世卫组织：全球八分之一人口患肥胖症

据世卫组织官网，《柳叶刀》发布的最新研究报告显示，2022年全球肥胖症人口高达10亿多人，43%的成年人超重。自1990年以来，全世界成年人肥胖症人数增加了一倍多，儿童和青少年（5至19岁）肥胖症人数增加了三倍。

中国女性肥胖率在全球排名第190位，男性肥胖率在全球排名倒数第149位。

🤔️小作业：

1. What trend did the study find in the rates of underweight individuals from 1990 to 2022?

A) Rates increased significantly for both children and adults.

B) There was no significant change in underweight rates.

C) Underweight rates fell for both children and adults.

D) Underweight rates increased for adults but decreased for children.

A) Obesity rates are higher in countries with lower socio-economic status.

B) There is no correlation between obesity rates and socio-economic status.

C) Obesity rates are predominantly higher in wealthier nations.

D) The passage did not address socio-economic status.

无注释原文：

More than a billion people worldwide are obese, research finds

From: The Guardian

More than 1 billion people worldwide are now living with obesity, with rates among children increasing fourfold across a 32-year period, according to new research.

Analysis of the weight and height measurements of over 220 million people from more than 190 countries shows how body mass index (BMI) changed across the world between 1990 and 2022.

Approximately 1,500 researchers contributed to the study by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). Published in the Lancet, it found that over the period obesity rates increased fourfold among children, and doubled among adults.

For girls worldwide, the obesity rate increased from 1.7% of the world's population in 1990, to 6.9% in 2022. For boys, the increase was from 2.1% to 9.3% over the same time period.

Obesity is defined in adults as having a BMI greater or equal to 30kg/m².

For women, obesity rates worldwide increased from 8.8% to 18.5%, and for men 4.8% to 14% across the same period. At the same time, rates of people who are underweight fell for both children and adults, meaning that obesity is the most common form of malnutrition across many countries worldwide.

The proportion of the world's children and adolescents who were underweight fell by around one-fifth in girls and more than one-third in boys, while the proportion of the world's adults who were affected by being underweight more than halved over the same period.

In total, 880 million adults and 159 million children were living with obesity in 2022. Tonga, American Samoa, and Nauru were the nations with the highest obesity rate at over 60%.

The UK ranked 87th highest in the world for obesity rates for women, and 55th highest for men.

In China, the obesity rate increased from 2.0% in 1990 to 7.8% in 2022 for women and 0.8% to 8.9% in 2022 for men. The prevalence of obesity in China ranked 11th lowest (190th highest) in the world for women and 52nd lowest (149th highest) in the world for men in 2022.

Prof Majid Ezzati, senior author of the study, said it was “very concerning” the epidemic of obesity that was evident among adults in much of the world in 1990 is now mirrored in school-age children and adolescents.

He said: “At the same time, hundreds of millions are still affected by undernutrition, particularly in some of the poorest parts of the world. To successfully tackle both forms of malnutrition it is vital we significantly improve the availability and affordability of healthy, nutritious foods.”

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director general of the WHO, said: “Getting back on track to meet the global targets for curbing obesity will take the work of governments and communities, supported by evidence-based policies from WHO and national public health agencies.

“Importantly, it requires the cooperation of the private sector, which must be accountable for the health impacts of their products.”

Prof Simon Kenny, NHS England's national clinical director for children and young people, said: “These figures will be as alarming to parents as they are to the NHS.

“Obesity affects every human organ system, and so at a young age can have a major impact on a child's life, increasing their risk of type 2 diabetes, cancer, mental health issues and many other illnesses, which can lead to shorter and unhappier lives.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

More than a billion people worldwide are obese, research finds

From: The Guardian

More than 1 billion people worldwide are now living with obesity, with rates among children increasing fourfold across a 32-year period, according to new research.

最新研究显示，目前全球有超过10亿人患有肥胖症，其中儿童肥胖率在32年间增长了四倍。

obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”

📍词根“obes-”来自拉丁语“obesus”，意味着“肥胖的”。近义词：overweight（超重），同根词：obese（肥胖的），常用短语：combat obesity（对抗肥胖症）

fourfold /ˈfɔː.fəʊld/ 表示“四倍的”，英文解释为“four times as big or as much”如：a fourfold increase 四倍的增加，或者表示“由四部分组成的”，英文解释为“having four parts”如：a fourfold division 分成四份。

Analysis of the weight and height measurements of over 220 million people from more than 190 countries shows how body mass index (BMI) changed across the world between 1990 and 2022.

