Django教程-自定义用户模型

先决条件

• 安装最新的 Django (2.2 +)

• 创建 Django 项目

• 进行基本配置

• 创建虚拟环境

1.在 Django 中创建自定义用户模型

python manage.py startapp MyUserModel

专属福利 
👉点击领取：最全Python资料合集

INSTALLED_APP = [  ?????  ?????.  MyUserModel  ]  

2. 为自定义用户创建模型

from django.db import models  from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin  from django.utils import timezone  from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _  from .managers import CustomUserManager  # Create your models here.  class CustomUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):      username = None      email = models.EmailField(_('email_address'), unique=True, max_length = 200)      date_joined = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)      is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)      is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)      USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'      REQUIRED_FIELDS = []      objects = CustomUserManager()      def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):          "Does the user have a specific permission?"          # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always          return True     def is_staff(self):          "Is the user a member of staff?"          return self.staff      @property      def is_admin(self):          "Is the user a admin member?"          return self.admin      def __str__(self):          return self.email  

我们来理解一下上面的模型；我们创建了一个名为CustomUser的类，它继承了 AbstractbaseClass。然后，我们添加了电子邮件、is_staff、 is_active和date_joined字段。

• 用户名设置为 none，因为我们希望通过唯一的电子邮件 ID 而不是用户名来验证用户身份。

• 如果用户允许登录管理面板，则is_staff返回true。

• 如果用户当前处于活动状态，则is_active返回true。如果用户不活跃，他/她将不允许登录。

• USERNAME_FIELDS定义用户模型的唯一标识 - 电子邮件。

• 当我们通过createsuperuser命令创建**超级用户时，REQUIRED_FIELDS**会提示字段。它必须包含空白为 False 的任何字段。

• 管理器类对象指定该类的所有对象都来自 CustomeUserManager 。如果用户拥有每个指定的权限，则has_permission返回true。

3. 创建模型管理器

from django.contrib.auth.base_user import BaseUserManager  from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _  """      Custom user model manager where email is the unique identifiers      for authentication instead of usernames.      """  class CustomUserManager(BaseUserManager):      """      Custom user model manager where email is the unique identifiers      for authentication instead of usernames.      """      def create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):          """          Create and save a User with the given email and password.          """          if not email:              raise ValueError(_('The Email must be set'))          email = self.normalize_email(email)          user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)          user.set_password(password)          user.save()          return user      def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):          """          Create and save a SuperUser with the given email and password.          """          extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)          extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)          extra_fields.setdefault('is_active', True)          if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:              raise ValueError(_('Superuser must have is_staff=True.'))          if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:              raise ValueError(_('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.'))          return self.create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)      def get_full_name(self):          '''          Returns the first_name plus the last_name, with a space in between.          '''          full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)          return full_name.strip()      def get_short_name(self):          '''          Returns the short name for the user.          '''          return self.first_name   

我们创建了继承 BaseUserManager 的CustomManagerClass 。它提供了以下辅助方法。

• create_user ()方法创建、保存并返回用户。它会自动将电子邮件转换为小写，并且返回的 User 对象会将 is_active 设置为 true。

• create_superuser ()方法将is_staff和is_active设置为 True。

• get_full_name ()返回用户的全名。

• get_short_name返回用户的名字。

4. 将自定义用户注册到setting.py

AUTH_USER_MODEL = appName.ClassName  

AUTH _USER_MODEL = MyUserModel.CustomUser  

python manage.py makemigrations  python manage.py migrate  

# Generated by Django 3.2.6 on 2021-08-09 19:55  from django.db import migrations, models  import django.utils.timezone  class Migration(migrations.Migration):      initial = True      dependencies = [          ('auth', '0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length'),      ]      operations = [          migrations.CreateModel(              name='CustomerUser',              fields=[                  ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),                  ('password', models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='password')),                  ('last_login', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='last login')),                  ('is_superuser', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates that this user has all permissions without explicitly assigning them.', verbose_name='superuser status')),                  ('email', models.EmailField(max_length=254, unique=True, verbose_name='email_address')),                  ('is_staff', models.BooleanField(default=False)),                  ('is_active', models.BooleanField(default=True)),  ('groups', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, help_text='The groups this user belongs to. A user will get all permissions granted to each of their groups.', related_name='user_set', related_query_name='user', to='auth.Group', verbose_name='groups')),                  ('user_permissions', models.ManyToManyField(blank=True, help_text='Specific permissions for this user.', related_name='user_set', related_query_name='user', to='auth.Permission', verbose_name='user permissions')),              ],              options={                  'abstract': False,              },          ),      ]  

5. 创建超级用户

python manage.py createsuperuser

Email address: [email protected]Password:Password (again):Superuser created successfully.

创建表单来存储用户信息

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm, UserChangeForm  from django.db.models import fields  from django import forms  from .models import CustomerUser  from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model  User = get_user_model()  class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):      password1 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)      password2 = forms.CharField(label='Confirm Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)      class Meta:          model = CustomerUser          fields = ('email', )      def clean_email(self):          email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')          qs = User.objects.filter(email=email)          if qs.exists():              raise forms.ValidationError("Email is taken")          return email      def clean(self):          '''          Verify both passwords match.          '''          cleaned_data = super().clean()          password1 = cleaned_data.get("password1")          password2 = cleaned_data.get("password2")          if password1 is not None and password1 != password2:              self.add_error("password2", "Your passwords must match")          return cleaned_data      def save(self, commit=True):          # Save the provided password in hashed format          user = super().save(commit=False)          user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])          if commit:              user.save()          return user          class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):      class Meta:          model = CustomerUser          fields = ('email', )      def clean_password(self):          # Regardless of what the user provides, return the initial value.          # This is done here, rather than on the field, because the          # field does not have access to the initial value          return self.initial["password1"]  

自定义管理面板

from django.contrib import admin  from django.contrib.auth import authenticate  from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin  # Register your models here.  class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):      add_form = CustomUserCreationForm      form = CustomUserChangeForm      model = CustomerUser      list_display = ('email', 'is_staff', 'is_active',)      list_filter = ('email', 'is_staff', 'is_active',)      fieldsets = (          (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}),          ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_staff', 'is_active')}),      )      add_fieldsets = (          (None, {              'classes': ('wide',),              'fields': ('email', 'password1', 'password2', 'is_staff', 'is_active')}          ),      )      search_fields = ('email',)      ordering = ('email',)      filter_horizontal = ()  admin.site.register(CustomerUser, CustomUserAdmin)  

创建一些用户后，管理面板将如下所示。

结论

 1

• 955 神仙公司名单
• Django教程-Django ORM 查询
• Django教程-如何使用 Django 上传图像