《歌手2024》成“那英历险记”？

昨晚，时隔四年，《歌手2024》正式回归。今年节目采用“直播”模式，主打一个真唱不修音，引发关注。

首期排名：第一名美国歌手香缇·莫（Chanté Moore）、第二名加拿大籍摩洛哥裔歌手凡希亚·奥伊亚（Faouzia Ouihya）、第三名那英、第四名汪苏泷、第五名二手玫瑰、第六名杨丞琳、第七名海来阿木。

你看了吗？在你心目中谁能来补位呢？

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看为什么听录制音乐的感受永远比不上听现场呢？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the study, how does live music affect the brain compared to recorded music?

A) It decreases activity in the brain's emotional centers.

B) It has less impact on the brain's processing of musical features.

C) It engages the brain's emotion centers more intensively.

D) It leads to less differentiation in brain responses to music tempo.

A) Visual cues from the audience

B) The pianist's own emotional response to the music

C) Real-time brain activity of the participant

D) Pre-recorded clapping and cheering sounds

无注释原文：

Why recorded music will never feel as good as the real thing

The answer, according to neuroscience

From: The Economist, Feb 28th 2024

IN A WORLD of music streaming services, access to almost any song is just a few clicks away. Yet, the live gig lives on. People still fill sweaty basements, muddy fields and gilded concert halls to hear their favourite musicians play. And now neuroscientists might know why: live music engages the brain's emotion centres more than its recorded counterpart.

Concerts are immersive social experiences in which people listen to and feel the music together through crescendos, key changes and drops. They are also dynamic—artists can adapt their playing according to the crowd's reaction.

It was this last difference that led neuroscientists, based at the Universities of Zurich and Oslo, to study the brain responses of people listening to music. In the “live” experiment, participants lay in an MRI scanner listening to the music through earphones, while a pianist was positioned outside the room. The pianist was shown the participant's real-time brain activity as a form of feedback. In the recorded condition, participants listened to pre-recorded versions of the same tunes.

The scientists were interested in how live music affected the areas of the brain that process emotions. In the live condition pianists were instructed to try and modulate their playing in order to drive the activity in one of these regions known as the amygdala, an almond-shaped area deep inside the brain.

The results, just published in the journal PNAS, showed that live music had far more emotional impact. Whether the music was happy or sad, listening to the pianist playing in a dynamic way generated more activity in both the amygdala and other parts of the brain's emotion processing network. The researchers also found that participants' brain activity tracked the acoustic features of the music, like tempo and pitch, far more closely when it was played live.

The study was far from replicating the real experience of a gig, and the authors noted that the live music ended up sounding quite different from the recorded tracks, which may have driven some of the differences in participant's brain activity. But the results indicate that the ability of artists to change the way they play in response to the audience may be one aspect of what makes live music special. Some musical acts now attempt to recreate the real gig experience with everything but the artist—ABBA Voyage is a social, immersive show performed entirely by pre-recorded hologram avatars. But without Benny's ability to read the mood of the room, it will never quite match the real thing.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为经济学人官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why recorded music will never feel as good as the real thing 为什么听录制音乐的感受永远比不上听现场

The answer, according to neuroscience 来自神经科学的答案

From: The Economist, Feb 28th 2024

IN A WORLD of music streaming services, access to almost any song is just a few clicks away. Yet, the live gig lives on. People still fill sweaty basements, muddy fields and gilded concert halls to hear their favourite musicians play. And now neuroscientists might know why: live music engages the brain's emotion centres more than its recorded counterpart.

