姜有多健康？

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true about ginger's effect on nausea?

A. It completely eliminates vomiting in chemotherapy patients.

B. It works by blocking all chemical messengers in the brain.

C. It reduces the severity of nausea in both pregnancy and chemotherapy.

D. It is more effective when taken as fresh ginger rather than supplements.

无注释原文：

How Healthy Is Ginger?

From: The New York Times

Ginger adds a zesty kick to weeknight curries and holiday cookies. It's also a botanical remedy with a range of health benefits.

It can ease nausea.

Ginger has been used for millenniums to target a multitude of issues: colds, headaches, stomach problems, joint pain, muscle soreness and fatigue. It's particularly popular in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine as a warming spice to stimulate digestion, improve circulation and contribute to overall vitality. Some of these remedies have been studied in labs, to a varying degree.

One of the most evidence-backed uses of ginger is to treat nausea, said Dr. Kalgi Modi, an interventional cardiologist at Louisiana State University Health who provides guidance on using ginger for therapeutic purposes. Ginger contains over 400 chemical compounds, but the anti-nausea effect primarily stems from two — gingerol and shogaol — which give the plant its pungency. This duo appears to block certain chemical messengers in the gut and brain that trigger nausea and vomiting, and improve digestion by speeding up the rate at which food leaves the stomach.

Studies have mainly focused on nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy and chemotherapy. Research suggests that ginger can significantly cut down on the intensity of the nausea in both cases, and may reduce the frequency of vomiting in the latter.

Most studies use ginger supplements — capsules, tablets, powders or extracts — because the dosing and concentrations of their active compounds are more consistent compared with fresh ginger. But experts said it's possible that all forms can be beneficial.

Dr. Zhaoping Li, the chief of the division of clinical nutrition at U.C.L.A. Health, recommends sipping ginger tea, trying supplements or sucking on ginger candies if you can't keep down liquids.

It may relieve pain.

Research suggests that ginger can help reduce the inflammation that drives pain, Dr. Crichton said. Early data shows the potential for ginger to be particularly effective for those dealing with knee pain from osteoarthritis and menstrual pain.

If you have a headache or period cramps, you could try drinking fresh ginger juice mixed with water and a bit of honey, or steep ginger slices in your tea, Dr. Modi suggested. But she stressed that ginger should be used in a supporting role, not as a replacement for medical treatment.

It boosts general health, too.

On top of alleviating aches and an upset stomach, ginger can benefit you in other ways.

Dr. Modi considers ginger a “medical root” because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help keep cells healthy and support the immune system. Evidence also suggests ginger may improve blood sugar control and keep blood pressure in check, Dr. Crichton said.

Because it's consumed in relatively small quantities, ginger isn't a standout source of any vitamins or minerals. But it does contain moderate amounts of magnesium, potassium and vitamins C and B6.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How Healthy Is Ginger?

From: The New York Times

Ginger adds a zesty kick to weeknight curries and holiday cookies. It's also a botanical remedy with a range of health benefits.

生姜能为工作日的咖喱和节日饼干增添爽口的辣味。它同时也是一种具有多种健康功效的植物药材。

zesty /ˈzes.ti/ 1）表示“有滋味的；美味的”，英文解释为“full of flavour”如：a zesty tomato sauce 有滋有味的西红柿酱。

2）表示“精力旺盛的；热情的”，英文解释为“full of energy and enthusiasm”如：a zesty new musical 一场活力四射的新音乐剧。

kick /kɪk/  作动词，表示“踢，踹”，英文解释为“to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and legs suddenly and violently”举个🌰：I kicked the ball as hard as I could. 我用尽全力踢球。

作名词，1）表示“极度刺激；极度兴奋；极大的乐趣”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of excitement and pleasure”举个🌰：He gets his kicks from hurting other people. 他以伤害他人为乐。

2）表示“（毒品或酒精的）效力，刺激性”，英文解释为“the strong effect that a drug or an alcoholic drink has”举个🌰：This drink has quite a kick. 这酒的劲相当大。

botanical /bəˈtæn.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“植物（学）的；和植物（学）有关的”，英文解释为“involving or relating to plants or the study of plants”如：a botanical print 植物图片；作名词，表示“植物性药材”，英文解释为“a plant used as medicine or to give flavour to a drink”举个🌰：There are over 100 botanicals that can be used in gin. 有100多种植物可用于杜松子酒中。

It can ease nausea.