通过分析来自190多个国家超过2.2亿人的体重和身高测量数据，研究揭示了1990年至2022年间全球身体质量指数（BMI）的变化趋势。

BMI表示“身体质量指数；体重指数（通过身高与体重的关系，衡量是否肥胖的一种标准）”，英文解释为“a measurement of a person's weight in relation to their height, used to find out if they are too fat”举个🌰：Obesity for adults was defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater. 成年人肥胖定义为体重指数达到或者超过30。

📍计算公式：BMI=体重÷身高²（体重单位：千克；身高单位：米）

Approximately 1,500 researchers contributed to the study by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). Published in the Lancet, it found that over the period obesity rates increased fourfold among children, and doubled among adults.

大约1500名研究人员参与了这项由非传染性疾病风险控制协作组织（NCD-RisC）与世界卫生组织（WHO）共同完成的研究，研究成果发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上。研究显示，在1990年至2022年期间，儿童的肥胖率增加了四倍，成年人的肥胖率翻了一番。

For girls worldwide, the obesity rate increased from 1.7% of the world's population in 1990, to 6.9% in 2022. For boys, the increase was from 2.1% to 9.3% over the same time period.

从全球范围来看，女孩的肥胖率从1990年的1.7%上升至2022年的6.9%；男孩的肥胖率从2.1%上升至9.3%。

Obesity is defined in adults as having a BMI greater or equal to 30kg/m².

成人肥胖的定义是BMI大于或等于30kg/m²。

For women, obesity rates worldwide increased from 8.8% to 18.5%, and for men 4.8% to 14% across the same period. At the same time, rates of people who are underweight fell for both children and adults, meaning that obesity is the most common form of malnutrition across many countries worldwide.

同期，全球女性肥胖率从8.8%上升到18.5%，男性肥胖率从4.8%上升到14%。与此同时，儿童和成年人体重不足的比例都有所下降，这意味着肥胖是全球许多国家最常见的营养不良形式。

underweight /ˌʌn.dəˈweɪt/ 表示“体重不足的;过瘦的”，英文解释为“Underweight people weigh too little and are too thin”举个🌰：According to the hospital chart he's four kilos underweight. 照医院的体重表来看，他比标准体重轻4公斤。

malnutrition /ˌmæl.njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/ 表示“营养不良”，英文解释为“physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health”举个🌰：Many of the refugees are suffering from severe malnutrition. 许多难民严重营养不良。

词根“nutr-”来自拉丁语“nutrire”，意味着“养育”，前缀“mal-”表示“坏的”。想象“营养不良”是由于摄入了质量不好的营养。联想宫殿：在宫殿的医疗中心，你看到一份报告讨论儿童“营养不良”对其后期生活的严重影响。近义词：undernourishment（营养不足） 同根词：nutrition（营养） 常用短语：combat malnutrition（对抗营养不良）

The proportion of the world's children and adolescents who were underweight fell by around one-fifth in girls and more than one-third in boys, while the proportion of the world's adults who were affected by being underweight more than halved over the same period.

全球儿童和青少年中体重不足的女孩比例下降了约五分之一，男孩下降了三分之一以上，而同期全球成年人中体重不足的比例下降了一半以上。

proportion /prəˈpɔː.ʃən/ 1）表示“比率，比例”，英文解释为“the number, amount, or level of one thing when compared to another”举个🌰：The proportion of women to men at my college was about one to eight. 我所在大学的男女比例大约为8：1。

2）表示“部分；份额”，英文解释为“the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole”举个🌰：Children make up a large proportion of the world's population. 孩子占世界人口的很大一部分。

3）表示“（某物各个组成部分或一物与另一物之间的）相称，协调，均衡，匀称”，英文解释为“the correct or most attractive relationship between the size of different parts of the same thing or between one thing and another”举个🌰：Your legs are very much in proportion to (= the right size for) the rest of your body. 你的腿和你身体的其他部位比例非常协调。

adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ 作名词，表示“青少年”，英文解释为“a young person who is developing into an adult”。

作形容词，表示“青春期的；青少年的”，英文解释为“being or relating to an adolescent”如：an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩；也可以指“（成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的”，英文解释为“used to describe an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's”如：adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默/幼稚的举止。

In total, 880 million adults and 159 million children were living with obesity in 2022. Tonga, American Samoa, and Nauru were the nations with the highest obesity rate at over 60%.

2022年，全球共有8.8亿成年人和1.59亿儿童患有肥胖症。汤加、美属萨摩亚和瑙鲁是肥胖率最高的国家，超过60%。

The UK ranked 87th highest in the world for obesity rates for women, and 55th highest for men.

英国女性肥胖率排名世界第87位，男性肥胖率排名世界第55位。

In China, the obesity rate increased from 2.0% in 1990 to 7.8% in 2022 for women and 0.8% to 8.9% in 2022 for men. The prevalence of obesity in China ranked 11th lowest (190th highest) in the world for women and 52nd lowest (149th highest) in the world for men in 2022.

