为什么面包店宁可扔掉也不打折

今天，社交媒体上关于#为什么面包店宁可扔掉也不打折#的话题引发热议。

🤔️小作业：

1. What was the primary method used by CBC's Marketplace to investigate Walmart's food waste practices?

A) Conducting interviews with Walmart employees. B) Analyzing Walmart's financial records.

C) Inspecting Walmart's trash bins.

D) Surveying Walmart customers about their purchases.

A) Legal repercussions if someone gets sick from donated food.

B) Public opinion and potential negative attention.

C) The logistical difficulty of transporting food to donation centers. D) The fear that donations would discourage people from buying.

无注释原文：

Here's how much food Walmart throws away over 12 days

From: CBC NEWS, Oct 25, 2016

Doughnuts and pastries. Bags of bright, plump oranges. It sounds like a shopping list, but it was all in Walmart's garbage.

CBC's Marketplace went through trash bins at two Walmart stores near Toronto to see how much food the company throws away.

Over the course of more than 12 visits to the stores, Marketplace staff repeatedly found produce, baked goods, frozen foods, meat and dairy products. Most of the food was still in its packaging, rather than separated for composting.

In a statement, Walmart said it believes the food Marketplace found was unsafe for consumption.

In many cases, however, the food was well before its best-before date and appeared to be fresh. Or, if it needed refrigeration or freezing, the food found was still cold.

Ali-Zain Mevawala says he threw out a shopping cart full of produce every day when he managed a Walmart produce and bakery department.

"I really felt bad because I know a lot of people in the city or in this country, even in this whole world, they don't even get to eat proper food."

Food waste is a worldwide issue. In Canada, a study from Value Chain Management International says across sectors, including at the farm, during processing, in retail stores, restaurants and in homes, $31 billion worth of food is wasted each year.

Retailers are responsible for about 10 per cent of that waste, according to the 2014 study.

One of the report's authors says retailers are just doing what buyers expect.

"Much of that waste is usually us not willing to buy products that have a blemish in them," says Martin Gooch, CEO of Value Chain Management International.

There are challenges in donating food, including location.

He adds that retailers are working to address in-store processes and training so waste is reduced.

Despite laws preventing companies that donate food from being prosecuted if someone gets sick, a key challenge is public opinion, should something happen, says Gooch.

"Someone who'd gotten sick from a product that was donated, that would create a whole bunch of attention … which a retailer or manufacturer has no way of combating."

Walmart sent a statement that said it has many initiatives to decrease food waste throughout the company, including giving unsold food to food banks.

"On some occasions, food which has not passed its best-before date is deemed unsafe for consumption," Walmart said in its statement. "As a rule we don't place fresh food items on display for sale if the quality is not acceptable."

Mevawala says he was given a different reason for the waste when he worked at Walmart.

"Once I asked my manager, 'Why do we have to just throw it away? Why can't we just, you know, give it away to some people that really need it?'" he says. "And the manager [said], 'If you just give it away to people, then why are they going to buy it from us?'"

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Here's how much food Walmart throws away over 12 days

From: CBC NEWS, Oct 25, 2016

Doughnuts and pastries. Bags of bright, plump oranges. It sounds like a shopping list, but it was all in Walmart's garbage.

甜甜圈和糕点。一袋袋鲜亮、饱满的橙子。听起来像是一张购物清单，但这些都是沃尔玛垃圾桶里的垃圾。

doughnut /ˈdəʊnʌt, -nət/ 表示“炸面包圈；炸果酱面包”，英文解释为“a small, circular cake, fried in hot fat, either with a hole in the middle or filled with jam”。

pastry /ˈpeɪ.stri/ 1）表示“油酥糕点；油酥点心”，英文解释为“a food made from a mixture of flour, fat, and water, rolled flat and either wrapped around or put over or under other foods, and then baked”如：puff pastry （奶油松饼）泡芙。

2）表示“茶点，点心”，英文解释为“a type of sweet cake made of special pastry and usually containing something such as fruit or nuts”举个🌰：We were offered a selection of cakes and pastries with our tea. 我们喝茶时有几种蛋糕和茶点可以挑选。

plump /plʌmp/ 表示“丰满的；饱满的”，英文解释为“having a pleasantly soft, rounded body or shape”如：a nice plump chicken 肥嫩多肉的小鸡，plump juicy grapes 饱满的多汁葡萄。

2）表示“发福的，丰满的”，英文解释为“polite word for fat”举个🌰：He's got rather plump since I last saw him. 自从我上次见到他以来，他胖了很多。

CBC's Marketplace went through trash bins at two Walmart stores near Toronto to see how much food the company throws away.