生姜能缓解恶心。

nausea /ˈnɔːzɪə, -sɪə/ 表示“恶心，呕吐感”，英文解释为“the feeling that you have when you think you are going to vomit (= bring food up from your stomach through your mouth)”

类似的：

📍sickness表示“恶心；呕吐”，英文解释为“the feeling that you are about to bring up food from your stomach, or the act of bringing food up”

Ginger has been used for millenniums to target a multitude of issues: colds, headaches, stomach problems, joint pain, muscle soreness and fatigue. It's particularly popular in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine as a warming spice to stimulate digestion, improve circulation and contribute to overall vitality. Some of these remedies have been studied in labs, to a varying degree.

数千年来，生姜一直被用于解决多种健康问题：感冒、头痛、胃部不适、关节痛、肌肉酸痛和疲劳。在阿育吠陀和传统中医药中，它作为一种温热香料特别受欢迎，用以促进消化、改善血液循环并提升整体活力。其中一些疗法已在实验室中得到了不同程度的研究。

millennium /mɪˈlen.i.əm/ 表示“一千年，千周年；千周年纪念日”，英文解释为“a period of 1,000 years, or the time when a period of 1,000 years ends”举个🌰：The corpse had lain preserved in the soil for almost two millennia. 那具尸体在地下保存了近两千年。

the millennium /mɪˈlen.i.əm/ 表示“（2000年初）千禧新年”，英文解释为“the beginning of a new millennium in the year 2000”举个🌰：How did you celebrate the millennium? 你们是怎么庆祝新千年的？

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ 表示“疲劳；劳累”，英文解释为“a feeling of being extremely tired, usually because of hard work or exercise”如：physical and mental fatigue 身体和精神的疲劳。

stimulate /ˈstɪm.jə.leɪt/ 1）表示“刺激，使兴奋；使感兴趣”，英文解释为“to make someone excited and interested about something”举个🌰：The show was intended to stimulate and amuse. 这部电影的主要目的是助兴和娱乐。

2）表示“激发，激励；促进”，英文解释为“to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active”

3）表示“促进（身体某部位）的功能”，英文解释为“to cause part of the body to operate”举个🌰：The drugs stimulate the damaged tissue into repairing itself. 药物促使受损的组织自行修复。

digestion /daɪˈdʒes.tʃən/ 表示“消化；消化能力”，英文解释为“the process by which your body digests food, or your ability to digest food”举个🌰：Discover how eating raw food helps balance your body and aids digestion. 弄清楚为什么生吃食物有助于身体的营养平衡并能促进消化。

One of the most evidence-backed uses of ginger is to treat nausea, said Dr. Kalgi Modi, an interventional cardiologist at Louisiana State University Health who provides guidance on using ginger for therapeutic purposes. Ginger contains over 400 chemical compounds, but the anti-nausea effect primarily stems from two — gingerol and shogaol — which give the plant its pungency. This duo appears to block certain chemical messengers in the gut and brain that trigger nausea and vomiting, and improve digestion by speeding up the rate at which food leaves the stomach.

路易斯安那州立大学健康中心的介入性心脏病专家卡尔吉·莫迪博士表示，生姜最有科学依据的用途之一就是治疗恶心，她曾就生姜的医疗用途提供指导。生姜含有400多种化学化合物，但抗恶心效果主要源于其中的两种成分——姜辣素和姜烯酮，它们也正是生姜辛辣味的来源。这对“组合”似乎能够阻断肠道和大脑中触发恶心与呕吐的某些化学信使，并通过加快食物离开胃部的速度来改善消化。

cardiologist /ˌkɑː.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“心脏病专家”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the heart”

therapeutic /ˌθɛrəˈpjuːtɪk/ 1）表示“治疗的；医疗的；治病的”，英文解释为“designed to help treat an illness”，如：the therapeutic properties of herbs 草药的医疗效用；

2）表示“有助于放松精神的；有益于健康的”，英文解释为“helping you to relax”举个🌰：Painting can be very therapeutic. 绘画可以使人很放松。

compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ 作名词，1）表示“化合物，复合物，混合物”，英文解释为“a chemical that combines two or more elements”举个🌰：Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 盐是钠和氯的化合物。

2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。

作形容词，表示“复合的”，英文解释为“consisting of two or more parts”或者表示“（利息）以复利计算的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a system of paying interest in which interest is paid both on the original amount of money invested (= given to companies hoping to get more back) or borrowed and on the interest that has collected over a period of time”如：compound interest 复利。

stem from sth 表示“源自；由…造成”，英文解释为“to start or develop as the result of something”举个🌰：Her problems stem from her difficult childhood. 她的问题主要是由艰难的童年生活造成的。

pungency /ˈpʌn.dʒən.si/ 1）表示“（气味的）刺鼻；（味道的）强烈”，英文解释为“the quality of having a sharp strong smell or taste”举个🌰：The cheeses vary in pungency. 奶酪的浓烈程度各不相同。

2）表示“（语言的）辛辣，尖刻”，英文解释为“the quality of being spoken or written in a way that has a strong effect”举个🌰：Critics admired the pungency of his style. 评论家们钦佩他言辞犀利的风格。

vomit /ˈvɒm.ɪt/ 表示“呕吐”，英文解释为“to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth”举个🌰：He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor. 他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。

Studies have mainly focused on nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy and chemotherapy. Research suggests that ginger can significantly cut down on the intensity of the nausea in both cases, and may reduce the frequency of vomiting in the latter.

