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这种伤腰的凳子,很多人天天都在用,网友:坐了20年小板凳的我轻轻碎了……

你的家里是不是也有一两张小凳子?换鞋时坐一坐,择菜、剥豆时顺手拉过来……

它轻便、不占地方,用得顺手。可很多人没留意,正是这个“家常好物”,如果坐久了,可能会渐渐伤到腰。

Prolonged use of low stools can put strain on the lower back, a risk experts say is easy to overlook.

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小板凳伤腰吗?

“答案是肯定的,小板凳坐久了确实伤腰。”华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院骨科副主任医师欧阳柳说。

小板凳通常比较矮,人坐在上面时,膝盖往往会高于髋部,骨盆会不自觉地向后倾,腰背也跟着弯下来、向前探出去。人体腰椎本身有一个向前的生理曲度,而坐得过低、身体前倾时,这个自然的弧度会被反向挤压、逐渐变直甚至后凸,椎间盘和腰背肌肉承受的压力随之骤增。

Ouyang Liu, associate chief physician of orthopedics at the Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, Hubei province, explained that low stools are usually short, so when people sit on them, their knees often rise above their hips. The pelvis then tilts backward, while the lower back rounds and leans forward.

从压力数据来看,坐着时脊柱本就承载约150%的压力,若身体前倾或弯腰,脊柱则需承载高达250%的压力。坐矮凳时,双腿大幅弯曲,腰部被迫塌陷,整个上半身的重量都会集中压在腰椎上。时间长了,容易出现腰肌劳损、腰背部肌肉疲劳,椎间盘负担也会加重。

Spinal pressure data help explain the strain. Sitting already puts about 150 percent of the load on the spine compared with standing. When the body leans forward or bends, the load can rise to as much as 250 percent. On a low stool, the legs are sharply bent and the lower back is forced into a flexed position, concentrating the weight of the upper body on the lumbar spine. Over time, this can lead to lumbar muscle strain, fatigue in the back muscles and increased stress on the intervertebral discs.

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此外,小板凳不仅伤腰,还会给髋关节和膝关节增加负担。起身时,膝盖需要使出更大的力气才能把身体顶起来。对老年人来说,长期坐矮板凳还可能增加摔倒风险。

有靠背的板凳伤腰吗?

“有靠背的板凳会好一点,但好得不多。”欧阳柳说。

有靠背的矮凳确实能给腰背部一个支撑,帮助维持姿势稳定。椅子因为有靠背,可以承担躯体的部分重力,使腰背肌肉处于相对松弛的状态,降低劳损概率。

但关键问题在于:如果凳子本身坐面过低,靠背的存在并不能改变“膝盖高于髋部、骨盆后倾”这个根本问题。坐面过低时,腰椎生理曲度依然被破坏,伤腰的风险依然存在。因此,有靠背但高度过低的板凳,同样不推荐长时间使用。

A low stool with a backrest does provide some support and can help stabilize posture. A backrest can support part of the upper body's weight, allowing the back muscles to relax and reducing the risk of strain. However, if the seat itself is too low, a backrest cannot correct the underlying problem of the knees sitting higher than the hips and the pelvis tilting backward. For this reason, low stools with backrests are also not recommended for prolonged use.

应该坐什么样的板凳?

一把理想的护腰椅,应满足以下标准:

▌高度合适——双脚能踩实

坐下后,双脚能平稳地放在地面上,不悬空;大腿接近水平,膝关节自然弯曲,髋部略高于或接近膝盖。理想状态下,大腿与地面平行,髋、膝关节呈约90°。

An ideal back-friendly chair should be at an appropriate height, allowing both feet to rest firmly on the floor without dangling, with the thighs roughly horizontal and the hips and knees at about a 90-degree angle. 

▌有靠背——腰背有支撑

椅背最好有一定倾斜度(约95°~105°),局部有支撑时,腰椎间盘内压力最小。如果椅子的腰托不合适、腰部悬空,可以在腰后垫一个厚度适中的靠枕或卷起的毛巾。

▌椅面稳固——臀部有托付

椅面不能太窄、太短,也不能明显倾斜或晃动。坐下后,臀部和大腿要能获得充分、稳定的支撑。

The backrest should recline at roughly 95 to 105 degrees. A cushion can be added if the lumbar support feels uncomfortable. The seat should be stable, neither too narrow nor too short, and should not wobble, so it can firmly support the buttocks and thighs.

▌定时起身

即便坐姿再标准,久坐也会让腰部肌肉僵硬。建议遵循“30~45分钟起身原则” ,每坐一段时间就站起来走动、拉伸一下。

腰不舒服时

在家可以怎么缓解?

❶ 局部热敷

用40~45℃的热水袋或热毛巾敷在腰部,每次15~20分钟,每天2~3次,可以促进血液循环、缓解肌肉紧张和痉挛。

❷ 仰卧放松

采取仰卧位平躺,在膝盖下方垫一个薄枕头,让髋关节和膝关节自然弯曲。这个姿势能放松腰部肌肉,降低腰椎间盘的压力。

❸ 温和拉伸

伸腰练习:直立,双手扶腰,缓慢做后伸动作,重复8~10次。

抱膝拉伸:仰卧位,双腿交替缓慢屈膝抱向胸口,感受腰部后侧的拉伸,保持5秒后放下,换腿重复。

❹ 起身借力

起身时双脚微微后收,身体重心前移,依靠腿部力量站起,而不是腰部扭转发力。腰痛明显时,可手扶桌面或膝盖借力。

温馨提示,以上方法适用于轻度腰部不适的缓解。如果腰痛持续不缓解、伴有腿部麻木疼痛、出现大小便异常等情况,请及时就医。

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你经常坐板凳吗?快来分享给家里有板凳的亲人朋友吧!

来源:江苏共青团 湖北日报 杭州日报

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