莫斯科音乐厅恐袭事件

今日俄罗斯通讯社报道，莫斯科近郊音乐厅恐怖袭击事件已造成143人死亡。

无注释原文：

What we know about the Moscow concert hall attack

From: CNN

Russia has been left reeling in the wake of the nation’s worst terrorist attack in decades.

Nearly a dozen people have been detained in connection with the massacre, which saw armed assailants storm a popular concert venue complex on the outskirts of the capital, killing more than 130 people.

Here’s what we know.

Attackers armed with guns and incendiary devices opened fire at random at the Crocus City complex - home to both a popular music hall and shopping center - on Friday night.

Crowds were still filing in but the auditorium was already packed with people ahead of a concert by the band Picnic. Some 6,500 tickets had reportedly been sold for the show. But instead of a night dancing away to rock music, sheer chaos unfolded.

Panicked eyewitnesses captured on video the exact moment gunmen, dressed in camouflage fatigues and carrying automatic weapons, started shooting indiscriminately. The footage showed concertgoers screaming and ducking for cover behind cushioned seats while others huddled together as shots echoed through the vast hall.

During the rampage, one group sheltering next to a large wall of windows outside the concert venue were forced to break them to escape the gunfire, video obtained by CNN shows.

An unnamed male witness who survived the attack said the gunmen entered the concert hall and “started shooting everyone.”

“I was sitting in the hall upstairs where the balconies were. We heard gunshots. At first, we didn’t understand what had happened,” he said in an interview, which was published by Reuters. He added that the attackers threw a Molotov cocktail, and then “everything was set on fire.”

The band’s manager later told state media that the performers were unharmed.

A SWAT team was called to the area and more than 70 ambulance teams and doctors assisted victims.

Fires were still burning at Crocus City on Saturday and the roof of the venue had partially collapsed. Nearly 500 personnel were working to dismantle rubble at the scene, the Russian Emergencies Ministry said.

At least 133 people are known to have been killed at the vast complex, according to the latest update from Russia’s Investigative Committee on Saturday. Authorities say that number is likely to keep rising as emergency responders work through the scene.

Additionally, more than 100 others were injured in the incident – with many of them in serious condition, including two children.

The governor of Moscow region, Andrey Vorobyov, said Saturday that the victims of the terror attack would receive financial compensation from the region and city governments.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

What we know about the Moscow concert hall attack

From: CNN

Russia has been left reeling in the wake of the nation's worst terrorist attack in decades.

俄罗斯遭遇了数十年来最严重的恐怖袭击事件，举国震惊。

reel /rɪəl/ 表示“发蒙；感到眩晕；感到震惊；感觉心烦意乱”，英文解释为“If you reel, or your mind or brain reels, you feel very confused or shocked and unable to act.”举个🌰：We were reeling (in amazement/shock/delight) from/with the news that we had won all that money. 得知赢了那么多钱，我们都（惊愕得 / 震惊得 / 高兴得）发蒙了。I was still reeling from the shock. 我吓得依然昏头转向。

in the wake of表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks. 昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。

🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...

🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。

🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。

Nearly a dozen people have been detained in connection with the massacre, which saw armed assailants storm a popular concert venue complex on the outskirts of the capital, killing more than 130 people.

与此次恐怖袭击事件相关的十余人已经落网。武装分子突袭了莫斯科郊外一个深受欢迎的音乐厅，造成130多人死亡。

detain /dɪˈteɪn/ 1）表示“拘留；扣押”，英文解释为“When people such as the police detain someone, they keep them in a place under their control.”举个🌰：Police have detained two suspects in connection with the attack. 警方拘留了2名与该袭击事件有关的嫌疑人。

2）表示“耽搁；留住；阻留”，英文解释为“To detain someone means to delay them, for example, by talking to them.”举个🌰："Thank you. We won't detain you any further." “谢谢您。我们不再耽搁您了。”

📍词根“tain-”来自拉丁语“tenere”，意味着“持有，保留”，前缀“de-”表示“向下”，整体表示“向下持有”，即“拘留”或“扣留”。近义词：arrest（逮捕），同根词：detention（拘留），常用短语：be detained for questioning（被拘留接受询问）

massacre /'mæsəkɚ/ 1）作动词也可以作名词，表示“屠杀；杀戮”，英文解释为“the killing of a large number of people especially in a cruel way”；

2）作名词，还可以表示“（在比赛或竞争中的）惨败”，英文解释为：a very bad defeat in a game or competition，举个🌰：United lost in a 5-0 massacre. 联队以0比5惨败。

