寒潮暴雪！新能源车的春运大考表现如何？

一场暴雪，让新能源车迎来了年度大考。

和以往春节返乡不同，今年春节前夕，国内多地遭遇严寒雨雪冰冻天气，让不少电车车主上演现实版“人在囧途”。

不少电车车主表示，冬季低温环境下，纯电车的续航大幅降低，如果再开空调，电量耗费速度暴增，“太难了。”

Owners of electric vehicles have complained on social media about challenges heading home during the Spring Festival travel rush as they had to worry about finding charging stations and charging their cars multiple times amid traffic congestion and freezing temperatures.

杭州回沈阳1800公里充电7次的新闻登上抖音热搜。

The hashtag "Charging seven times for a 1,800-kilometer journey" has trended on Douyin, with netizens sharing their difficulties finding charging stations.

图源：齐鲁晚报抖音

付女士、贾先生与亲戚一车4人，1月28日从杭州出发回沈阳，1月30日凌晨1点到家，过路费900元、充电费800元，行程耗时38小时，充电时间约8个半小时，中间在济南休整了一晚，行车时间约18个小时。

The original poster, surnamed Fu, drove from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, to Shenyang in Liaoning province on Jan 28 and spent more than eight hours charging her car seven times. 

付女士说，纯电车充电还是很费时间的，这一趟1800公里，途中充电7次，除了盘锦服务区充电桩不能使用，下高速仅充了24分钟，其余六次充电都耗时在1小时20分上下。

付女士说，这个天气开纯电车，续航还是有点虚的，说是满电能开500公里，实际大概300多公里，路上最惊险的是第一次充电，1月28号下午2点37分，赶到扬州宝应县服务区，电量显示只剩9公里可开。

As they were heading north and with temperatures dropping, they turned on the seat heating and air conditioning, and the battery drained quickly, she said. 

Meanwhile, some of the chargers did not work, and one time the car could only have driven nine more kilometers by the time they arrived at a charging station, she said.

小红书、微博、抖音等社交平台话题显示，“续航”和“充电”依然是驾电车回家的两大核心难题。

续航方面，一名网友在微博上发帖表示：“由于气温过低续航直线下降，车机反复提示无法到达目的地。本打算在高速服务区充电，没想到连续两个服务区都没有充电桩，下高速后的充电距离也很远。”

On the social media platforms Xiaohongshu and Sina Weibo, EV drivers also shared their experience of charging stations being too crowded and people having to wait for hours, while others had to leave the highway to find charging stations in urban areas.

图源：新浪财经

陈玉婷1月29号从北京开电车到湖北宜昌。一共开了1300公里，沿途有60多个服务区，一共充了7次电。

陈女士表示她的车续航是400公里，高速的话开200公里差不多就要充了。正常回湖北13个小时，电车至少再加3个小时。特别是春运，有时候比较难找位置，排队中可能被插队。遇到堵车，排队要等比较久。加上天气冷，车里开车空调，掉电比较快，当时续航只有100公里，心情是焦虑的。

她表示一路上都比较焦虑。“电车万一没电了找不到充电站，电车就是沉重的负担。”

Chen Yuting, who drove an EV from Beijing to Yichang, Hubei province, on Jan 29, said she experienced anxiety along the way.

"I worried about the battery constantly," she said. "The air conditioning had to keep working as the temperature was low and I charged my car seven times for the 1,300-km journey, even though the car promised it could run 400 km per charge."

不少自驾车主反映，他们遭遇了返程轮渡船票一票难求的问题。在社交媒体平台上，也有大量新能源车主反映，由于轮渡新能源车票售罄，一些旅客已经滞留多日。

记者18日晚从“琼州海峡轮渡管家”上查询发现，3月5日之前从海口秀英港、新海港出港前往广东湛江徐闻县的新能源小汽车轮渡船票均显示售罄；3月5日当天及之后的票暂无法购买。

Meanwhile, EV drivers have also taken issue with the great difficulty in leaving the island province of Hainan via ferry, with all tickets being sold until March.

The province has limited the number of EVs to 10 percent of the total on every regular ferry service due to safety concerns over lithium batteries.

To cope with the demand, Haikou's Xinhai Port has promised to open special ferries for EV cars, according to China National Radio.

图源：新浪财经

北京交通大学交通运输学院高级工程师鲁放表示，新能源车主在春节期间遇到的充电的问题主要是因为我国新能源汽车产业发展太快了，而相关的充电设备的基础设施还没跟上。

发展新能源汽车产业除了双碳和环保领域的考虑，还有对我国石油依赖进口这一因素的考量，鲁放表示。

Lu Fang, senior engineer at the School of Traffic and Transportation at Beijing Jiaotong University, said the NEV market has witnessed robust expansion in China thanks to the nation's push for green development and its efforts to alleviate its dependence on oil imports.

Lu said complaints about a lack of infrastructure during the Spring Festival travel rush were not limited to NEVs as the scale of travel has been unprecedented.

他谈到，要满足春运短期内巨大新能源车主的需求目前来看是不现实的，也没有必要，因为如果修太多的充电桩，平时的时候就会造成浪费。

"It is unnecessary to build so many charging stations to cope with such extreme demand, as most of them will go idle during normal times," he said. "However, what we are now witnessing is growing pains and as more people have chosen to switch to EV cars, the infrastructure building will also keep up."

根据国家发改委的数据，2023年全年我国新能源汽车产销量分别达到958.7万辆和949.5万辆，同比分别增长35.8%和37.9%；我国新能源汽车产销量占全球比重超过60%，连续9年位居世界第一位。

According to the National Development and Reform Commission, China produced 9.58 million new energy vehicles and almost 9.5 million such vehicles were sold in the country last year, both ranking top in the world for a ninth consecutive year.

截至2023年底，我国累计建成充电设施859.6万台，数量居全球第一，逐步形成新能源汽车与充电基础设施相互促进的良性循环。

The country had built almost 8.6 million charging facilities by the end of last year, also ranking No 1, the NDRC said.

图源：CFP

湘潭大学化学学院教授王先友则表示，新能源汽车确实在我国发展太快了，所以在春运期间集中使用的时候充电桩就不够。

但是其实政府部门和民营企业已经建造了大量的充电设备，未来也会加大这方面的投入。

锂电池的特性也就决定了在低温情况下性能不好，但是在电池方面的科研一直都在进行。

Wang Xianyou, a professor at the College of Chemistry at Xiangtan University, said that because lithium batteries become less effective during low temperatures, the anxiety over charging intensifies. 

王先友表示，他相信只要能够研究出能量密度更好，安全性能更强的电池，新能源车的前景和人们对新能源车的热情还将继续。

However, there have been great efforts in development and research to improve the efficiency and safety of EV batteries, and with future technological breakthroughs in batteries and enhancements in the building of charging facilities, the switch to EV cars will continue, he added.

记者：邹硕

编辑：朱迪齐

实习生：尹睿灵

来源：中国日报 鲁中晨报 央广网