中国女性肥胖率从1990年的2.0%上升到2022年的7.8%，男性肥胖率从0.8%上升到2022年的8.9%。2022年，中国女性肥胖率在全球排名倒数第11位（第190位），男性肥胖率在全球排名倒数第52位（第149位）。

prevalence /ˈprev.əl.əns/ 表示“流行，盛行；普遍，广泛”，英文解释为“the fact that something is very common or happens often”如：the prevalence of smoking among teenagers 青少年吸烟的普遍性。

Prof Majid Ezzati, senior author of the study, said it was “very concerning” the epidemic of obesity that was evident among adults in much of the world in 1990 is now mirrored in school-age children and adolescents.

该研究的资深作者马吉德·埃扎蒂教授（Prof Majid Ezzati）表示，1990年在全球大多数地区成人中普遍存在的肥胖问题，如今在学龄儿童和青少年中也出现了，这“非常令人担忧”。

epidemic /ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病的）流行，传染”，英文解释为“the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time”如：a flu epidemic 流感的传播。

2）表示“泛滥；蔓延”，英文解释为“a particular problem that seriously affects many people at the same time”如：a crime/unemployment epidemic 犯罪频发/大范围失业。

mirror /ˈmɪr.ər/ 作动词，1）表示“反映”，英文解释为“to represent something honestly”举个🌰：The book inevitably mirrors my own interests and experiences. 这本书不可避免地反映出了我自己的兴趣和经历。

2）表示“与…很相似”，英文解释为“to be very similar to something”举个🌰：Her on-screen romances seem to mirror her experiences in her private life. 她在银幕上的浪漫故事似乎与她的私人经历很相似。

He said: “At the same time, hundreds of millions are still affected by undernutrition, particularly in some of the poorest parts of the world. To successfully tackle both forms of malnutrition it is vital we significantly improve the availability and affordability of healthy, nutritious foods.”

他说：“与此同时，仍有数亿人受到营养不良问题的影响，特别是在世界上一些最贫穷的地区。要成功解决这两种形式的营养不良问题，我们必须大幅提高健康营养食品的可获得性和可负担性。”

nutritious /njuːˈtrɪʃ.əs/ 表示“营养丰富的，营养价值高的”，英文解释为“containing many of the substances needed for life and growth”如：a nutritious diet 营养丰富的饮食。

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director general of the WHO, said: “Getting back on track to meet the global targets for curbing obesity will take the work of governments and communities, supported by evidence-based policies from WHO and national public health agencies.

世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞博士（Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus）表示：“要想重新回到控制肥胖的全球目标上来，需要各国政府和社区的努力，并得到世界卫生组织和国家公共卫生机构循证政策的支持。”

curb /kɜːb/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“控制，抑制，限定，约束（不好的事物）”，英文解释为“to control or limit sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。（名词）He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. 他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

“Importantly, it requires the cooperation of the private sector, which must be accountable for the health impacts of their products.”

“重要的是，这需要私营部门的合作，它们必须对其产品的健康影响负责。”

accountable /əˈkaʊn.tə.bəl/ 表示“应负责任的；应作解释的；应加以说明的；（对自己的决定、行为）负有责任，有说明义务”，英文解释为“Someone who is accountable is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it.”举个🌰：She is accountable only to the managing director. 她只对总裁负责。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述商业软件公司SAP的文章中提到：“COUNT ON US, hold us accountable and together we will reinvent the way businesses run.”“信赖我们，向我们问责，齐心协力，我们将重塑公司的运营方式。”

Prof Simon Kenny, NHS England's national clinical director for children and young people, said: “These figures will be as alarming to parents as they are to the NHS.

英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）儿童与青少年全国临床主任西蒙·肯尼教授（Prof Simon Kenny）说：“这些数据对于父母和国家医疗服务体系来说都是令人担忧。”

clinical /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ 1）表示“门诊的，临床的”，英文解释为“used to refer to medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people”如：clinical tests/training 临床试验/实习。

2）表示“冷漠的；无动于衷的；无感情的”，英文解释为“expressing no emotion or feelings”举个🌰：She seems to have a very clinical attitude towards her children. 她好像对子女们态度很冷漠。

“Obesity affects every human organ system, and so at a young age can have a major impact on a child's life, increasing their risk of type 2 diabetes, cancer, mental health issues and many other illnesses, which can lead to shorter and unhappier lives.”

“肥胖会影响人体的每一个器官系统，因此年幼时肥胖就会对其一生产生重大影响，增加罹患2型糖尿病、癌症、心理健康问题和许多其他疾病的风险，从而导致寿命更短、更不快乐。”

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”

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