对比：

📍表示“大屠杀”的名词 carnage“（尤指战争中的）大屠杀，残杀”，英文解释为“when a lot of people are killed and injured, especially in a war”，如：a scene of terrible carnage 可怕的大屠杀场面。

assailant /əˈseɪlənt/ 表示“攻击者”，英文解释为“a person who attacks another person”举个🌰：Can you describe your assailant? 你能描述一下攻击你的人吗？

熟词僻义，1）表示“突袭；攻占”，英文解释为“to attack a place or building by entering suddenly in great numbers”举个🌰：Police stormed the building and captured the gunman. 警察突袭那栋楼房，抓获了持枪歹徒。

2）表示“气呼呼地疾走；闯；冲”，英文解释为“to go somewhere quickly and in an angry, noisy way”举个🌰：She stormed into my office waving a newspaper. 她挥舞着一张报纸怒气冲冲地闯进我的办公室。

📍2021年1月特朗普，你号没了后，各大媒体多用了storm一词，比如《华盛顿邮报》1月7日头版头条标题：Trump mob storms Captial.

📍顺便再回顾下，标题中用词，mob表示“暴民，乱民”，英文解释为“a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent”。

venue /ˈven.juː/ 表示“（公共事件的）发生场所，举行地点；会场”，英文解释为“the place where a public event or meeting happens”举个🌰：The hotel is an ideal venue for conferences and business meetings. 这家酒店是举行会议和商务会谈的理想场所。

区分：

📍avenue /ˈæv.ə.njuː/ 表示“方法；途径；渠道”，英文解释为“a method or way of doing something”举个🌰：We should pursue every avenue in the search for an answer to this problem. 我们应该尝试一切途径寻求该问题的答案。

complex /ˈkɒm.pleks/ /kəmˈpleks/ 1）表示“建筑群；综合大楼”，英文解释为“A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.”如：a shopping/sports and leisure complex 购物/运动休闲中心，a low-cost apartment complex 一个低价公寓楼群。

2）表示“配合物，络合物；复合体，综合体”，英文解释为“an ion or molecule in which one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by coordinate bond；any loosely bonded species formed by the association of two molecules.”

the outskirts /ˈaʊt.skɜːts/ 表示“市郊，郊区”，英文解释为“the areas that form the edge of a town or city”举个🌰：The factory is in/on the outskirts of New Delhi. 这家工厂在新德里郊区。

Here's what we know.

以下是我们目前了解到的情况。

Attackers armed with guns and incendiary devices opened fire at random at the Crocus City complex - home to both a popular music hall and shopping center - on Friday night.

周五晚上，携带枪支和燃烧装置的袭击者在克罗库斯城（Crocus City）综合体随意开火，这里既是著名的音乐厅，也是购物中心。

incendiary /ɪnˈsen.di.ə.ri/ 1）表示“煽动性的”，英文解释为“likely to cause violence or strong feelings of anger”如：incendiary remarks 煽动性言论；

2）表示“能引起燃烧的”，英文解释为“designed to cause fires”如：an incendiary bomb/device 燃烧弹/装置。

at random /ˈræn.dəm/ 表示“任意地；随意地；随机地”，英文解释为“by chance, or without being chosen intentionally”举个🌰：The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at random. 从所有给出正确答案的参赛者中，随意抽出的第一个将获得大奖。

Crowds were still filing in but the auditorium was already packed with people ahead of a concert by the band Picnic. Some 6,500 tickets had reportedly been sold for the show. But instead of a night dancing away to rock music, sheer chaos unfolded.

尽管人群还在陆续进场，但音乐厅内已经人声鼎沸，人们在期待着“Picnic”乐队的演出。据悉，这场演出共销售了约6500张门票。本应是一个沉浸在摇滚乐中的夜晚，却意外陷入了极度混乱之中。

file /faɪl/ 作动词，1）表示“提起（诉讼）；提出（申请）；送交（备案）”，英文解释为“to present sth so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with”如：to file for divorce 提交离婚申请书，to file a claim/complaint/petition/lawsuit 提出索赔/申诉；呈交诉状；提起诉讼。

2）表示“排成纵队行进”，英文解释为“to walk in a line, one behind another”举个🌰：The visitors filed through the entrance to the ticket offices. 参观者们排队通过入口走向售票处。

