“亲亲”是什么意思?中秋节读懂几个词
又是一年中秋月圆。
同一轮明月,照见归途,也照见远方
无论相隔多远,中国人总能在同一轮明月下找到共同的情绪。
中秋的“圆”,从来不只是月亮的形状。它连接着人与天地、人与亲人、人与他人,也连接着今天与来处。
这份绵延千年的中秋情感,可以从四个词说起。
壹 · 天地
天人合一
古人观察月相变化,以月的圆缺感受时间流转。中秋正值秋意渐浓、月色澄明之时,人们由天象想到人事,由月圆想到团圆。
“海上生明月,天涯共此时。”
—— 张九龄《望月怀远》
月亮原本是自然景象,却因为人的凝望而被赋予了情感。身处天涯的人未必能同坐一桌,却能在同一片月光下感知彼此。
月光落在水面,也落在人心
今天,我们或许被繁忙的日程和屏幕中的信息流包围,很少认真抬头看天。
中秋提供了一次短暂的停顿:关掉消息提醒,走到窗边,与家人看一会儿月亮。
人与自然重新相遇,也是在繁忙生活中重新安放自己。
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天人合一
Heaven and man are united as one
一种认为天地人相通的世界观和思维方式。这种世界观旨在强调天地和人之间的整体性和内在联系,突出了天对于人或人事的根源性意义,表现了人在与天的联系中寻求生命、秩序与价值基础的努力。“天人合一”在历史上有不同的表现方式,如天人同类、同气或者同理等。如孟子(前372?—前289)认为通过心的反思可以知性、知天,强调心、性和天之间的统一。宋儒寻求天理、人性和人心之间的相通。老子则主张“人法地,地法天,天法道”。根据对天和人理解的不同,“天人合一”也会具有不同的意义。
The term represents a world outlook and a way of thinking which hold that heaven and earth and man are interconnected. This world outlook emphasizes the integration and inherent relationship between heaven, earth, and man. It highlights the fundamental significance of nature to man or human affairs, and describes the endeavor made by man to pursue life, order, and values through interaction with nature. The term has different ways of expression in history, such as heaven and man are of the same category, sharing the same vital energy, or sharing the same principles. Mencius (372?–289 BC), for one, believed that through mental reflection one could gain understanding of human nature and heaven, emphasizing the unity of mind, human nature, and heaven. Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty sought to connect the principles of heaven, human nature, and the human mind. Laozi maintained that "man's law is earthly, earth's law is natural, and heaven's law is dao". Depending on a different understanding of heaven and man, the term may have different meanings.
引例
以类合之,天人一也。
——董仲舒《春秋繁露·阴阳义》
(以事类相合来看,天与人是一体的。)
In terms of integration of categories, heaven and man are one. (Dong Zhongshu: Luxuriant Gems of The Spring and Autumn Annals)
来源:中华思想文化术语传播网
贰 · 亲情
亲亲
“亲亲”意为亲爱自己的亲人,尤其是父母。它既是一种自然情感,也强调把这种情感落实到言语和行动中。
“亲亲,仁也;敬长,义也。”
——《孟子·尽心上》
我们总以为家人之间不必多说,惦念不必表达。然而,越是亲近的人,越容易被一句“改天再聊”留在等待里。
亲情落在日常,关心藏在细节
有人赶几百公里回家,只为吃一顿并不奢华的晚饭;有人不能返乡,便教父母使用视频通话;还有人记得家人的口味,把甜月饼换成低糖款,把自己的关心藏进一个小小的细节里。
这些看似普通的行动,正是“亲亲”的当代表达。
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亲亲
Affection for one's kin
爱亲人,尤其是爱父母。“亲亲”既指一种自然的情感,同时也指这种情感在言行上的表现。儒家主张,应将对父母、对亲人的亲爱之情,推及他人,使之成为仁德的基础。但是,过度的“亲亲”,会导致行事上的偏私。因此,儒家提出了以“义”克服“亲亲”可能存在的局限。
This term refers to love for one's kin and particularly for one's parents. It is a natural affection, and it also refers to the way in which such feeling is expressed. Confucianism holds that such a love should also be extended to others so that it will foster public virtue. Excessive affection for one's kin, however, can lead to favoritism in one's conduct. So righteousness is proposed by Confucianism as a means to curb excessive love for one's kin.
