一文读懂 Python 并发编程，附 PyCharm 调试秘籍！｜教程

import timedef make_burger(order_num):    print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")    time.sleep(5) # time for making the burger    print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")def main():    for i in range(3):        make_burger(i)if __name__ == "__main__":    s = time.perf_counter()    main()    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s    print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

Preparing burger #0...Burger made #0Preparing burger #1...Burger made #1Preparing burger #2...Burger made #2Orders completed in 15.01 seconds.

import asyncioimport timeasync def make_burger(order_num):    print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")    await asyncio.sleep(5) # time for making the burger    print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")async def main():    order_queue = []    for i in range(3):        order_queue.append(make_burger(i))    await asyncio.gather(*(order_queue))if __name__ == "__main__":    s = time.perf_counter()    asyncio.run(main())    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s    print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

Preparing burger #0...Preparing burger #1...Preparing burger #2...Burger made #0Burger made #1Burger made #2Orders completed in 5.00 seconds.

import asyncioimport timeorder_queue = asyncio.Queue()def take_order():  for i in range(3):      order_queue.put_nowait(make_burger(i))async def make_burger(order_num):  print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")  await asyncio.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger  print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")class Staff:  def __init__(self, name):      self.name = name  async def working(self):      while order_queue.qsize() > 0:          print(f"{self.name} is working...")          task = await order_queue.get()          await task          print(f"{self.name} finished a task...")async def main():  staff1 = Staff(name="John")  staff2 = Staff(name="Jane")  take_order()  await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())if __name__ == "__main__":  s = time.perf_counter()  asyncio.run(main())  elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s  print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

John is working...Preparing burger #0...Jane is working...Preparing burger #1...Burger made #0John finished a task...John is working...Preparing burger #2...Burger made #1Jane finished a task...Burger made #2John finished a task...Orders completed in 10.00 seconds.

import asyncioimport timetask_queue = asyncio.Queue()order_num = 0async def take_order():   global order_num   order_num += 1   print(f"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:")   burger_num = input("Number of burgers:")   for i in range(int(burger_num)):       await task_queue.put(make_burger(f"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}"))   fries_num = input("Number of fries:")   for i in range(int(fries_num)):       await task_queue.put(make_fries(f"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}"))   print(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.")   await task_queue.put(take_order())async def make_burger(order_num):   print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger   print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")async def make_fries(order_num):   print(f"Preparing fries #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(2)  # time for making fries   print(f"Fries made #{order_num}")class Staff:   def __init__(self, name):       self.name = name   async def working(self):       while True:           if task_queue.qsize() > 0:               print(f"{self.name} is working...")               task = await task_queue.get()               await task               print(f"{self.name} finish task...")           else:               await asyncio.sleep(1) #restasync def main():   task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())   staff1 = Staff(name="John")   staff2 = Staff(name="Jane")   await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())if __name__ == "__main__":   s = time.perf_counter()   asyncio.run(main())   elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s   print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

input("Number of burgers:")

await asyncio.to_thread(input, "Number of burgers:")

import asyncioimport timetask_queue = asyncio.Queue()order_num = 0async def take_order():   global order_num   order_num += 1   print(f"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:")   burger_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, "Number of burgers:")   for i in range(int(burger_num)):       await task_queue.put(make_burger(f"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}"))   fries_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, "Number of fries:")   for i in range(int(fries_num)):       await task_queue.put(make_fries(f"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}"))   print(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.")   await task_queue.put(take_order())async def make_burger(order_num):   print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger   print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")async def make_fries(order_num):   print(f"Preparing fries #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(2)  # time for making fries   print(f"Fries made #{order_num}")class Staff:   def __init__(self, name):       self.name = name   async def working(self):       while True:           if task_queue.qsize() > 0:               print(f"{self.name} is working...")               task = await task_queue.get()               await task               print(f"{self.name} finish task...")           else:               await asyncio.sleep(1) #restasync def main():   task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())   staff1 = Staff(name="John")   staff2 = Staff(name="Jane")   await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())if __name__ == "__main__":   s = time.perf_counter()   asyncio.run(main())   elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s   print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

