“不背单词”受黑客攻击

近日，继「百词斩」崩了之后，「不背单词」也崩了。

网友：黑客也被英语四六级逼疯了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary benefit of watching movies based on your favorite books, according to the article?

A) It provides entertainment and relaxation.

B) It enhances your understanding and retention of vocabulary.

C) It offers a better alternative to reading.

D) It improves your visual memory skills.

A) Participating in book clubs.

B) Visiting museums.

C) Listening to talk radio or podcasts.

D) Observing and describing your surroundings.

无注释原文：

How to Improve Your Vocabulary and Sound Instantly Smarter

From: Reader's Digest, July 13, 2020

Have you ever found yourself racking your brain for the perfect word to capture a feeling or event?  The English language has one of the highest word counts in the world, with the Oxford English Dictionary estimating that there are some 170,000 words in use. But most of us know only a few thousand of them; that's how we end up searching “How to improve vocabulary” online. The good news is, there are several reliable ways to improve your vocabulary, and even more good reasons to do so.

Watch movies

Watching the movie adaptation of your favorite book isn't just a guilty pleasure, it's also a vocabulary booster. “If you see the movie version of your favorite book you're likely to have a deeper understanding and knowledge of the words in it,” says Susan B. Neuman, professor of Childhood and Literacy Education at Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development at New York University. “Seeing and reading something on the same topic is really important.” The phenomenon is called dual coding; you read something, then see it on the screen and end up remembering better because you have a visual representation, she says.

Read magazines

If you want to improve vocabulary, don't just flip through your favorite magazine, really read it. That means don't only look at the pictures or skim product roundups; pay attention to the articles and photo captions. According to the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation, magazines on topics you're interested in, like sports, interior decorating or health, are filled with words you probably don't think to use in your daily conversations. When you read the next issue, keep an eye out for the words you learned the month before; chances are, you'll remember what they mean this time.

Listen to how words sound

Many people won't remember tricky words unless they come across them frequently. But if you hear a word that you think sounds interesting, you become word conscious and start using it yourself, says Neuman. Try sprinkling these fancy words that make you sound smarter into a conversation.

Get out of the house

“Going places and having new experiences are great ways to build new knowledge,” says Neuman. “Go to a museum or take advantage of other opportunities where you live. When you open your eyes to new experiences and people, you also get new words.” That's way better than searching “how to improve vocabulary” online.

Listen to the radio

Spend your commute listening to talk radio or podcasts instead of zoning out. Those types of programs can expose you to topics (and subsequently words) you may not be familiar with.

Pay attention to your surroundings

Next time you walk down a busy street or take a walk in the park, try to describe what you're seeing as descriptively as possible inside your head. This tactic can expose gaps in your vocabulary and provide an opportunity to fill them.

Read, read, read

Try to make a little time each day to read. “Reading on a regular basis is tied to improved cognitive functioning throughout life, because you're always learning,” says Neuman. Even if you don't stop to look up every single foreign word, chances are you can improve your vocabulary simply by figuring out their meaning based on the context they're used in or by coming across them again down the line; that's just one of the benefits of reading.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How to Improve Your Vocabulary and Sound Instantly Smarter

From: Reader's Digest, July 13, 2020

Have you ever found yourself racking your brain for the perfect word to capture a feeling or event?  The English language has one of the highest word counts in the world, with the Oxford English Dictionary estimating that there are some 170,000 words in use. But most of us know only a few thousand of them; that's how we end up searching “How to improve vocabulary” online. The good news is, there are several reliable ways to improve your vocabulary, and even more good reasons to do so.

你是否曾绞尽脑汁地想找到一个完美的词来描述某种感受或事件？英语是世界上词汇量最大的语言之一，据《牛津英语词典》估计，目前使用的单词约有17万个。但我们大多数人只认识其中的几千个；这也解释了为何我们会经常在网上搜索“如何提高词汇量”。好消息是，有几种可靠的方法可以提高你的词汇量，而且其好处更是数不胜数。

rack your brain(s) 表示“绞尽脑汁，搜肠刮肚”，英文解释为“to think very hard”举个🌰：I've been racking my brains all day but I can't remember her name. 我搜肠刮肚想了一整天，却怎么也记不起她的名字来。

reliable /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ 表示“可信赖的；可靠的；真实可信的”，英文解释为“Someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or believed because he, she, or it works or behaves well in the way you expect.”举个🌰：Is your watch reliable? 你的表准吗？

Watch movies 看电影

Watching the movie adaptation of your favorite book isn't just a guilty pleasure, it's also a vocabulary booster. “If you see the movie version of your favorite book you're likely to have a deeper understanding and knowledge of the words in it,” says Susan B. Neuman, professor of Childhood and Literacy Education at Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development at New York University. “Seeing and reading something on the same topic is really important.” The phenomenon is called dual coding; you read something, then see it on the screen and end up remembering better because you have a visual representation, she says.

