几个被淘汰的Python库，不要再用了！

1. Pathlib vs. OS 模块

from pathlib import Pathimport os.path
# 老方式two_dirs_up = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))# 新方式，可读性强two_dirs_up = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

readme = Path("README.md").resolve()
print(f"Absolute path: {readme.absolute()}")  # 绝对路径print(f"File name: {readme.name}")            # 文件名print(f"Path root: {readme.root}")            # 根路径print(f"Parent directory: {readme.parent}")   # 父目录print(f"File extension: {readme.suffix}")     # 文件后缀print(f"Is it absolute: {readme.is_absolute()}")  # 是否为绝对路径

etc = Path('/etc')
joined = etc / "cron.d" / "anacron"print(f"Exists? - {joined.exists()}")  # 查看路径是否存在

2. Secrets vs. OS 模块

import secrets
length = 64value = secrets.token_bytes(length)print(f"Bytes: {value}")
value = secrets.token_hex(length)print(f"Hex: {value}")

3. Zoneinfo vs. pytz

from datetime import datetimefrom zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
nyc = ZoneInfo("America/New_York")localized = datetime(2022, 6, 4, tzinfo=nyc)print(f"Datetime: {localized}, Timezone: {localized.tzname()}, TZ Info: {localized.tzinfo}")

这个改动对于时区处理来说无疑是个巨大提升，但要注意，如果系统没有时区数据，还得依赖tzdata包来补充。

4. Dataclasses vs. Namedtuple

from dataclasses import dataclass
@dataclassclass User:    name: str    surname: str    password: bytes
u = User("John", "Doe", b'secret')print(u)

5. 正确的日志记录 vs. print

import logginglogging.basicConfig(    filename='application.log',    level=logging.WARNING,    format='[%(asctime)s] {%(pathname)s:%(lineno)d} %(levelname)s - %(message)s',    datefmt='%H:%M:%S')
logging.error("Some serious error occurred.")logging.warning('Some warning.')

6. f-strings vs. format

name = "world"print(f"Hello, {name}!")

def func(tpl: str, param1: str, param2: str) -> str:    return tpl.format(param1=param1, param2=param2)
some_template = "First template: {param1}, {param2}"another_template = "Other template: {param1} and {param2}"print(func(some_template, "Hello", "World"))print(func(another_template, "Hello", "Python"))

7. Tomllib vs. tomli

import tomllib
with open("pyproject.toml", "rb") as f:    config = tomllib.load(f)    print(config)

总结

目前，对编程、职场感兴趣的同学，大家可以联系我微信：golang404，拉你进入“程序员交流群”。

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