「Part 2」2024政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
LearnAndRecord约 15 分钟——安全发展基础巩固夯实。
—The foundations for secure development were further consolidated.
注：
安全发展基础
the foundations for secure development
巩固夯实-->进一步巩固
be further consolidated
📍consolidate /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/ 1）表示“（使）巩固；（使）加强”，英文解释为“to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain”举个🌰：The success of their major product consolidated the firm's position in the market. 公司主打产品取得的成功巩固了该公司在市场上的地位。
2）表示“（尤指企业）合并，联合”，英文解释为“to combine several things, especially businesses, so that they become more effective, or to be combined in this way”举个🌰：The two firms consolidated to form a single company. 两家小公司合并成了一家公司。
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粮食产量1.39万亿斤，再创历史新高。
Grain output reached a record of 695 million metric tons.
注：
粮食产量
grain output
📍grain作名词，表示“粮食，颗粒，谷物”，英文解释为“the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat , rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant”
📍metric ton表示“公吨，米制吨（=1,000 公斤）”（a unit for measuring weight, equal to 1,000 kilograms）
📍注意单位换算：
1公吨 = 1000公斤，1斤 = 0.5公斤
1.39万亿斤 = 1390,000,000,000斤 = 695,000,000,000公斤 = 695,000,000公吨（metric tons）= 695 million metric tons
能源资源供应稳定。
The supply of energy and resources remained stable.
注：
能源资源供应
the supply of energy and resources
重要产业链供应链自主可控能力提升。
China's important industrial and supply chains became more self-supporting and related risks were better controlled.
注：
重要产业链供应链
important industrial and supply chains
自主
self-supporting
📍“自主可控能力提升”被细分为“became more self-supporting”（变得更加自给自足）和“related risks were better controlled”（相关风险得到了更好的控制）。
经济金融重点领域风险稳步化解。
Steady progress was made in defusing major economic and financial risks.
注：
稳步……
make steady progress in …
经济金融重点（领域）风险
major economic and financial risks
📍defuse /ˌdiːˈfjuːz/ 表示“缓和；平息”，英文解释为“to make a difficult or dangerous situation calmer by reducing or removing its cause”举个🌰：The two groups will meet next week to try to defuse the crisis/situation/tension. 双方将于下周会面以求缓和危机/局面/紧张局势。
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告Part 19：有效防范化解重大经济金融风险。Effectively preventing and defusing major economic and financial risks
现代化基础设施建设不断加强。
Infrastructure was further modernized.
注：
📍modernize /ˈmɒd.ən.aɪz/ 表示“（使）现代化”，英文解释为“to make something more modern”举个🌰：Much of the house has been modernized. 房子的大部分已经现代化了。
📍这个翻译将原句中的动态过程（“[现代化]建设不断加强”）转化为了结果导向“was further modernized”，这样的处理侧重于展示最终的成果，即基础设施的现代化程度有所提升。这种结果导向的翻译更便于读者快速抓住句子的重点，理解信息的核心。
——生态环境质量稳中改善。
—The environment saw steady improvements.
注：
稳中改善
see steady improvements
污染防治攻坚战深入开展，主要污染物排放量继续下降，地表水和近岸海域水质持续好转。
Thanks to further steps to prevent and control pollution, the discharge of major pollutants continued to fall and the quality of surface water and offshore water continued to improve.
注：
污染防治
prevent and control pollution
主要污染物排放量
the discharge of major pollutants
地表水
surface water
近岸海域
offshore water
持续好转
continue to improve
“三北”工程攻坚战全面启动。
The shelterbelt program in northeast, north, and northwest China entered a crucial stage.
注：
“三北”（防护林）工程
the shelterbelt program in northeast, north, and northwest China
📍三北防护林工程是指在中国三北地区（西北、华北和东北）建设的大型人工林业生态工程。
可再生能源发电装机规模历史性超过火电，全年新增装机超过全球一半。
China's installed renewable energy capacity surpassed its thermal power capacity for the first time in history, and China accounted for over half of newly installed renewable energy capacity worldwide.
