Django教程-基于 Django 类的通用视图

基于函数的视图

• 它易于理解且易于使用。

• 它提供了显式的代码流程。

• 直接使用装饰器。

基于类的视图

• 它遵循 Django 的 DRY 约定。

• 我们可以使用 Mixin 扩展基于类的视图，并根据需求添加更多功能。

• 它允许继承另一个类，可以针对各种用例进行修改。

专属福利 
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使用基于类的视图执行 CRUD（创建、检索、更新、删除）

from django.db import models  # Create your models here.  class Employee(models.Model):      first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)      last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)      mobile = models.CharField(max_length=10)      email = models.EmailField()      def __str__(self):          return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name)

python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate

from django.forms import fields  from .models import Employee  from django import forms  class EmployeeForm(forms.ModelForm):      class Meta:          # To specify the model to be used to create form          model = Employee          # It includes all the fields of model          fields = '__all__'  

实现基于类的视图

from django.http import HttpResponse  def function_view(request):      if request.method == 'GET':          # View logic will place here          return HttpResponse('response')

from django.http import HttpResponse  from django.views import View  class NewView(View):      def get(self, request):          # View logic will place here          return HttpResponse('response')

# urls.py  from django.urls import path  from myapp.views import NewView  urlpatterns = [      path('about/', NewView.as_view()),  ]

创建视图

注意 - employee_form.html 文件应包含在 template/app_name/employee_form.html 中。在我们的示例中，文件位置是 template/sampleapp/employee_form.html。

from .models import Employee  from .forms import EmployeeForm  from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView  class EmployeeCreate(CreateView):      model = Employee      fields = '__all__'  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate')  ]  

检索视图

from django.views.generic.list import ListView  class EmployeeRetrieve(ListView):      model = Employee  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate, EmployeeRetrieve  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate'),      path('retrieve/', EmployeeRetrieve.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeRetrieve')  ]  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <ul class="nav flex-column">          <!-- Iterate over object_list -->          {% for object in object_list %}          <!-- Display Objects -->          <li class="nav-item">First Name: {{ object.first_name }}</li>          <li class="nav-item">Last Name: {{ object.last_name }}</li>          <li class="nav-item">Mobile: {{ object.mobile }}</li>          <li class="nav-item"> Email: {{ object.email }}</li>          <hr/>          <!-- If object_list is empty -->          {% empty %}          <li class="nav-item">No objects Find</li>          {% endfor %}      </ul>  {% endblock content %}  

详细视图

from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView  class EmployeeDetail(DetailView):      model = Employee  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate, EmployeeDetail, EmployeeRetrieve  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate'),      path('retrieve/', EmployeeRetrieve.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeRetrieve'),      path('retrieve/<int:pk>', EmployeeDetail.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDetail')  ]  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <h1>{{ object.first_name }} {{object.last_name}}</h1>      <p>{{ object.email }}</p>      <p>{{ object.mobile }}</p>  {% endblock content %}  

更新视图

from django.views.generic.edit import UpdateView  class EmployeeUpdate(UpdateView):      model = Employee  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate, EmployeeDetail, EmployeeRetrieve, EmployeeUpdate, EmployeeDelete  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate'),      path('retrieve/', EmployeeRetrieve.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeRetrieve'),      path('<int:pk>', EmployeeDetail.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDetail'),      path('<int:pk>/update/', EmployeeUpdate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeUpdate'),      path('<int:pk>/delete/', EmployeeDelete.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDelete')  ]  

删除视图

from django.views.generic.edit DeleteView  class EmployeeDelete(DeleteView):      model = Employee      # here we can specify the URL       # to redirect after successful deletion      success_url = '/'  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate, EmployeeDetail, EmployeeRetrieve, EmployeeUpdate, EmployeeDelete  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate'),      path('retrieve/', EmployeeRetrieve.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeRetrieve'),      path('<int:pk>', EmployeeDetail.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDetail'),      path('<pk>/update/', EmployeeUpdate, name = 'EmployeeUpdate'),      path('<pk>/delete/', EmployeeDelete, name = 'EmployeeDelete')  ]  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <form method="post">  {% csrf_token %}      <p>Are you sure you want to delete "{{ object }}"?</p>      <input type="submit" value="Confirm">  </form>  {% endblock content %}  