在一个音乐流媒体服务大行其道的世界里，点几下鼠标就能听到几乎任何歌曲。但现场演出仍在继续。人们仍然挤在闷热的地下室、泥泞的户外和金碧辉煌的音乐厅里欣赏他们钟爱的音乐家演奏。现在神经科学家可能找到了原因：现场音乐比录制音乐更能调动大脑的情感中心。

neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəns/ 表示“神经系统科学（对神经系统的解剖学、生理学、生物化学和药理学的研究）”，英文解释为“the study of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system”

📍stream /striːm/ 动词，表示“用流式传输，流播（无须待整个文件下载到计算机便可播放互联网上的视频或音频文件）；在线收听（或收看）”，英文解释为“to play video or sound on a computer by receiving it as a continuous stream, from the Internet for example, rather than needing to wait until the whole of the material has been downloaded”。

📍streaming 名词，表示“（音频或视频的）流动式接收，在线收听（或收看）”，英文解释为“the activity of listening to or watching sound or video directly from the internet”举个🌰：NTV Sports now comes with free live streaming for mobile devices. NTV体育台现在向用户提供免费的手机直播服务。

📍streaming service表示“流媒体服务，串流服务”，英文解释为“a service that sends video, music, etc., over the internet so that people can watch or listen to it immediately rather than having to download it, or rather than having to watch or listen at a particular time when something is broadcast”举个🌰：A streaming service such as Netflix or Amazon Prime provides unlimited streaming of TV shows, movies, comedy specials and original programming. 网飞或亚马逊Prime等流媒体服务可提供电视节目、电影、喜剧特辑和原创节目的无限流媒体节目。

此处 live 读作/laɪv/，可以作形容词，也可以作副词，表示“直播的；现场播出的”，英文解释为“broadcast as it happens; performing or being performed in front of an audience”举个🌰：I've got two tickets to see them (perform) live. 我有两张看他们现场演出的门票。

gig /ɡɪɡ/ 1）表示“（尤指临时的）工作”，英文解释为“a job, especially a temporary one”

2）表示“现场演出；现场演奏会，现场演唱会；现场喜剧表演”，英文解释为“A gig is a live performance by someone such as a musician or a comedian.”举个🌰：The two bands join forces for a gig on February 8. 这两支乐队将于2月8日联手举行一场演出。

muddy /ˈmʌd.i/ 1）表示“泥泞的；浑浊的；粘满烂泥的”，英文解释为“covered by or containing mud (= wet, sticky earth)”举个🌰：Don't bring those muddy boots inside! 别把那双粘满烂泥的靴子拿进来！

2）表示“（颜色）灰暗的，暗淡的”，英文解释为“Muddy colours are dark and not bright.”举个🌰：The room has been painted in muddy browns and greens. 起居室被漆成灰暗的棕色和绿色。

gilded /ˈɡɪl.dɪd/ 1）表示“镀金的;有金色涂层的;涂成金色的”，英文解释为“covered with a thin layer of gold or a substance that looks like gold”举个🌰：The gilded dome of the cathedral rises above the city. 大教堂的金色穹顶高耸于城市上空。

2）表示“富有的；上流社会的，上层阶级的”，英文解释为“rich or of a higher social class”举个🌰：The story revolves around the gilded youth of the 1920s and their glittering lifestyles. 故事围绕一群20世纪20年代的上流社会公子哥儿及其奢华靡丽的生活方式展开。

📍词根“gild-”来自古英语“gyldan”，意味着“覆以金属”，尤其是金。想象一个镀金的框架使画作看起来更加引人注目。近义词: golden（金色的），同根词: gild（镀金），常用短语: gilded age（镀金时代）

counterpart一词经常出现，counter-表示“相反的；对立的；相应的”（opposite; against; in return; corresponding），和part一起就是“对立的，相应的事物”，从而表示“职位相当的人；作用相当的事物”，英文解释为“Somene's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.”

Concerts are immersive social experiences in which people listen to and feel the music together through crescendos, key changes and drops. They are also dynamic—artists can adapt their playing according to the crowd's reaction.