注：
可再生能源
renewable energy
火电
thermal power
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 17：坚持源头治理，加快火电、钢铁行业超低排放改造，To address problems at the source, we will quicken the pace of upgrading in thermal power, steel, and other industries to achieve ultra-low emissions,
2022年报告Part 6：新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制。and the exclusion of newly added renewable energy and coal, petroleum, and natural gas consumed as raw materials in the total amount of energy consumption.
——民生保障有力有效。
—People's wellbeing was ensured.
注：
民生
people's wellbeing
居民人均可支配收入增长6.1%，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。
Per capita disposable income of residents increased by 6.1 percent, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continued to narrow.
注：
居民人均可支配收入
per capita disposable income of residents
城乡居民收入差距
the income gap between urban and rural residents
脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展，脱贫地区农村居民收入增长8.4%。
The gains of poverty elimination were consolidated and expanded, with per capita income in rural areas that have been lifted out of poverty growing by 8.4 percent.
注：
脱贫攻坚成果
the gains of poverty elimination
巩固拓展
be consolidated and expanded
农村居民（人均）收入
per capita income in rural areas
脱贫地区
areas that have been lifted out of poverty
加大义务教育、基本养老、基本医疗等财政补助力度，扩大救助保障对象范围。
We increased subsidies for compulsory education, basic old-age insurance, and basic medical insurance and expanded the coverage of assistance and support.
注：
义务教育
compulsory education
基本养老（保险）
basic old-age insurance
基本医疗（保险）
basic medical insurance
扩大救助保障对象范围
expand the coverage of assistance and support
提高“一老一小”个人所得税专项附加扣除标准，6600多万纳税人受益。
Over 66 million taxpayers benefited from an increase in the special additional deductions for individual income tax, which cover children nursing expenses, children's education, and elderly care expenses.
注：
纳税人
taxpayer
个人所得税
individual income tax
“一老一小”个人所得税专项附加扣除
the special additional deductions for individual income tax, which cover children nursing expenses, children's education, and elderly care expenses
📍根据《国务院关于提高个人所得税有关专项附加扣除标准的通知》，自2023年1月1日起，提高3岁以下婴幼儿照护、子女教育、赡养老人（children nursing expenses, children's education, and elderly care expenses）等三项个人所得税专项附加扣除（简称“一老一小”扣除）标准。
加强城镇老旧小区改造和保障性住房供给，惠及上千万家庭。
We redoubled efforts to renovate old urban residential compounds and develop government-subsidized housing, benefitting over 10 million households.
注：
加强……
redouble efforts to …
城镇老旧小区
old urban residential compounds
保障性住房
government-subsidized housing
📍renovate /ˈren.ə.veɪt/ 表示“修复，翻新，整修（尤指建筑物）”，英文解释为“to repair and improve something, especially a building”举个🌰：He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit. 他靠翻修老房子再出售赚钱。
📍保障性住房是指政府为中低收入住房困难家庭所提供的限定标准、限定价格或租金的住房，一般由廉租住房、经济适用住房、政策性租赁住房、定向安置房等构成。
回顾过去一年，多重困难挑战交织叠加，我国经济波浪式发展、曲折式前进，成绩来之不易。
Looking back at 2023, we can see that as we faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges, China's economy grew in a wave-like fashion amid twists and turns. Indeed, our achievements did not come easily.
注：
多重困难挑战交织叠加
an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges
波浪式发展、曲折式前进
grow in a wave-like fashion amid twists and turns
「类似表述对比」
2017年报告Part 1：过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。In the past year, China's development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.
从国际看，世界经济复苏乏力，
Globally, the economic recovery was sluggish.