📍File本身可以表示按一定顺序排列，所以file out of就是以这样的顺序退出某处，表示以有序、整齐的方式离开某个地方。举个🌰：The students filed out of the classroom after the bell rang. 铃声响起后，学生们有序地离开了教室。

auditorium /ˌɔː.dɪˈtɔː.ri.əm/ 表示“剧院；礼堂；音乐厅”，英文解释为“a large public building where meetings, concerts, etc. are held”

sheer /ʃɪər/ 1）作形容词可以表示“陡峭的；近乎垂直的”，英文解释为“extremely steep; almost vertical”，如：a sheer mountain side 陡峭的山坡；

2）强调“（某物）之重/之大等”，英文解释为：used to emphasize that something is very heavy, large etc. 如：the sheer scope就是用于强调scope，范围之大，举个🌰：The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult. 该国幅员辽阔，造成了通信的困难。

3）也可以解释为“完全的，纯粹的（pure），彻底的”，英文释义：used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except，举个🌰：I'll never forget the look of sheer joy on her face. 我永远也不会忘记她满脸喜悦的神情。

unfold /ʌnˈfəʊld/ 字面意思就是“打开；展开；摊开”，也可以指形势或故事的“发展，展现，呈现，披露”，英文解释为“If a situation or story unfolds, it develops or becomes clear to other people.”举个🌰：As the plot unfolds, you gradually realize that all your initial assumptions were wrong. 随着情节的展开，你会慢慢意识到自己最初的那些猜测都是不对的。

Panicked eyewitnesses captured on video the exact moment gunmen, dressed in camouflage fatigues and carrying automatic weapons, started shooting indiscriminately. The footage showed concertgoers screaming and ducking for cover behind cushioned seats while others huddled together as shots echoed through the vast hall.

惊慌失措的目击者用视频记录下了身穿迷彩服、手持自动武器的枪手开始胡乱扫射的那一刻。视频显示，当枪声在广阔的大厅中回荡时，音乐厅观众尖叫着躲到软垫座椅，或是挤作一团。

panic /ˈpæn.ɪk/ 作动词，表示“（使）恐慌，（使）惊慌失措”，英文解释为“to suddenly feel so worried or frightened that you cannot think or behave calmly or reasonably”举个🌰：Don't panic! Everything will be okay. 别惊慌，一切都会没事的！

camouflage /ˈkæm.ə.flɑːʒ/ 1）表示“（军事）掩护，隐蔽，伪装”，英文解释为“the use of leaves, branches, paints, and clothes for hiding soldiers or military equipment so that they cannot be seen against their surroundings”如：a camouflage jacket 迷彩夹克衫。

2）表示“（动植物的）保护色，保护形状”，英文解释为“the way that the colour or shape of an animal or plant appears to mix with its natural environment to prevent it from being seen by attackers”举个🌰：The lizard's light brown skin acts as (a) camouflage in the desert sand. 蜥蜴浅棕色的皮肤充当它在沙漠里的保护色。

3）表示“掩饰；伪装；隐瞒”，英文解释为“something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth”举个🌰：He believed that her kindness was merely a camouflage for her real intentions. 他认为她的好心不过是为了掩饰她的真实意图。

fatigues 表示“（士兵穿的）迷彩服，工作服，劳动服”，英文解释为“a loose, brownish-green uniform worn by soldiers”如：army fatigues 迷彩服。

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ 作不可数名词，表示“疲惫，劳累”，英文解释为“extreme tiredness”举个🌰：She was suffering from fatigue. 她劳累不堪。

indiscriminately /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/ 表示“（尤指带来不良后果的）不加思考地，未加计划地，任意地”，英文解释为“in a way that does not show careful choice or planning, usually with harmful results”

duck /dʌk/ 作动词，熟词僻义，1）表示“（尤指为避免被击中而）猛低头，猛弯腰”，英文解释为“to move your head or the top part of your body quickly down, especially to avoid being hit”举个🌰：I saw the ball hurtling towards me and ducked (down). 我看到球朝我飞过来就连忙低头躲了一下。

2）表示“（尤指为了避免被发现而）赶忙躲藏起来”，英文解释为“to move quickly to a place, especially in order not to be seen”举个🌰：When he saw them coming, he ducked into a doorway. 他一见他们来了就赶忙躲到了门口。

3）表示“将…按到水下”，英文解释为“to push someone underwater for a short time”

cushion /ˈkʊʃ.ən/ 作名词，1）表示“垫子；座垫；靠垫”，英文解释为“a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on”

2）表示“起保护（或缓冲）作用的事物”，英文解释为“something that makes the effects of a bad situation less severe”举个🌰：You should aim to build up a cushion of money in case of emergencies. 你应该尽量留一些应急的钱。