加拿大广播公司（CBC）的《市场》（Marketplace）栏目对多伦多附近两家沃尔玛超市的垃圾桶进行了调查，以了解沃尔玛究竟丢弃了多少食物。

表示“垃圾箱”，英文解释为“a container for waste”

Over the course of more than 12 visits to the stores, Marketplace staff repeatedly found produce, baked goods, frozen foods, meat and dairy products. Most of the food was still in its packaging, rather than separated for composting.

在对这两家超市超过12次的走访过程中，《市场》栏目工作人员多次发现了农产品、烘焙食品、冷冻食品、肉类和乳制品。大多数食品仍未拆封，而没有分开来进行堆肥化处理。

熟词僻义，不可数名词，表示“产品，（尤指）农产品”，英文解释为“Produce is fruit and vegetables that are grown in large quantities to be sold.”举个🌰：We manage to get most of our produce in farmers' markets. 我们设法在农贸市场弄到大部分我们需要的农产品。

dairy /ˈdeə.ri/ 1）表示“牛奶场，乳品场，制酪场；牛奶公司，奶制品公司”，英文解释为“a place on a farm where milk and cream are kept and cheese and butter are made, or a company that supplies milk and products made from milk”。

2）表示“奶制品的，乳品”，英文解释为“foods that are made from milk, such as cream, butter, and cheese”如：a dairy-free diet 不吃奶制品的饮食结构。

📍区分：diary表示“日记，日志”（a book in which you record your thoughts or feelings or what has happened each day）。

composting /ˈkɒm.pɒs.tɪŋ/ 表示“堆肥制作，腐殖土制作，即收集贮存植物性垃圾令其腐蚀，以用于改良园艺土壤”，英文解释为“the act of collecting and storing plant material so it can decay and be added to soil to improve its quality”举个🌰：There should be more composting of garden and food waste. 应该提倡将花园及食物垃圾制成堆肥。

compost /ˈkɒm.pɒst/ 作动词，表示“把…...制成堆肥”，英文解释为“to collect and store plant material so it can decay and be added to soil to improve its quality”举个🌰：Restaurants should compost food waste whenever possible. 餐馆应该尽量将厨余制成堆肥。

In a statement, Walmart said it believes the food Marketplace found was unsafe for consumption.

沃尔玛在一份声明中表示，沃尔玛认为《市场》栏目所发现的食品不能安全食用。

In many cases, however, the food was well before its best-before date and appeared to be fresh. Or, if it needed refrigeration or freezing, the food found was still cold.

然而，在很多情况下，食物的保质期尚未到来，且看上去依旧新鲜。或者，如果是需要冷藏或冷冻的食物，在垃圾桶里发现时仍然是冰的。

best-before date /ˌbest.bɪˈfɔː ˌdeɪt/ 表示“（食品的）保质期”，英文解释为“the day or month before which food or drink should be eaten or drunk”

英式：sell-by date /ˈsel.baɪ ˌdeɪt/ 表示“（商品上标明的）出售截止日期，保质期”，英文解释为“a date printed on a product such as food after which it should not be sold”

美式：pull date /ˈpʊl ˌdeɪt/ 表示“出售截止日期，保质期”，英文解释为“a date printed on a product such as food after which it should not be sold”

refrigeration /rɪˌfrɪdʒ.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（通常指在冰箱中）冷藏，冷冻，保鲜（尤指食物饮料）”，英文解释为“the process of making or keeping something, especially food or drink, cold so that it stays fresh, usually in a fridge”举个🌰：The food will spoil without refrigeration. 食物在没有冷藏的情况下会变质。

freeze /friːz/ 1）表示“（使）冻结，（使）结冰”，英文解释为“If you freeze something, you lower its temperature below 0°C, causing it to become cold and often hard, and if something freezes, its temperature goes below 0°C.”举个🌰：Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C. 水在零摄氏度结冰。

2）表示“冷冻保存（食物）”，英文解释为“to make food last a long time by storing it at a very low temperature so that it becomes hard”举个🌰：I'll freeze any food that's left over. 我会把剩下的食物都冷冻起来。

Ali-Zain Mevawala says he threw out a shopping cart full of produce every day when he managed a Walmart produce and bakery department.

阿里·赞·梅瓦瓦拉（Ali-Zain Mevawala）说，他以前在沃尔玛农产品和烘焙部门工作时，每天都会扔掉一推车的农产品。

bakery /ˈbeɪ.kər.i/ 表示“面包房”，英文解释为“a place where bread and cakes are made and sometimes sold”

baker /ˈbeɪ.kər/ 表示“面包师；糕点师；面包店店员（或店主）”，英文解释为“a person whose job is to make bread and cakes for sale, or to sell bread and cakes”，英式英语里也表示“面包店”。

"I really felt bad because I know a lot of people in the city or in this country, even in this whole world, they don't even get to eat proper food."