观看你最喜欢的书籍改编电影不仅仅是一种愉悦的体验，也是增加词汇量的好方法。“如果你看了自己喜欢的书籍改编电影，你很可能会对其中的词汇有更深的理解和认识，”纽约大学斯坦哈特文化、教育与人类发展学院儿童和识字教育教授苏珊·纽曼（Susan B. Neuman）说。“观看和阅读同一主题的内容非常重要。”这种现象被称为双重编码；她说，当你阅读后再通过屏幕观看，由于拥有了视觉呈现，你能更好地记住相应内容。

adaptation /ˌæd.əpˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“适应”，英文解释为“the process of changing to suit different conditions”

2）表示“（电影、书、剧本等的）改编”，英文解释为“a film, book, play, etc. that has been made from another film, book, play, etc.”

booster /ˈbuː.stər/ 1）表示“（航天器的）推进器”，英文解释为“an engine on a spacecraft that gives extra power for the first part of a flight”如：a rocket booster 火箭推进器

2）表示“（增强药效的）辅助药剂”，英文解释为“a small amount of a substance that is given to increase the effect of the same substance given some time before, to continue to protect a person from illness”如：a polio booster 小儿麻痹症辅助药剂。

📍booster / booster shot / booster dose用来指加强针（疫苗）。

literacy /ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si/ 1）表示“识字；读写能力”，英文解释为“Literacy is the ability to read and write.”举个🌰：Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy. 很多成年人有读写和计算的困难。

反义词：

📍illiteracy表示“文盲”（Illiteracy is the state of not knowing how to read or write.）

2）表示“（某领域或某方面的）知识，能力”，英文解释为“knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge”举个🌰：Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car. 会用计算机与会开车一样将成为一种必备的技能。

phenomenon /fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/ 表示“（尤指不寻常的或有趣的）现象”，英文解释为“something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting”举个🌰：Gravity is a natural phenomenon. 重力是一种自然现象。

📍词根：“phenom-”源自希腊语“phainomenon”，意为显现或出现的事物，强调任何观察到的或显著的事物。近义词：occurrence（事件），同根词：phenomenal（非凡的），常用短语：natural phenomenon（自然现象）

Read magazines 阅读杂志

If you want to improve vocabulary, don't just flip through your favorite magazine, really read it. That means don't only look at the pictures or skim product roundups; pay attention to the articles and photo captions. According to the Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation, magazines on topics you're interested in, like sports, interior decorating or health, are filled with words you probably don't think to use in your daily conversations. When you read the next issue, keep an eye out for the words you learned the month before; chances are, you'll remember what they mean this time.

如果你想提高词汇量，不要只是翻阅你最喜欢的杂志，而是要认真阅读。这意味着不要只看图片或浏览产品综述；而要关注文章和图片说明。约翰逊·奥康纳研究基金会（Johnson O'Connor Research Foundation）指出，你感兴趣的话题（如体育、室内装潢或健康）的杂志中，充满了你在日常对话中可能想不到的词汇。当阅读下一期杂志时，请留意你上个月学到的单词；很有可能，这次你就会记住它们的含义了。

flip through sth 表示“快速浏览；草草翻阅”，英文解释为“to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc.”

skim /skɪm/ 1）表示“掠过，擦过（表面）”，英文解释为“to move quickly just above a surface without touching it”举个🌰：The birds skimmed (across/along/over) the tops of the waves. 鸟儿从浪尖上飞过。

2）表示“浏览，粗略地考虑”，英文解释为“to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main points, without studying it in detail”举个🌰：I've only skimmed (through/over) his letter; I haven't read it carefully yet. 我只是大致看了一遍他的来信，还没有细读。

📍“skim”意为轻触或掠过表面，象征着快速阅读或浏览信息而不深入细节。想象在宫殿的一个宁静的池塘边，水面轻轻掠过，就像是目光在文字上轻快掠过。近义词：glance over（快速查看），同根词：skimmer（撇油器；撇渣器；撇去浮物的人或物），常用短语：skim through（快速浏览）

roundup /ˈrɑʊndˌʌp/ 表示“综述；集拢；围捕；摘要”，英文解释为“In journalism, especially television or radio, a roundup of news is a summary of the main events that have happened.”举个🌰：First, we have this roundup of the day's news. 首先是今日新闻综述。