作动词，表示“对（某事物的影响或力量）起缓冲作用”，英文解释为“something that makes the effects of a bad situation less severe”举个🌰：The soft grass cushioned his fall. 柔软的草地减缓了他摔落时的冲力。

huddle /ˈhʌd.əl/ 1）表示“（尤因寒冷或恐惧而）（使）挤作一团，（使）聚成一堆”，英文解释为“if a group of people huddle together, they stay very close to each other, especially because they are cold or frightened”举个🌰：People huddled around the radio, waiting for news. 人们聚集在收音机旁，等候消息。

2）表示“（一小群人）聚集（私下讨论某事）”，英文解释为“to sit or stand with a small group of people in order to discuss something privately”举个🌰：The executive board huddled to discuss the issue. 管理层聚在一起讨论那个问题。

echo /ˈek.əʊ/ 作动词，1）表示“重复，附和；使产生似曾相识的感觉”，英文解释为“If you echo someone's words, you repeat them or express agreement with their attitude or opinion.”举个🌰：Their views often echo each other. 他们的见解常常彼此附和。

2）表示“回响；发出回声；响起回声”，英文解释为“If a sound echoes or a place echoes with a sound, you hear the sound again because you are in a large, empty space.”举个🌰：The sound of footsteps echoed around the hall. 脚步声在大厅里回荡。

作名词，1）表示“回声，回音，回响”，英文解释为“a sound that is heard after it has been reflected off a surface such as a wall or a cliff”举个🌰：The echoes of his scream sounded in the cave for several seconds. 他的尖叫声在洞中回荡了好几秒钟。

2）表示“十分相似的东西；如出一辙的事物；仿效”，英文解释为“a detail that is similar to and makes you remember something else”举个🌰：There are echoes of Mozart in her first piano compositions. 她最早创作的钢琴曲有些地方模仿了莫扎特。

During the rampage, one group sheltering next to a large wall of windows outside the concert venue were forced to break them to escape the gunfire, video obtained by CNN shows.

美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）获得的视频显示，在这场狂暴袭击中，一群人躲在音乐厅外的一堵大窗户旁，不得不打破窗户以躲避枪弹。

rampage /ræmˈpeɪdʒ/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“横冲直撞；撒野”，英文解释为“to go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage”举个🌰：They rampaged through the town, smashing windows and setting fire to cars. 他们横冲直撞穿过城镇，沿途砸坏窗户、烧毁车辆。

shelter /ˈʃel.tər/ 作名词，表示“掩蔽（处）；遮蔽（处）”，英文解释为“(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack”如：an air-raid shelter 防空洞。

作动词，表示“躲避；保护；遮蔽”，英文解释为“to protect yourself, or another person or thing, from bad weather, danger, or attack”举个🌰：We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to shelter. 我们遇上了雷暴雨，没有避雨的地方。

An unnamed male witness who survived the attack said the gunmen entered the concert hall and “started shooting everyone.”

一名在袭击中幸存的不愿透露姓名的男性目击者说，枪手进入音乐厅后“开始向所有人开火”。

“I was sitting in the hall upstairs where the balconies were. We heard gunshots. At first, we didn’t understand what had happened,” he said in an interview, which was published by Reuters. He added that the attackers threw a Molotov cocktail, and then “everything was set on fire.”

“我当时坐在音乐厅楼上的包厢里。我们听到了枪声。起初，我们不明白发生了什么，”他在接受路透社的采访时说。他补充说，袭击者投掷了燃烧瓶，紧接着“一切都陷入火海。”

balcony /ˈbæl.kə.ni/ 1）表示“露台，阳台”，英文解释为“an area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level”举个🌰：We had a drink on the hotel balcony. 我们在宾馆的阳台上喝酒。

2）表示“（剧场的）楼座，楼厅，厢房”，英文解释为“an area of seats at an upper level in a theatre”

Molotov cocktail /ˌmɒl.ə.tɒf ˈkɒk.teɪl/ 表示“摩洛托夫汽油弹；瓶装汽油弹”，英文解释为“a bottle filled with petrol or other liquid fuel, with a piece of cloth in its top, that is set on fire and thrown”

摩洛托夫鸡尾酒（Molotov cocktail）是一种简易但有效的自制燃烧武器。它的名字源于苏联外交部长维亚切斯拉夫·摩洛托夫（Vyacheslav Molotov）。在1939年至1940年的苏芬战争（冬季战争）期间，苏联对芬兰进行轰炸，而摩洛托夫声称这些轰炸是在向芬兰人民投放食物援助。芬兰人将苏联的炸弹戏称为“摩洛托夫面包篮”，而他们制作的简易燃烧瓶投向苏军坦克和士兵时，就称之为“摩洛托夫鸡尾酒”，意指对摩洛托夫的讽刺和对苏联的反击。这个名称随后就广泛流传开来，成为这种自制燃烧武器的通称。

The band's manager later told state media that the performers were unharmed.