“我真的感到非常难过，因为我知道在这个城市、这个国家，乃至整个世界，有很多人甚至吃不上像样的食物。”

Food waste is a worldwide issue. In Canada, a study from Value Chain Management International says across sectors, including at the farm, during processing, in retail stores, restaurants and in homes, $31 billion worth of food is wasted each year.

食物浪费是一个全球性问题。在加拿大，国际价值链管理公司（Value Chain Management International）的一项研究表明，包括农场、加工过程、零售店、餐馆和家庭在内的各个环节，每年浪费的食物价值达310亿加元。

Retailers are responsible for about 10 per cent of that waste, according to the 2014 study.

根据2014年的研究，零售商的浪费约占10%。

One of the report's authors says retailers are just doing what buyers expect.

该研究的一位作者表示，零售商只是做了买家所期望的事情。

"Much of that waste is usually us not willing to buy products that have a blemish in them," says Martin Gooch, CEO of Value Chain Management International.

国际价值链管理公司首席执行官马丁·古奇（Martin Gooch）说：“大多数浪费都是因为我们不愿意购买有瑕疵的产品。”

blemish /ˈblem.ɪʃ/ 1）表示“疤痕；斑点；瑕疵”，英文解释为“a mark on something that spoils its appearance”如：freckles, scars, and other minor skin blemishes 雀斑、疤痕及其他皮肤上的小瑕疵；

2）表示“（人品性上的）污点，缺点”，英文解释为“a fault in a person's character”

There are challenges in donating food, including location.

捐赠食物也面临一些挑战，包括地点问题。

He adds that retailers are working to address in-store processes and training so waste is reduced.

他补充说，零售商正在努力解决店内流程和培训问题，以减少浪费。

Despite laws preventing companies that donate food from being prosecuted if someone gets sick, a key challenge is public opinion, should something happen, says Gooch.

古奇说，尽管法律规定，如果有人生病，捐赠食物的公司不会受到起诉，但如果发生意外，关键的挑战在于公众舆论。

prosecute /ˈprɒs.ɪ.kjuːt/ 1）表示“起诉；检举”，英文解释为“to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime”举个🌰：Shoplifters will be prosecuted. 商店扒手将遭到起诉。

2）表示“把…进行到底，继续参与（尤指战争）”，英文解释为“to continue to take part in a planned group of activities, especially a war”举个🌰：He seemed convinced that the US would prosecute the war to its end. 他似乎确信美国会将这场战争进行到底。

"Someone who'd gotten sick from a product that was donated, that would create a whole bunch of attention … which a retailer or manufacturer has no way of combating."

“如果有人因捐赠的产品而生病，这会引起大量关注……零售商或制造商根本无法应对。”

bunch /bʌntʃ/ 1）表示“串；束；扎”，英文解释为“a number of things of the same type fastened together or in a close group”如：a bunch of flowers/grapes/bananas/keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串香蕉/一串钥匙。

2）a bunch (of sth)表示“大量；大批”，英文解释为“a large amount of sth; a large number of things or people”举个🌰：I have a whole bunch of stuff to do this morning.我今天上午有一大堆活儿。

Walmart sent a statement that said it has many initiatives to decrease food waste throughout the company, including giving unsold food to food banks.

沃尔玛发表声明称，公司采取了许多措施来减少食物浪费，包括将未售出的食物捐赠给食物赈济处。

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ 表示“倡议；新措施”，英文解释为“a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem”举个🌰：The peace initiative was welcomed by both sides. 和平倡议受到了双方的欢迎。

"On some occasions, food which has not passed its best-before date is deemed unsafe for consumption," Walmart said in its statement. "As a rule we don't place fresh food items on display for sale if the quality is not acceptable."

“在某些情况下，尽管未过保质期，有些食物也不适合食用，”沃尔玛在声明中说。“一般来说，如果食品的质量不达标，我们不会将其摆放在销售区。”

deem /diːm/ 表示“认为；相信”，英文解释为“If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing.”举个🌰：He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary. 他说如果联合国认为有必要，他就支持动用武力。

Mevawala says he was given a different reason for the waste when he worked at Walmart.

梅瓦瓦拉表示，他在沃尔玛工作时，得知了另一个浪费的原因。

"Once I asked my manager, 'Why do we have to just throw it away? Why can't we just, you know, give it away to some people that really need it?'" he says. "And the manager [said], 'If you just give it away to people, then why are they going to buy it from us?'"

“有一次我问我的经理，‘为什么我们非得把它扔掉呢？为什么我们不能把它送给真正需要的人呢？’”他说。“经理回答说，‘如果你把它送给别人，那他们为什么还要来我们这里买呢？’”

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