音乐会是一种沉浸式的社交体验，在声音渐强、音调变化和高潮部分的变换之中，人们共同聆听并感受音乐。音乐会还是动态的——艺术家可以根据听众的反应调整他们的演奏。

immersive /ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/ 表示“沉浸式的；沉浸感的；身临其境的”，英文解释为“seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something”如：an immersive theatrical experience 身临其境的剧场体验。

crescendo /krəˈʃen.dəʊ/ 表示“（音乐的）渐强；最强音；（声音的）最高点”，英文解释为“a gradual increase in loudness, or the moment when a noise or piece of music is at its loudest”举个🌰：The music reached a crescendo. 乐曲达到了最强音。

在音乐制作和表演的语境中，特别是在电子舞曲（EDM）和相关流派中，“drop”指的是曲目中的一个关键部分，通常是在build-up部分后紧接着的强烈节奏和低音释放。这一段通常标志着曲目的高潮和能量的爆发，引导观众进入狂热的舞蹈和参与。在drop的过程中，往往伴随有低音的加重、节奏的加速和和声的简化，以突出节奏和低音的影响，提高音乐的身体感受和情感反应。

作动词，还有另一个熟词僻义，霉霉分手文中提到：That update came just hours after Swift dropped her highly anticipated 10th studio album, Midnights, followed by seven additional songs released in her surprise 3am Edition of the album. 这则消息发布的几个小时前，泰勒·斯威夫特推出了备受期待的第十张录音室专辑《Midnights》，随后又惊喜推出凌晨3点版，加更7首单曲。

「Drop」就是指「发布」、「上新」、「推出」或者「发行」。例如，在音乐行业中，drop经常用来表示音乐人或乐队发布新专辑。这种用法相当于release或put out。例如，He just dropped a new album yesterday. 他昨天刚发布了一张新专辑。

类似地，在时尚界，drop也可以用来描述某些时尚品牌发布新产品线或合作系列。例如，Supreme is dropping a new collaboration with Nike next week. Supreme下周将与耐克推出一款新联名系列。

此外，drop在互联网和科技领域中也经常被用来描述新产品的发布。例如，Apple just dropped the latest version of its iPhone. 苹果公司刚刚发布了最新版本的iPhone。

需要注意的是，drop的这种含义通常只在口语和非正式场合中使用，而在正式文体和书面语中，更倾向于使用release、launch、introduce等专业术语。

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ 1）表示“思维活跃的；活泼的，充满活力的，精力充沛的”，英文解释为“having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm”举个🌰：She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team. 她年轻活泼，会给团队增添不少活力。

2）表示“不断变化的；不断发展的”，英文解释为“continuously changing or developing”举个🌰：Business innovation is a dynamic process. 商业革新是一个不断变化发展的过程。

It was this last difference that led neuroscientists, based at the Universities of Zurich and Oslo, to study the brain responses of people listening to music. In the “live” experiment, participants lay in an MRI scanner listening to the music through earphones, while a pianist was positioned outside the room. The pianist was shown the participant's real-time brain activity as a form of feedback. In the recorded condition, participants listened to pre-recorded versions of the same tunes.

正是这最后一个不同促使苏黎世大学和奥斯陆大学的神经科学家们研究人们听音乐时大脑的反应。在“现场”实验中，参与者躺在核磁共振扫描仪中，戴着耳机听音乐，同时一位钢琴家坐在房间外面演奏。参与者的实时大脑活动作为反馈被展示给钢琴家。在录音组，参与者听的是预先录好的相同的曲子。

Magnetic Resonance Imaging，表示“磁共振成像；核磁共振成像”，英文解释为“a method of using a strong magnetic field to produce an image of the inside of a person's body”

position /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ 作动词，表示“安放，放置；使驻扎”，英文解释为“an opinion”举个🌰：When it came to seating people for dinner, I positioned myself as far away from him as possible. 入座准备就餐时，我尽量坐在离他远的位置。

作名词，可以表示“观点；态度；立场”，英文解释为“an opinion on or an attitude towards a particular subject”举个🌰：My parents always took the position that early nights meant healthy children. 我的父母总是认为孩子早睡就会身体健康。

tune /tjuːn, tʃuːn/ 作名词，表示“曲调，曲子；旋律”，英文解释为“a series of musical notes, especially one that is pleasant and easy to remember”举个🌰：He was humming a tune as he dried the dishes. 他边哼着调子边擦干碗碟。