相关研究主要集中在与怀孕及化疗相关的恶心和呕吐上。研究表明，在这两种情况下，生姜都能显著降低恶心的剧烈程度，而针对化疗还可能减少呕吐的频率。

chemotherapy /ˌkiː.məʊˈθer.ə.pi/ 表示“化学疗法，化疗”，英文解释为“the treatment of diseases using chemicals”举个🌰：Chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of cancer. 化疗常用于治疗癌症。

📍词根“chemo-”来自希腊语“chemia”，意味着“化学”，“-therapy”来自“therapeia”，意味着“治疗”。整体表示使用化学药物进行的“治疗”。近义词：drug treatment（药物治疗），同根词：chemical（化学的），常用短语：undergo chemotherapy（接受化疗）

Most studies use ginger supplements — capsules, tablets, powders or extracts — because the dosing and concentrations of their active compounds are more consistent compared with fresh ginger. But experts said it's possible that all forms can be beneficial.

大多数研究使用的是生姜补充剂——胶囊、片剂、粉末或提取物——因为与新鲜生姜相比，它们的活性成分剂量和浓度更为稳定。但专家表示，所有形式的生姜都可能是有益的。

capsule /ˈkæp.sjuːl/ 1）表示“（装药物的）胶囊”，英文解释为“a small container which has a measured amount of a medicine inside and which dissolves when you swallow it”

2）表示“（装物或装液体的）小塑料容器”，英文解释为“a small plastic container with a substance or liquid inside”

3）表示“太空舱；航天舱”，英文解释为“the part of a spacecraft in which people travel and that often separates from the main rocket”

📍the return capsule / re-entry capsule 返回舱。

tablet /ˈtæb.lət/ 表示“药片”，英文解释为“a small, solid piece of medicine”如：a sleeping tablet 一片安眠药，a vitamin tablet 一片维生素。

powder /ˈpaʊ.dər/ 1）表示“粉，粉末”，英文解释为“a loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces, usually made by breaking something up and crushing it”如：curry/chilli powder 咖哩/辣椒粉。

2）等于gunpowder，gunpowder /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊ.dər/ 表示“火药”，英文解释为“an explosive mixture of substances in the form of a powder, used for making explosive devices and fireworks”

extract /ɪkˈstrækt/ 作动词，表示“取出；拔出；提取”，英文解释为“to remove or take out something”举个🌰：The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking. 这种橄揽油是用于烹饪的。

作名词，1）表示“摘录；选段；引文”，英文解释为“a particular part of a book, poem, etc. that is chosen so that it can be used in a discussion, article, etc.”举个🌰：They published an extract from his autobiography. 他们刊登了他自传的一个片断。

2）表示“（尤指食物或药物的）提出物，精华，汁”，英文解释为“a substance taken from a plant, flower, etc. and used especially in food or medicine”如：malt/yeast extract 麦芽精/酵母膏。

dose /dəʊs/ 1）表示“一剂”（a measured amount of something such as medicine），如：a dose of penicillin 一剂青霉素；

2）表示“一些（糟糕或不愉快的事）”，英文解释为“an amount or experience of something, often something bad or unpleasant”举个🌰：He received a hefty dose of bad news this week. 本周他得到了许多坏消息。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述谷歌的文章中提到：The first route would involve taking a strong dose of managerial medicine to become a more tightly run conglomerate. 第一种解决方法是给它服用一剂管理上的强效药，让它成为管理更严格的企业集团。

concentration /ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ 除了表示我们平常熟悉的“专注、专心；关注、重视；集中、聚集”等，还可以表示“浓度”，英文解释为“the exact amount of one particular substance that is found in another substance”举个🌰：High concentrations of toxic elements were found in the polluted areas. 在被污染地区发现了高浓度的有毒元素。

Dr. Zhaoping Li, the chief of the division of clinical nutrition at U.C.L.A. Health, recommends sipping ginger tea, trying supplements or sucking on ginger candies if you can't keep down liquids.