📍“round-”表示围绕，环绕，“-up”表示向上或结束的动作。结合起来，这个词描述了将信息集中起来进行总结的过程。近义词：summary（摘要），常用短语：news roundup（新闻摘要）

caption /ˈkæp.ʃən/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（图片或卡通的）说明文字”，英文解释为“A caption is the words printed underneath a picture or cartoon which explain what it is about.”如：a captioned photograph 一幅带有文字说明的照片，举个🌰：The local paper featured me standing on a stepladder with a caption, "He climbs the ladder to success." 当地的报纸刊登了一幅我站在梯子上的特写，下面写着：“他登上了成功之梯。”

📍“cap-”来自拉丁语“capere”，意味着抓取、捕获。在这里，“caption”捕获图片或场景的精髓，并用文字表达出来。近义词：subtitle（字幕），同根词：capture（捕获），常用短语：photo caption（照片说明）

issue /ˈɪʃ.uː/ 1）表示“问题；议题”，英文解释为“a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about”如：environmental/ethical/personal issues 环境/道德/个人问题。

2）表示“（报刊的）期，号，版次”，英文解释为“a set of newspapers or magazines published at the same time or a single copy of a newspaper or magazine”举个🌰：There's an article on motorbikes in the latest/next issue. 在最近一期/下一期上有一篇关于摩托车的文章。

3）表示“（股票的）发行”，英文解释为“An issue of shares is a time when a company gives people the chance to buy part of it or gives extra shares to people who already own some.”

📍“issu-”来自法语“issue”，意味着出口，结果，从中出来的东西。这里可以理解为杂志或报纸的“发行”是从出版社到读者手中的过程，或者是指引起关注的“问题”。近义词：problem（问题），同根词：issuer（发行人），常用短语：special issue（特刊）

(the) chances are表示“很有可能”，英文解释为“it is likely”举个🌰：Chances are (that) they'll be late anyway. 总之，他们很可能会迟到。

Listen to how words sound 听单词发音

Many people won't remember tricky words unless they come across them frequently. But if you hear a word that you think sounds interesting, you become word conscious and start using it yourself, says Neuman. Try sprinkling these fancy words that make you sound smarter into a conversation.

纽曼说，除非经常遇到，否则很多人记不住那些难记的单词。但是如果你听到一个觉得听起来很有趣的单词，你就会留意这个单词，并开始自己使用它。尝试在对话中加入这些能让你显得更有趣的高级词汇。

tricky /ˈtrɪk.i/ 作形容词，表示“难办的；难对付的”，英文解释为“If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult to deal with and needs careful attention or skill.”举个🌰：I'm in a tricky situation - whatever I do I'll offend someone. 我的处境真有点儿难办——我无论怎么做都会得罪人。

conscious /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“有意识的；神志清醒的；有知觉的”，英文解释为“awake, thinking, and knowing what is happening around you”举个🌰：He's still conscious but he's very badly injured. 他神志还清醒，但伤得很重。

📍be conscious of sth/sb表示“意识到；察觉到；感觉到”，英文解释为“to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present”举个🌰：My tooth doesn't exactly hurt, but I'm conscious of it (= I can feel it) all the time. 牙齿并不疼，可是我总觉得不舒服。

📍“con-”表示“一起”，“sci-”源自拉丁语“scire”，意为“知道”。整个词表示有共同的知识或意识。近义词：aware（意识到的），同根词：consciousness（意识），常用短语：socially conscious（社会意识）

sprinkle /ˈsprɪŋ.kəl/ 作动词，1）表示“洒；撒”，英文解释为“to drop a few pieces or drops of something over a surface”举个🌰：Sprinkle a few herbs on the pizza./Sprinkle the pizza with a few herbs. 在比萨饼上撒些香料调味。

2）表示“使某物包含少量的另一物；用…点缀”，英文解释为“to include a few of sth in sth else”举个🌰：His poems are sprinkled with quotations from ancient Greek.他的诗歌不时穿插有古希腊引文。

sprinkling /ˈsprɪŋ.kəl.ɪŋ/ 作名词，表示“少量（洒或撒下的东西）；零星喷洒（或撒下）的东西”，英文解释为“small pieces or drops of something that are dropped over a surface”举个🌰：Top each bowl with a generous sprinkling of fresh mint. 给每个碗里都多撒点新鲜薄荷。

Get out of the house 走出家门

“Going places and having new experiences are great ways to build new knowledge,” says Neuman. “Go to a museum or take advantage of other opportunities where you live. When you open your eyes to new experiences and people, you also get new words.” That's way better than searching “how to improve vocabulary” online.