import asyncioimport loggingimport timelogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)logging.basicConfig(filename='pyburger.log', level=logging.INFO)task_queue = asyncio.Queue()order_num = 0closing = Falseasync def take_order():   global order_num, closing   try:       order_num += 1       logger.info(f"Taking Order #{order_num:04d}...")       print(f"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:")       burger_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, "Number of burgers:")       for i in range(int(burger_num)):           await task_queue.put(make_burger(f"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}"))       fries_num = await asyncio.to_thread(input, "Number of fries:")       for i in range(int(fries_num)):           await task_queue.put(make_fries(f"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}"))       logger.info(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.")       print(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued, please wait.")       await task_queue.put(take_order())   except ValueError:       print("Goodbye!")       logger.info("Closing down... stop taking orders and finish all tasks.")       closing = Trueasync def make_burger(order_num):   logger.info(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger   logger.info(f"Burger made #{order_num}")async def make_fries(order_num):   logger.info(f"Preparing fries #{order_num}...")   await asyncio.sleep(2)  # time for making fries   logger.info(f"Fries made #{order_num}")class Staff:   def __init__(self, name):       self.name = name   async def working(self):       while True:           if task_queue.qsize() > 0:               logger.info(f"{self.name} is working...")               task = await task_queue.get()               await task               task_queue.task_done()               logger.info(f"{self.name} finish task.")           elif closing:               return           else:               await asyncio.sleep(1) #restasync def main():   global task_queue   task_queue.put_nowait(take_order())   staff1 = Staff(name="John")   staff2 = Staff(name="Jane")   print("Welcome to Pyburger!")   logger.info("Ready for business!")   await asyncio.gather(staff1.working(), staff2.working())   logger.info("All tasks finished. Closing now.")if __name__ == "__main__":   s = time.perf_counter()   asyncio.run(main())   elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s   logger.info(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

import asyncioimport timeasync def make_burger(order_num):    print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")    await asyncio.sleep(5) # time for making the burger    print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")async def main():    order_queue = []    for i in range(3):        order_queue.append(make_burger(i))    await asyncio.gather(*(order_queue))if __name__ == "__main__":    s = time.perf_counter()    asyncio.run(main())    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s    print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")```Instead of creating async coroutines to make the burgers, we can just send functions down different threads like this:```import threadingimport timedef make_burger(order_num):   print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")   time.sleep(5) # time for making the burger   print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")def main():   order_queue = []   for i in range(3):       task = threading.Thread(target=make_burger, args=(i,))       order_queue.append(task)       task.start()   for task in order_queue:       task.join()if __name__ == "__main__":   s = time.perf_counter()   main()   elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s   print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

import threadingimport timeorder_queue = []def take_order():   for i in range(3):       order_queue.append(make_burger(i))def make_burger(order_num):   def making_burger():       print(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")       time.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger       print(f"Burger made #{order_num}")   return making_burgerdef working():     while len(order_queue) > 0:         print(f"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...")         task = order_queue.pop(0)         task()         print(f"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...")def main():   take_order()   staff1 = threading.Thread(target=working, name="John")   staff1.start()   staff2 = threading.Thread(target=working, name="Jane")   staff2.start()   staff1.join()   staff2.join()if __name__ == "__main__": s = time.perf_counter() main() elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s print(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")

queue_lock = threading.Lock()

def working():   while True:       with queue_lock:           if len(order_queue) == 0:               return           else:               task = order_queue.pop(0)       print(f"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...")       task()       print(f"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...")```Based on what we have learned so far, we can complete our final code with threading like this:```import loggingimport threadingimport timelogger = logging.getLogger(__name__)logging.basicConfig(filename="pyburger_threads.log", level=logging.INFO)queue_lock = threading.Lock()task_queue = []order_num = 0closing = Falsedef take_order():   global order_num, closing   try:       order_num += 1       logger.info(f"Taking Order #{order_num:04d}...")       print(f"Order burger and fries for order #{order_num:04d}:")       burger_num = input("Number of burgers:")       for i in range(int(burger_num)):           with queue_lock:               task_queue.append(make_burger(f"{order_num:04d}-burger{i:02d}"))       fries_num = input("Number of fries:")       for i in range(int(fries_num)):           with queue_lock:               task_queue.append(make_fries(f"{order_num:04d}-fries{i:02d}"))       logger.info(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued.")       print(f"Order #{order_num:04d} queued, please wait.")       with queue_lock:           task_queue.append(take_order)   except ValueError:       print("Goodbye!")       logger.info("Closing down... stop taking orders and finish all tasks.")       closing = Truedef make_burger(order_num):   def making_burger():       logger.info(f"Preparing burger #{order_num}...")       time.sleep(5)  # time for making the burger       logger.info(f"Burger made #{order_num}")   return making_burgerdef make_fries(order_num):   def making_fries():       logger.info(f"Preparing fried #{order_num}...")       time.sleep(2)  # time for making fries       logger.info(f"Fries made #{order_num}")   return making_friesdef working():   while True:       with queue_lock:           if len(task_queue) == 0:               if closing:                   return               else:                   task = None           else:               task = task_queue.pop(0)       if task:           logger.info(f"{threading.current_thread().name} is working...")           task()           logger.info(f"{threading.current_thread().name} finish task...")       else:           time.sleep(1)  # restdef main():   print("Welcome to Pyburger!")   logger.info("Ready for business!")   task_queue.append(take_order)   staff1 = threading.Thread(target=working, name="John")   staff1.start()   staff2 = threading.Thread(target=working, name="Jane")   staff2.start()   staff1.join()   staff2.join()   logger.info("All tasks finished. Closing now.")if __name__ == "__main__":   s = time.perf_counter()   main()   elapsed = time.perf_counter() - s   logger.info(f"Orders completed in {elapsed:0.2f} seconds.")