注：
经济复苏
the economic recovery
📍sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 表示“萧条的；迟钝的；行动缓慢的；迟缓的；缺乏活力的，性能欠佳的”，英文解释为“moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power”举个🌰：The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years. 过去这几年房地产市场一直很萧条。
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告Part 15：世界经济复苏乏力，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，The global economic recovery is sluggish, regional conflicts and disturbances are frequent, and global issues are becoming more acute.
2019年报告Part 6：国内经济下行压力加大，消费增速减慢，有效投资增长乏力。Downward pressure on the Chinese economy continues to increase, growth in consumption is slowing, and growth in effective investment lacks momentum.
2016年报告Part 5：Growth in investment is sluggish, overcapacity is a serious problem in certain industries, 投资增长乏力，一些行业产能过剩严重，
2022年报告Part 5：消费和投资恢复迟缓，The recovery of consumption and investment is sluggish.
地缘政治冲突加剧，保护主义、单边主义上升，外部环境对我国发展的不利影响持续加大。
Geopolitical conflicts became more acute, protectionism and unilateralism were on the rise, and the external environment exerted a more adverse impact on China's development.
注：
地缘政治冲突
geopolitical conflicts
加剧
become more acute
保护主义、单边主义
protectionism and unilateralism
外部环境
the external environment
对……（施加）不利影响
exert an adverse impact on …
📍exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰：If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. 如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。
📍adverse /ˈæd.vɜːs/ 表示“不利的；负面的；有害的”，英文解释为“having a negative or harmful effect on something”举个🌰：The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather conditions. 由于天气恶劣，这场比赛已被取消。
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告Part 15：同时，世纪疫情影响深远，逆全球化思潮抬头，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，At the same time, however, the once-in-a-century pandemic has had far-reaching effects; a backlash against globalization is rising; and unilateralism and protectionism are mounting.
2019年报告Part 6：世界经济增速放缓，保护主义、单边主义加剧，Growth in the global economy is slowing, protectionism and unilateralism are mounting,
2018年报告Part 10：保护主义加剧，地缘政治风险上升。protectionism is mounting, and geopolitical risks are on the ascent.
从国内看，经历三年新冠疫情冲击，经济恢复发展本身有不少难题，
Domestically, owing to the impact of a three-year Covid-19 pandemic, many difficulties facing our economic recovery and development had yet to be resolved.
注：
经济恢复发展
(our) economic recovery and development
长期积累的深层次矛盾加速显现，很多新情况新问题又接踵而至。
While deep-seated, long-standing issues became more pronounced, many new developments and problems emerged.
注：
长期积累的深层次矛盾
deep-seated, long-standing issues
新情况新问题
new developments and problems
📍pronounced /prəˈnaʊnst/ 表示“明显的；明确的”，英文解释为“very noticeable or certain”举个🌰：I'm told I have a very pronounced Chinese accent when I speak English.有人告诉我说，我在说英语时有明显的中式口音。
「类似表述对比」
在第71届联合国大会一般性辩论时的讲话：在严峻复杂的国际环境和国内长期积累的深层次矛盾凸显的情况下，amidst global complexities as well as long accumulated underlying domestic issues,
外需下滑和内需不足碰头，周期性和结构性问题并存，
A drop in external demand coincided with a lack of domestic demand, and both cyclical and structural issues arose.
注：
外需下滑
a drop in external demand
内需不足
a lack of domestic demand
周期性和结构性问题
cyclical and structural issues
一些地方的房地产、地方债务、中小金融机构等风险隐患凸显，
Risks and potential dangers in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium financial institutions were acute in some areas.
注：
房地产
real estate
地方债务
local government debt
中小金融机构
small and medium financial institutions
风险隐患
risks and potential dangers
凸显
be acute
部分地区遭受洪涝、台风、地震等严重自然灾害。
Some places were hit hard by natural disasters, such as floods, typhoons, and earthquakes.
注：
自然灾害
natural disasters
洪涝、台风、地震
floods, typhoons, and earthquakes
在这种情况下，政策抉择和工作推进面临的两难多难问题明显增加。
Under these circumstances, we faced considerably more dilemmas in making policy decisions and doing our work.