作动词，表示“为（乐器）调音（或定弦）”，英文解释为“to change a part of a musical instrument so that the instrument produces the correct sounds when played”举个🌰：Get into the habit of tuning your guitar every day before you practise. 要养成习惯，每天练习前都给吉他调一下音。

📍fine-tune /ˌfaɪnˈtʃuːn/ 表示“对…进行微调”，英文解释为“to make very small changes to something in order to make it work as well as possible”举个🌰：She spent hours fine-tuning her speech. 她花了好几个小时对自己的讲稿作细微的修改润饰。

The scientists were interested in how live music affected the areas of the brain that process emotions. In the live condition pianists were instructed to try and modulate their playing in order to drive the activity in one of these regions known as the amygdala, an almond-shaped area deep inside the brain.

科学家们对现场音乐如何影响大脑中处理情绪的区域很感兴趣。在现场组，研究人员指示钢琴家试着调整演奏来驱动这些区域中一个叫做“杏仁核”的部分，这是大脑深处一个杏仁状的区域。

modulate /ˈmɒdʒ.ə.leɪt/ 1）表示“改变（嗓音）的音量（或音质等），调节（声音）”，英文解释为“to change the style, loudness, etc. of something such as your voice in order to achieve an effect or express an emotion”举个🌰：His gentle introductory tone modulates into a coach's pre-game pep talk. 他语气温和的开场白变成了足球教练赛前鼓舞士气的慷慨陈词。

2）表示“（音乐）变调”，英文解释为“to change from one musical key to another”举个🌰：Here we modulate from G major to A minor. 这儿我们从G大调变成A小调。

amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ 表示“（大脑中的）杏仁核，杏仁体（主要影响情绪，尤其是愉悦和恐惧）”，英文解释为“one of two parts of the brain that affect how people feel emotions, especially fear and pleasure”

almond /ˈɑː.mənd/ 表示“杏仁；扁桃树”，英文解释为“an edible oval nut with a hard shell, or the tree that it grows on”如：ground/toasted almonds 杏仁粉/烤杏仁。

The results, just published in the journal PNAS, showed that live music had far more emotional impact. Whether the music was happy or sad, listening to the pianist playing in a dynamic way generated more activity in both the amygdala and other parts of the brain's emotion processing network. The researchers also found that participants' brain activity tracked the acoustic features of the music, like tempo and pitch, far more closely when it was played live.

这一刚刚发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）上的研究结果表明，现场音乐的情感冲击力要大得多。无论音乐是快乐还是悲伤，钢琴家的动态演奏都会让杏仁核和大脑情绪处理网络的其他部分产生更多的活动。研究人员还发现，在听现场演奏时，参与者的大脑活动对音乐声学特征的追踪要紧密得多，比如对节奏和音高。

track /træk/ 作名词，表示“（录制在CD、唱片或磁带上的）一首歌曲；一首乐曲”，英文解释为“A track is one of the songs or pieces of music on a CD, record, or tape.”也可表示“音轨，声道”，英文解释为“a part of a magnetic strip onto which sound can be recorded, with several tracks on one magnetic strip”举个🌰：I only like two of the ten tracks on this CD. 我只喜欢这张CD上的10首歌曲中的2首。

📍周末多睡2小时抑郁风险降低48%文中作动词，1）表示“跟踪，追踪”，英文解释为“to follow a person or animal by looking for proof that they have been somewhere, or by using electronic equipment”；

2）表示“追踪，记录…的进展”，英文解释为“to record the progress or development of something over a period”举个🌰：We continued tracking the plane on our radar. 我们继续用雷达追踪那架飞机。

🎬 电影《博物馆奇妙夜3》（Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb）中的台词提到：You're sort of set up to track my phone? You track my phone? 你装定位追踪我的手机？你竟然追踪我的手机？