引例
亲亲,仁也;敬长,义也。无他,达之天下也。
——《孟子·尽心上》
(亲爱父母,是仁;尊敬兄长,是义。行善没有其他要求,就是将亲亲、敬长推之于天下之人。)
To love one's parents is benevolent; to hold one's elder brothers in reverence is righteous. Fostering virtue requires nothing but extending one's love for his kin to all the people in the world. (Mencius)
来源:中华思想文化术语传播
叁 · 相处
和而不同
一场家庭聚会,常常也是差异最集中的地方。
有人喜欢五仁,有人只吃流心奶黄;有人催着添饭,有人正在控制饮食;长辈关心婚恋和工作,年轻人更希望自己的生活选择得到尊重。
真正的团圆,并不意味着每个人都要遵循同一种生活方式、接受同一种答案。
“君子和而不同,小人同而不和。”
——《论语·子路》
家真正的温度,来自每个人都能安心做自己。
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和而不同
Harmony but not uniformity
在尊重事物差异性和多样性的基础上实现整体的和谐共存。“同”与“和”是对待、安顿社会群体的两种态度。“同”指对事物差异性的抹杀,“和”则意味着对事物差异性的保存与尊重。不同的事物彼此间相互辅助、补充,才能组成一个充满生机、富于创造性的和谐整体。
The term means achieving overall harmonious co-existence on the basis of respecting differences and diversity. Uniformity and harmony are two different attitudes to treating and accommodating social groups. Uniformity means obliterating differences in everything while harmony is to keep and respect the differences. Allowing different things to complement and supplement each other will create a harmonious whole full of vitality and creativity.
引例
君子和而不同,小人同而不和。
——《论语·子路》
(君子与人和谐相处却不会盲目附和,小人盲目附和而不能真正和谐相处。)
A man of virtue pursues harmony but does not seek uniformity; a petty man seeks uniformity but does not pursue harmony. (The Analects)
来源:中华思想文化术语传播网
肆 · 来处
慎终追远
“慎终追远”原指慎重对待丧事、追念远去的先人。曾子认为,这种对逝者的郑重怀念,可以使人情归于敦厚。
中秋的餐桌上,有时会出现这样的瞬间:长辈讲起从前的生活,孩子第一次听见祖辈的故事;一道熟悉的菜被端上桌,人们忽然想起那个曾经掌勺、如今已不在场的人。
“慎终追远,民德归厚矣。”
——《论语·学而》
有些团圆,是相聚;有些团圆,是记得。
记住来处,也把爱带往下一代
月光年年照临不同的人,而记忆让一代代人的生命彼此相连。
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慎终追远
Mourn the deceased and memorialize those long gone
慎重地对待丧事、追念逝去的先人。曾子(前505—前436)主张以“慎终追远”的态度对待逝者。随着逝者的远去,人们容易逐渐淡忘其存在及其对自己的关爱与影响。“慎终”即要求人们慎重地遵行丧礼的仪节,表达对逝者的真挚哀悼。“追远”则要求人们依礼祭祀逝者,以缅怀其恩情及其德行、功业。曾子认为,“慎终追远”的做法有助于敦厚人情。
This term means to hold obsequies in a proper way and cherish the memory of those long deceased. This is what Zengzi (505–436 BC) believed one should do toward the deceased. As someone passed away, with the passage of time, people close to him would forget the care and love shown to them by the deceased. So people should follow due procedures at a funeral to express their grief over the deceased and memorialize the altruism, virtue and achievement of the dead even long after his death. Zengzi believed this would increase care and love among the people.
引例
曾子曰:“慎终追远,民德归厚矣。”
——《论语·学而》
(曾子说:“慎重地对待丧事、追念逝去的先人,百姓就会归于敦厚真诚了。”)
Zengzi said, "When holding obsequies in a proper way and deeply remembering those who have long gone, people will become honest and sincere." (The Analects)
来源:中华思想文化术语传播网
花好月圆夜,愿这一轮明月照见归途,也照见远方;照见围坐一桌的欢喜,也照见每一份未曾说出口的思念。
今年中秋,你最想和谁一起看月亮?
来源:外研社
配图为 AI 生成,仅用于本文视觉表达。
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