历史书上朱元璋告别“鞋拔子脸”？几代人的记忆被刷新
双语君约 3 分钟12月7日，有媒体报道历史课本上明太祖照片换了，几代人的记忆被刷新！
History textbooks in China have updated the portrait of Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The familiar "shoehorn-faced" depiction has been replaced with a fuller, more balanced and dignified image, prompting many netizens to remark that "a childhood memory has been refreshed".
记者查看人教社官网发现，朱元璋在历史书上“换脸”已经很多年了。2019年人民教育出版社出版的普通高中教科书《中外历史纲要（上）》中，朱元璋就已告别“鞋拔子脸”。
2019版人教社教材
在人教社官方网站上，2024年版的初中历史教科书（七下）中朱元璋也已替换。
The change is not recent. According to the People's Education Press, the updated portrait has appeared in textbooks since 2019, and the 2024 grade 7 edition continues to use it.
A lecture by the Palace Museum notes that Zhu's portraits historically existed in multiple forms. Qing scholar Hu Jing documented twelve versions, typically divided into two categories: zhengxing ("standard") portraits, featuring a broad forehead and composed expression, and yixing ("unusual") portraits, marked by a protruding jaw, an elongated face, and numerous moles. Examples of both types are preserved in museums in Beijing and Taipei, Taiwan.
文中还显示，关于朱元璋真实形象的记载，有不同说法。《蓬轩类记》记载：“高皇尝集画工传写御容，多不称旨。……一工探知上意，稍于形似之外，加穆穆之容以进，上览之，甚喜。”有可能朱元璋出于安全考虑，不欲令人知晓真实样貌，另一种说法是朱元璋是通过起义夺得皇位，为彰显政权合法性，特地将自己形象塑造成奇人异相。
朱元璋的异形像之所以在民间流播甚广，其主要原因在于朱元璋贵为九五之尊，民间往往将其神化，容易满足普通民众对皇帝的神秘心理，再加上朱元璋本人对其异形像推波助澜，因而自明代洪武年间直到清代，关于朱元璋的异形像就大行其道。
Historical records also differ on Zhu's actual appearance. Some scholars argue he concealed his true looks for security reasons, while others believe he promoted an "unusual" image to enhance the mystique and legitimacy of a ruler who rose from rebellion.
Elevated to near-mythic status in the public imagination, and with Zhu himself encouraging certain portrayals, these depictions spread widely from the Hongwu period (1368–1398) of the Ming Dynasty through to the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911).
跟着China Daily
精读英语新闻
“无痛”学英语，每天20分钟就够！
↓↓↓
推 荐 阅 读