代码

from django.shortcuts import redirect, render  from django.urls import reverse, reverse_lazy  from django.contrib import messages  from .models import Employee  from .forms import EmployeeForm  from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, UpdateView  from django.views.generic.list import ListView  from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView  class EmployeeCreate(CreateView):      model = Employee      fields = '__all__'      success_url = reverse_lazy('sampleapp: EmployeeRetrieve')  class EmployeeRetrieve(ListView):      model = Employee      success_url = reverse_lazy('sampleapp: EmployeeRetrieve')  class EmployeeDetail(DetailView):      model = Employee      success_url = reverse_lazy('sampleapp: EmployeeRetrieve')  class EmployeeUpdate(UpdateView):      model = Employee      template_name_suffix = '_update_form'      fields = '__all__'      success_url = reverse_lazy('sampleapp: EmployeeRetrieve')      # def get_success_url(self):  class EmployeeDelete(DeleteView):      model = Employee      # here we can specify the URL       # to redirect after successful deletion      success_url = '/'  

"""Hello URL Configuration  The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:      https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/  Examples:  Function views      1. Add an import:  from my_app import views      2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')  Class-based views      1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home      2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')  Including another URLconf      1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path      2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))  """  from django.contrib import admin  from django.urls import path  from django.urls.conf import include  urlpatterns = [      path('admin/', admin.site.urls),      path('', include(('sampleapp.urls'), namespace='sampleapp')) ]  

from django.urls import path  from .views import EmployeeCreate, EmployeeDetail, EmployeeRetrieve, EmployeeUpdate, EmployeeDelete  app_name = 'sampleapp'  urlpatterns = [      path('', EmployeeCreate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeCreate'),      path('retrieve/', EmployeeRetrieve.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeRetrieve'),      path('<int:pk>', EmployeeDetail.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDetail'),      path('<int:pk>/update/', EmployeeUpdate.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeUpdate'),      path('<int:pk>/delete/', EmployeeDelete.as_view(), name = 'EmployeeDelete')  ]  

<!doctype html>  <html lang="en">    <head>      <!-- Required meta tags -->      <meta charset="utf-8">      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">      <!-- Bootstrap CSS -->      <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-EVSTQN3/azprG1Anm3QDgpJLIm9Nao0Yz1ztcQTwFspd3yD65VohhpuuCOmLASjC" crossorigin="anonymous">      <title>Register Page</title>    </head>    <body>    <div class = 'col-md-8'>       {% if messages %}          <ul>               {% for message in messages %}                <div class = 'alert alert-{{message.tags}}'>                  {{ message }}                 </div>                {% endfor %}          </ul>       {% endif %}     </div>    {% block content %}      <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-MrcW6ZMFYlzcLA8Nl+NtUVF0sA7MsXsP1UyJoMp4YLEuNSfAP+JcXn/tWtIaxVXM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>      {% endblock content %}    </body>  </html>  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}  <table class="table table-borderless">      <thead class="border-bottom font-weight-bold">          <tr>              <td>First Name</td>              <td>Last Name</td>              <td>Mobile</td>              <td>Email</td>                  {% comment %} <a href="{% url 'EmployeeRetrieve' %}" class="btn btn-outline-success">                      <i class="fas fa-plus"></i> Add New {% endcomment %}                  </a>              </td>          </tr>      </thead>      {% for object in object_list %}          <!-- Display Objects -->          <tr>                  <td>{{ object.first_name }}</td>                  <td> {{object.last_name }}</td>                  <td> {{object.mobile }}</td>                  <td>{{object.email }} </td>              <td>              <td><button><a href = '/{{object.pk}}/delete' class = 'class="btn text-secondary px-0'> Delete              </a></button></td>              <td><button><a href = '/{{object.pk}}/update' class = 'class="btn text-secondary px-0'> Update              </a></button></td>      {% endfor %}  </table>  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <h1>{{ object.first_name }} {{object.last_name}}</h1>      <p>{{ object.email }}</p>      <p>{{ object.mobile }}</p>      <td><button><a href = '/{{object.pk}}/delete' class = 'class="btn text-secondary px-0'> Delete      </a></button></td>      <td><button><a href = '/{{object.pk}}/update' class = 'class="btn text-secondary px-0'> Update    </a></button></td>  {% endblock content %}  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <form method="post">      {% csrf_token %}          {{ form.as_p }}          <input type="submit" value="Update">      </form>  {% endblock content %}  

{% extends 'base.html' %}  {% block content %}      <form method="post">{% csrf_token %}      <p>Are you sure you want to delete "{{ object }}"?</p>      <input type="submit" value="Confirm">  </form>  {% endblock content %}  

结论

 1

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