女子吃自助餐连续2小时暴饮暴食，急诊开腹取出3斤残渣……医生提醒
双语君约 5 分钟每逢国庆，市民出游出行增多，宴席聚餐也接踵而至。
据都市快报，记者从浙江大学医学院附属第二医院急诊医学科副主任医师卢骁处了解到，一到节假日，急诊科接诊的消化道不适患者便会明显增多。
Emergency departments see a marked increase in patients with digestive problems during holidays, and doctors are warning that overeating and heavy drinking can trigger serious, potentially life-threatening conditions.
卢骁介绍，来急诊的病人中，大多数只是普通消化不良、急性胃肠炎，但也碰到过更为凶险的急性胰腺炎，极端情况下还会遇到急性胃扩张这类危及生命的急症。
Lu Xiao, deputy chief physician in the emergency medicine department at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, said most patients suffer from ordinary indigestion or acute gastroenteritis. However, emergency physicians also encounter more dangerous cases, including acute pancreatitis and, in extreme cases, acute gastric dilation.
gastroenteritis /ˌɡæstroˌɛntəˈraɪtɪs/ 胃肠炎
pancreatitis /ˌpænkrɪr'taɪtɪs/ 胰腺炎
可以说，有时候大餐的最后一口肉、最后一杯酒，都可能成为身体承受不住的“最后一根稻草”。
“暴饮暴食会引发不少危险问题，第一是重症胰腺炎，第二是较为罕见的肠梗阻，急性胃潴留也有极高风险。”卢骁说，自己曾接诊过两名年轻女性，她们本身没有严重的基础胃病，但二人都因短时间毫无节制地大量进食，引发急性胃扩张、胃潴留。
24岁的小李（化名），她此前长期刻意节食减肥，很长一段时间里都不能吃自己喜欢的食物。处在减重平台期，她选了自己很想吃的自助餐当作放纵餐。面对自由取餐的各色美食，小李压抑已久的食欲彻底失控，在自助餐规定的两个小时内，她毫无顾忌地吃喝，吃下大量羊肉、牛肉，还有粉丝、金针菇等食物。
One such case involved a 24-year-old woman identified as Li. After dieting for an extended period and reaching a weight-loss plateau, she chose a buffet as a "cheat meal". During the two-hour dining period, she ate excessively, consuming large amounts of lamb, beef, vermicelli and enoki mushrooms.
vermicelli /ˌvɜrmɪˈtʃeli/ 粉丝
“短时间内大量食物堆积，患者的胃部被急剧撑大，当时的情况真的就是肚子鼓得像球一样，她既吐不出来，也无法正常排便。”卢骁说，送到急诊后，医生尝试下胃管，也完全无法引出胃内堆积的食糜，由于患者体内的胃酸已经难以消化这些食物，只能开展开腹手术，医生团队从小李胃里取出的食物残渣，足足有三斤重。
The sudden overload severely distended her stomach. She could neither vomit nor pass stool. When she arrived at the emergency department, doctors tried to insert a gastric tube but were unable to drain the accumulated stomach contents. She eventually underwent open abdominal surgery, during which the medical team removed about 1.5 kilograms of food residue from her stomach.
另一名患者是20岁的小华（化名），她患有神经性厌食相关的进食障碍，会出现不受自控的暴食发作。此次发作后，她短时间内吃下大量食物，同样诱发了急性胃扩张、胃潴留。
送到急诊后发现，她的胃腔被食物撑得极度扩张，连累全身多个脏器受损，病情十分凶险。医生团队进行对症治疗后，小华胃内堆积的食物花了两三个星期才慢慢消化。
“很多人存在误区，觉得无论吃下多少食物，胃都可以消化吸收。”卢骁解释，胃确实可以像气球一样扩张，能膨胀到正常的5‑10倍，但它有生理上限。短时间大量食物堆积，胃酸来不及分解食糜，堆积的食物会造成胃内高压，进而引发肠道细菌移位，诱发脓毒症、多脏器功能衰竭等。
"Many people mistakenly believe that no matter how much they eat, the stomach can digest and absorb it," Lu said. The stomach can expand significantly after a large meal, but it has a physiological limit. When a large amount of food accumulates within a short period, the stomach may become severely distended and unable to empty its contents normally. The resulting pressure can impair blood flow to the stomach wall and increase the risk of complications, including bacterial translocation, sepsis and multiple organ failure.
医生提醒
国庆享受美食要量力而行
卢骁指出，这样极端危重的病例属于少数，节假日急诊中更多见的是普通消化不良、急性胃肠炎。但值得警惕的是，高脂血症性急性胰腺炎近年来明显增多。
“相比过去，高脂血症诱发的胰腺炎增加了好几倍。”卢骁表示，节假日油腻大餐、大量饮酒，很容易引爆这类急症。而重症胰腺炎十分凶险，如果得不到及时救治，死亡率可达40%‑50%。
“所以有高脂血症基础的人群，尤其要管住嘴。”卢骁提到，他曾接诊一名酷爱红烧肉的患者，胰腺炎反复发作，明明知道病情风险，依旧抵挡不住红烧肉的诱惑，多次赶来急诊、反复入院。
不少人觉得吃撑之后，腹胀休息一晚就能缓解。卢骁解释，轻微的腹胀不适，大多休息一天左右会自行好转。“如果腹痛腹胀持续数小时不能缓解，要警惕胆囊炎、胰腺炎、阑尾炎、肠梗阻、肠穿孔等问题，一定要第一时间前往急诊就诊，千万不要硬扛。”
Many people assume that bloating after overeating will subside after a night's rest. Lu said mild discomfort usually improves within about a day. However, if abdominal pain and bloating persist for hours without relief, people should be alert to conditions such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction or intestinal perforation. They should seek emergency medical care promptly rather than waiting for the symptoms to go away on their own.
cholecystitis /ˌkɒləsɪs'taɪtɪs/ 胆囊炎
appendicitis /əˌpɛndɪˈsaɪtɪs/ 阑尾炎
节假日饮食注意事项
享受美食一定要量力而行。老年人消化能力弱，尽量选择易消化食物；有糖尿病、高血脂、既往胰腺炎、胆囊炎病史的人群，少吃重油、重糖食物。即便是年轻人，也不要天天大鱼大肉、胡吃海喝。
部分美食一定要讲究浅尝辄止。国庆正值螃蟹上市，蟹黄脂肪、胆固醇含量高，一次性多食用容易诱发胆囊、胰腺问题；月饼则属于高糖高脂食物，过量食用会加重肠胃负担。
跟着China Daily
精读英语新闻
“无痛”学英语，每天20分钟就够！
↓↓↓
推 荐 阅 读