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ 表示“声音的；听觉的”，英文解释为“relating to sound or hearing”举个🌰：The microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical signals for transmission. 麦克风把声波转换成电信号进行传送。

tempo /ˈtem.pəʊ/ 1）表示“（事情发展的）节奏；步调”，英文解释为“the speed at which an event happens”举个🌰：We're going to have to up the tempo (= work faster) if we want to finish on time. 如果我们想按时完成的话，我们必须加快工作进度。

2）表示“（音乐的）速度，节奏”，英文解释为“the speed at which a piece of music is played”如：a change in tempo 节奏的变化。

pitch /pɪtʃ/ 作名词 1）表示“投球”，英文解释为“a throw in a baseball game”如：a good/bad pitch 质量好/差的投球。

2）表示“运动场地；（尤指）足球场”，英文解释为“an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially football”如：a football/hockey/cricket pitch 足球/曲棍球/板球赛场。

3）表示“（尤指乐音的）音高”，英文解释为“how high or low a sound is, especially a musical note”举个🌰：A basic sense of rhythm and pitch is essential in a music teacher. 基本的韵律感和音高感是音乐教师的必备素质。

4）表示“（感情、活动等的）程度，力度；（事物的）最高点”，英文解释为“the degree or strength of a feeling or activity; the highest point of sth”举个🌰：By this time their disagreement had reached such a pitch that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion. 此时，他们的分歧已如此之大，不可能善罢罢休。

作动词，pitch /pɪtʃ/ 表示“竭力劝说”，英文解释为“to try to persuade someone to do something”举个🌰：She pitched her idea to me over a business lunch. 她在一次吃工作午餐时竭力向我游说她的想法。

📍“pitch”还是一个商业术语，通常用于描述提出一个想法、产品、服务或企业给潜在的投资者、客户或合作伙伴的过程。可以将它翻译为“推销”，“销售提案”或“推介”。

The study was far from replicating the real experience of a gig, and the authors noted that the live music ended up sounding quite different from the recorded tracks, which may have driven some of the differences in participant's brain activity. But the results indicate that the ability of artists to change the way they play in response to the audience may be one aspect of what makes live music special. Some musical acts now attempt to recreate the real gig experience with everything but the artist—ABBA Voyage is a social, immersive show performed entirely by pre-recorded hologram avatars. But without Benny's ability to read the mood of the room, it will never quite match the real thing.

这项研究离复制演出的真实体验还差得远，而且作者指出，现场版音乐最终听起来与录音室版本差异很大，这可能也导致参与者的大脑活动产生了一些不同。但研究结果表明，艺术家能够根据观众的喜好改变演奏方式可能是令现场音乐与众不同的一个方面。现在，有些音乐演出试图“再造”真实的演出体验，它们具备现场演出的一切要素，独独省去了艺术家真身——ABBA乐队的Voyage演唱会是一场联欢式的沉浸式演出，完全由预先录制的全息图像作为替身表演。但没了乐队主唱班尼体察现场气氛的能力，它永远没法跟真人演出相比。

replicate /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/ 表示“使复现；重复；复制”，英文解释为“to make or do something again in exactly the same way”举个🌰：Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment. 研究者们作了很多次努力，试图重复这一实验。

hologram /ˈhɒl.ə.ɡræm/ 表示“全息图，全息影像”，英文解释为“a special type of photograph or image made with a laser in which the objects shown look solid, as if they are real, rather than flat”

avatar /ˈævəˌtɑː/ 表示“（某些网上聊天室或网上游戏中代表个人的）头像，虚拟替身，图标；虚拟化身”，英文解释为“a picture of a person or animal that represents you on a computer screen, for example in some chat room s or when you are playing games over the Internet”，还可以指“神的化身”，英文解释：a person or animal who is really a god in human or animal form literary.

📍《阿凡达》的英文名即为：Avatar.

那么，微信头像就叫WeChat Avatar吗？我们看看微信官方怎么说的吧，把你的微信语言设置成英文，你就可以看到，微信英文版中把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。

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