乐队经理后来向官方媒体确认，乐队成员均未受伤。

A SWAT team was called to the area and more than 70 ambulance teams and doctors assisted victims.

特警队迅速赶往现场，70多个救护车队和医生参与了救援行动。

特殊武器与战术部队（Special Weapons And Tactics， 简称S.W.A.T.）是拥有先进技术战术手段的反暴力、反恐怖特别执法单位。S.W.A.T. 最早全称为是Special Weapons Attack Team ，意为“特殊武装突击部队”，后来因普遍认为这一名称带有暴力色彩，所以变更为Special Weapons And Tactics。

Fires were still burning at Crocus City on Saturday and the roof of the venue had partially collapsed. Nearly 500 personnel were working to dismantle rubble at the scene, the Russian Emergencies Ministry said.

周六，克罗库斯城的大火仍在燃烧，场馆部分屋顶已坍塌。俄罗斯应急救灾部表示，近500名救援人员正在现场进行清理工作。

collapse /kəˈlæps/ 作名词，表示“（系统、组织、企业等的）崩溃，瓦解，失败”，英文解释为“the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.”举个🌰：I don't know what caused the collapse of her marriage. 我不知道她婚姻失败的原因是什么。

作动词，1）表示“崩溃，垮掉，失败”，英文解释为“to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly”举个🌰：Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 劳资谈判彻底破裂。

2）表示“（由于压力、无力或缺乏支持而）倒塌，坍塌;崩溃，垮掉”，英文解释为“to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support”举个🌰：Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. 数以千计的建筑物在地震中倒塌了。

dismantle /dɪˈsmæn.təl/ 表示“拆除，逐步废除”，英文解释为“To dismantle an organization or system means to cause it to stop functioning by gradually reducing its power or purpose.”举个🌰：Public services of all kinds are being dismantled. 各种公共服务正被逐步废除。

🎬电影《弯伦》（Machete）中的台词提到：We need to uncover and dismantle this network. 我们必须揭露并且除掉这个网络。

rubble /ˈrʌb.əl/ 表示“（房屋倒塌或被毁后留下的）瓦砾堆，碎砖烂瓦，碎石”，英文解释为“the piles of broken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a building falls down or is destroyed”举个🌰：The bomb reduced the house to rubble. 炸弹把这座房屋炸成了一堆瓦砾。

区分：

📍rubber表示“橡胶；合成橡胶”， 英文解释为“an elastic substance (= that stretches) made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially”。

At least 133 people are known to have been killed at the vast complex, according to the latest update from Russia's Investigative Committee on Saturday. Authorities say that number is likely to keep rising as emergency responders work through the scene.

根据俄罗斯调查委员会周六的最新消息，已知有至少133人在这座庞大的综合体中丧生。当局表示，随着紧急救援人员在现场开展工作，这一数字可能还会继续上升。

Additionally, more than 100 others were injured in the incident – with many of them in serious condition, including two children.

此外，还有100多人在此次事件中受伤，其中许多人伤势严重，包括两名儿童。

The governor of Moscow region, Andrey Vorobyov, said Saturday that the victims of the terror attack would receive financial compensation from the region and city governments.

莫斯科州州长安德烈·沃罗比约夫（Andrey Vorobyov）周六表示，恐怖袭击事件受害者将获得该地区和市政府的经济赔偿。

compensation /ˌkɒmpɛnˈseɪʃən/ 1）表示“补偿（或赔偿）物；（尤指）赔偿金，补偿金；赔偿”，英文解释为“If something is some compensation for something bad that has happened, it makes you feel better.”举个🌰：He gained some compensation for her earlier defeat by winning the final open class. 他通过赢得公开赛的决赛获得了对先前失利的一些补偿。

2）表示“报酬（雇员获得的金钱和其他福利的总和）”，英文解释为“the combination of money and other benefits (= rewards) that an employee receives for doing their job”举个🌰：Annual compensation for our executives includes salary and bonus under our incentive plan. 我们的高级管理人员获得的年度报酬包括工资以及按奖励计划发放的奖金。

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