注：
政策抉择和工作推进
making policy decisions and doing our work
面临的两难多难问题明显增加
face considerably more dilemmas in …
📍considerably /kənˈsɪd.ər.ə.bli/ 副词，表示“非常；很；相当多地”，英文解释为“much; a lot”举个🌰：The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person. 不同的人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。
📍considerable形容词，表示“相当大的；相当多的；非常可观的；相当重要的”，英文解释为“large or of noticeable importance”
📍dilemma /daɪˈlem.ə/ /dɪˈlem.ə/ 表示“（进退两难的）窘境，困境；进退两难的局面”，英文解释为“a situation which makes problems, often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance”举个🌰：He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country. 他面临着是否回国的艰难选择。
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 2：我们面对的是两难多难问题增多的复杂局面。What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas.
2018年报告Part 2：经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.
2016年报告Part 1：经济工作遇到不少两难甚至多难问题，China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy,
经过全国上下共同努力，不仅实现了全年预期发展目标，许多方面还出现积极向好变化。
However, thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire nation, we accomplished the year's development goals and embraced positive changes on many fronts.
注：
全国上下共同努力
the concerted efforts of the entire nation
出现积极向好变化
embrace positive changes
（在）许多方面
on many fronts
全国上下 / 举国上下（全国人民）
all of us throughout the country / the entire nation
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告Part 1：全国上下共同努力，all of us throughout the country worked hard as one.
特别是我们深化了新时代做好经济工作的规律性认识，积累了克服重大困难的宝贵经验。
In particular, we acquired a deeper understanding of the laws governing economic work in the new era and gained valuable experience in overcoming major difficulties.
注：
积累了宝贵经验
gain valuable experience
克服重大困难
overcome major difficulties
深化了……认识
acquire a deeper understanding of …
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告Part 36：这是我们在长期实践中得出的至关紧要的规律性认识，必须倍加珍惜、始终坚持，咬定青山不放松，We have come to this understanding through many years of practice. It is a conclusion of paramount importance that we must cherish, uphold, and never deviate from.
实践充分表明，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，中国人民有勇气、有智慧、有能力战胜任何艰难险阻，
All this demonstrates that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the Chinese people have the courage, vision, and strength to meet any challenge and overcome any obstacle.
注：
党中央（中国共产党中央委员会）
the Party Central Committee / the CPC Central Committee / the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
有勇气、有智慧、有能力……
have the courage, vision, and strength to …
战胜任何艰难险阻
meet any challenge and overcome any obstacle
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告Part 20：中国人民有战胜任何艰难险阻的勇气、智慧和力量。We the Chinese people have the courage, vision and strength to overcome any obstacle or difficulty.
2019年报告Part 2：这再次表明，在中国共产党领导下，中国人民有战胜任何艰难险阻的勇气、智慧和力量，This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle.
中国发展必将长风破浪、未来可期！
There is no doubt that in pursuing development, China will continue to surge ahead, cleave mighty waves, and advance toward a great future.
注：
长风破浪、未来可期
continue to surge ahead, cleave mighty waves, and advance toward a great future
📍cleave /kliːv/ 表示“劈开；（使）裂开；（使）分开”，英文解释为“to separate or divide, or cause something to separate or divide, often violently”举个🌰：With one blow of the knight's axe, he clove the rock in twain (= into two pieces). 武士大斧一挥，将石头劈成了两半。
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告Part 36：引领和保障中国特色社会主义巍巍巨轮乘风破浪、行稳致远。Under its guidance, we will ensure that the great ship of socialism with Chinese characteristics catches the wind, cuts through the waves, and sails steadily into the future.
2016年报告Part 9：and respond effectively to challenges so as to ensure that China’s economy, like a gigantic ship, breaks the waves and goes the distance. 妥善应对挑战，使中国经济这艘巨轮破浪远航。
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