纽曼说：“探索新地方、体验新事物是积累新知识的好方法。去博物馆，或者利用你所在地的其他机会。当你敞开眼界感受新体验和人物时，你也会学到新单词。”这比在网上搜索“如何提高词汇量”好多了。

Listen to the radio 收听广播

Spend your commute listening to talk radio or podcasts instead of zoning out. Those types of programs can expose you to topics (and subsequently words) you may not be familiar with.

利用通勤时间收听广播谈话节目或播客，而不要茫然发呆。这类节目可以让你接触到你可能不熟悉的话题（以及相应词汇）。

commute /kəˈmjuːt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“上下班往返；往返于工作地点与家之间；通勤”，英文解释为“a regular journey between work and home”举个🌰：It's at least an hour's commute to work. 上班路上至少要花1个小时。

podcast /ˈpɒd.kɑːst/ 表示“播客（以数字格式储存的电台节目，可从因特网下载，然后在计算机或MP3播放机上播放）”，英文解释为“a radio programme that is stored in a digital form that you can download from the internet and play on a computer or on an MP3 player”

zone /zəʊn/ out 表示“走神，精神不集中”，英文解释为“to stop paying attention and not hear or see what is around you for a short period of time ”举个🌰：When they start talking about football, I just zone out. 他们一开始谈论足球，我就走神了。

subsequently /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/ 表示“随后；后来；之后；接着”，英文解释为“afterwards; later; after sth else has happened”举个🌰：The original interview notes were subsequently lost. 采访记录原稿后来丢失了。

Pay attention to your surroundings 关注周围环境

Next time you walk down a busy street or take a walk in the park, try to describe what you're seeing as descriptively as possible inside your head. This tactic can expose gaps in your vocabulary and provide an opportunity to fill them.

下次当你走在繁忙的街道上或在公园散步时，试着在脑海中尽可能详细地描述你所看到的。这种方法可以暴露出你词汇上的不足，并为你提供弥补的机会。

tactic /ˈtæk.tɪk/ 表示“策略，手法”，英文解释为“a planned way of doing something”举个🌰：These bomb attacks represent a change of tactics by the terrorists. 这些炸弹袭击事件表明恐怖分子改变了策略。

Read, read, read 阅读，阅读，再阅读

Try to make a little time each day to read. “Reading on a regular basis is tied to improved cognitive functioning throughout life, because you're always learning,” says Neuman. Even if you don't stop to look up every single foreign word, chances are you can improve your vocabulary simply by figuring out their meaning based on the context they're used in or by coming across them again down the line; that's just one of the benefits of reading.

试着每天花点时间阅读。“定期阅读与改善终身认知功能息息相关，因为你一直在学习，”纽曼说。即使你不停下来查找每一个生僻词，你也有可能通过它们所使用的上下文推断它们的含义或者后文再次遇到它们，来提高你的词汇量；这只是阅读的众多好处之一。

cognitive /ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv/ 表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。

context /ˈkɒn.tekst/ 1）表示“（事情存在、发生的）背景，环境”，英文解释为“the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it”举个🌰：It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical context. 结合历史背景解读他戏剧作品中所有的争斗和流血事件，这点很重要。

2）表示“上下文；语境”，英文解释为“the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning”。

补充：

📍out of context表示“脱离上下文”，英文解释为“If words are used out of context, only a small separate part of what was originally said or written is reported, with the result that their meaning is not clear or is not understood.”举个🌰：The reporter took my remarks completely out of context. 记者引用我的话完全是断章取义。

🎬 电影《凯文怎么了》（We Need to Talk About Kevin）的台词中提到：Listen buddy, it's easy to misunderstand something when you hear it out of context. 如果你听到的东西脱离了上下文就很容易产生误解。

🎬 电影《钢铁侠2》（Iron Man 2）的台词中提到：You do understand that reading a single paragraph out of context does not reflect ... 你知道，如果脱离上下文只读一段是不能体现...

🎬 电影《三代人》（3 generations）的台词中提到：This is not helpful, you can't take things out of context. 这样做没用，你不能断章取义。

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