加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心临床营养学部主任李兆萍博士建议，如果液体很难喝得下去，可以尝试啜饮生姜茶、使用补充剂或含服姜糖。

sip /sɪp/ 作名词，表示“一小口（饮料）”，英文解释为“a very small amount of a drink that you take into your mouth”如：to have/take a sip of water 喝一小口水。

作动词，表示“呷，啜”，英文解释为“to drink, taking only a very small amount at a time”举个🌰：This tea is very hot, so sip it carefully. 这茶很烫，喝的时候小心点。

keep sth down表示“吃（或喝）下东西（而不吐）”，英文解释为“to be able to eat or drink something without vomiting”举个🌰：On the day after her operation she couldn't keep anything down. 手术的第二天，她吃什么都吐。

It may relieve pain.

生姜可能可以缓解疼痛。

Research suggests that ginger can help reduce the inflammation that drives pain, Dr. Crichton said. Early data shows the potential for ginger to be particularly effective for those dealing with knee pain from osteoarthritis and menstrual pain.

克赖顿表示，研究表明生姜有助于减轻引发疼痛的炎症反应。早期数据表明，生姜对于应对骨关节炎引起的膝盖疼痛以及经痛可能特别有效。

inflammation /ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“炎（症）”，英文解释为“a red, painful, and often swollen area in or on a part of your body”举个🌰：Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation. 阿司匹林可缓解疼痛和炎症。

If you have a headache or period cramps, you could try drinking fresh ginger juice mixed with water and a bit of honey, or steep ginger slices in your tea, Dr. Modi suggested. But she stressed that ginger should be used in a supporting role, not as a replacement for medical treatment.

莫迪建议，如果你头痛或经痛，可以尝试饮用新鲜生姜汁混合水和少量蜂蜜，或者在茶里泡上姜片。但她强调，生姜应该起到辅助作用，而不是替代药物治疗。

Period cramps就是中文里的“痛经”。cramp /kræmp/表示“痉挛，抽筋（常出现在大量运动后）”，英文解释为“a sudden painful tightening in a muscle, often after a lot of exercise, that limits movement”举个🌰：Several runners needed treatment for cramp and exhaustion. 有几个跑步者因为抽筋和体力衰竭需要治疗。

📍女航天员在太空来例假了怎么办？文中提到 cramps 复数，可以直接表示“（女性经期的）腹绞痛”，英文解释为“pains in the lower stomach caused by a woman's period”

steep /stiːp/ 作形容词，1）表示“（上升或下降）急剧的，大起大落的”，英文解释为“A steep rise or fall is one that goes very quickly from low to high or from high to low.”举个🌰：There has been a steep increase/rise in prices. 物价飞涨。

2）表示“（斜坡）陡的，陡峭的”，英文解释为“(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle”如：a steep slope 陡坡。

3）表示“（尤指价格）过高的，高得离谱的”，英文解释为“(especially of prices) too much, or more than is reasonable”举个🌰：We enjoyed our meal at the restaurant, but the bill was a bit steep. 我们喜欢这家餐厅的饭菜，但价格高得有点儿离谱了。

作动词，steep /stiːp/ 表示“（尤指为软化、清洁或入味）浸，浸泡”，英文解释为“to cause to stay in a liquid, especially in order to become soft or clean, or to improve flavour”举个🌰：Leave the cloth to steep in the dye overnight. 把布放进染料里浸一夜。

It boosts general health, too.

生姜还能促进整体健康。

On top of alleviating aches and an upset stomach, ginger can benefit you in other ways.

除了缓解疼痛和胃部不适，生姜还能在其他方面让你受益。

alleviate /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ 表示“减轻；缓和，缓解”，英文解释为“to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe”举个🌰：The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛/痛苦没有丝毫作用。

📍产业扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development of local industries；生态扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development and conservation of local ecological resources；

Dr. Modi considers ginger a “medical root” because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help keep cells healthy and support the immune system. Evidence also suggests ginger may improve blood sugar control and keep blood pressure in check, Dr. Crichton said.

莫迪将生姜视为一种“药用根茎”，因为它具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，这有助于保持细胞健康并支持免疫系统。克赖顿表示，证据还表明生姜可能会改善血糖控制并稳定血压。

antioxidant /ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt/ 表示“抗氧化剂，阻氧化剂，防老（化）剂”，英文解释为“a substance that slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization”

immune system /ɪˈmjuːn ˌsɪs.təm/ 表示“免疫系统”，英文解释为“the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to protect itself against infection”

Because it's consumed in relatively small quantities, ginger isn't a standout source of any vitamins or minerals. But it does contain moderate amounts of magnesium, potassium and vitamins C and B6.

由于通常食用量较小，生姜并不是任何维生素或矿物质的突出来源。但它确实含有适量的镁、钾以及维生素C和B6。

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