专属福利

👉点击领取：最全Python资料合集

4. 数据库设置

在mysql中创建数据库djangodb，并配置到django项目的settings.py文件中。请参阅示例。

// 设置.py

DATABASES = {      'default': {          'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',          'NAME': 'djangodb',          'USER':'root',          'PASSWORD':'mysql',          'HOST':'localhost',          'PORT':'3306'      }  }

5. 创建模型

将以下代码放入models.py文件中。

// 模型.py

from django.db import models  class Employee(models.Model):      eid = models.CharField(max_length=20)      ename = models.CharField(max_length=100)      eemail = models.EmailField()      econtact = models.CharField(max_length=15)      class Meta:          db_table = "employee"

6. 创建模型表单

// 表单.py

from django import forms  from employee.models import Employee  class EmployeeForm(forms.ModelForm):      class Meta:          model = Employee          fields = "__all__"

7. 创建视图函数

// 视图.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect  from employee.forms import EmployeeForm  from employee.models import Employee  # Create your views here.  def emp(request):      if request.method == "POST":          form = EmployeeForm(request.POST)          if form.is_valid():              try:                  form.save()                  return redirect('/show')              except:                  pass      else:          form = EmployeeForm()      return render(request,'index.html',{'form':form})  def show(request):      employees = Employee.objects.all()      return render(request,"show.html",{'employees':employees})  def edit(request, id):      employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)      return render(request,'edit.html', {'employee':employee})  def update(request, id):      employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)      form = EmployeeForm(request.POST, instance = employee)      if form.is_valid():          form.save()          return redirect("/show")      return render(request, 'edit.html', {'employee': employee})  def destroy(request, id):      employee = Employee.objects.get(id=id)      employee.delete()      return redirect("/show")

8. 提供路由

提供 URL 模式以与视图功能进行映射。

// url.py

from django.contrib import admin  from django.urls import path  from employee import views  urlpatterns = [      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),      path('emp', views.emp),      path('show',views.show),      path('edit/<int:id>', views.edit),      path('update/<int:id>', views.update),      path('delete/<int:id>', views.destroy),  ]

9. 组织模板

在员工应用程序中创建一个templates文件夹，并在该目录中创建三个（索引、编辑、显示）html 文件。下面给出了每个的代码。

// 索引.html

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en">  <head>      <meta charset="UTF-8">      <title>Index</title>      {% load staticfiles %}      <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}"/>  </head>  <body>  <form method="POST" class="post-form" action="/emp">          {% csrf_token %}      <div class="container">  <br>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"></label>      <div class="col-sm-4">      <h3>Enter Details</h3>      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Id:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">        {{ form.eid }}      </div>    </div>    <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Name:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">        {{ form.ename }}      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Email:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">        {{ form.eemail }}      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Contact:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">        {{ form.econtact }}      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"></label>      <div class="col-sm-4">      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>      </div>    </div>      </div>  </form>  </body>  </html>

// 显示.html

<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en">  <head>      <meta charset="UTF-8">      <title>Employee Records</title>       {% load staticfiles %}      <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}"/>  </head>  <body>  <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-sm">      <thead class="thead-dark">      <tr>          <th>Employee ID</th>          <th>Employee Name</th>          <th>Employee Email</th>          <th>Employee Contact</th>          <th>Actions</th>      </tr>      </thead>      <tbody>  {% for employee in employees %}      <tr>          <td>{{ employee.eid }}</td>          <td>{{ employee.ename }}</td>          <td>{{ employee.eemail }}</td>          <td>{{ employee.econtact }}</td>          <td>              <a href="/edit/{{ employee.id }}"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil" >Edit</span></a>              <a href="/delete/{{ employee.id }}">Delete</a>          </td>      </tr>  {% endfor %}      </tbody>  </table>  <br>  <br>  <center><a href="/emp" class="btn btn-primary">Add New Record</a></center>  </body>  </html>  // 编辑.html<!DOCTYPE html>  <html lang="en">  <head>      <meta charset="UTF-8">      <title>Index</title>      {% load staticfiles %}      <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}"/>  </head>  <body>  <form method="POST" class="post-form" action="/update/{{employee.id}}">          {% csrf_token %}      <div class="container">  <br>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"></label>      <div class="col-sm-4">      <h3>Update Details</h3>      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Id:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">          <input type="text" name="eid" id="id_eid" required maxlength="20" value="{{ employee.eid }}"/>      </div>    </div>    <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Name:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">          <input type="text" name="ename" id="id_ename" required maxlength="100" value="{{ employee.ename }}" />      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Email:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">          <input type="email" name="eemail" id="id_eemail" required maxlength="254" value="{{ employee.eemail }}" />      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Employee Contact:</label>      <div class="col-sm-4">          <input type="text" name="econtact" id="id_econtact" required maxlength="15" value="{{ employee.econtact }}" />      </div>    </div>      <div class="form-group row">      <label class="col-sm-1 col-form-label"></label>      <div class="col-sm-4">      <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Update</button>      </div>    </div>      </div>  </form>  </body>  </html>

10. 静态文件处理

在员工应用程序中创建一个static/css文件夹，并将 css 放入其中。

11. 项目结构

12. 创建迁移

为创建的模型员工创建迁移，使用以下命令。

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations

迁移后，再执行一项命令以将迁移反映到数据库中。但在此之前，请在 settings.py 文件的 INSTALLED_APPS 中提及应用程序（员工）的名称。

// 设置.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [      'django.contrib.admin',      'django.contrib.auth',      'django.contrib.contenttypes',      'django.contrib.sessions',      'django.contrib.messages',      'django.contrib.staticfiles',      'employee'  ]