拜登特朗普再交锋

近日，美国2024年总统选举候选人首场电视辩论正式举行，拜登和特朗普时隔近四年再次面对面交锋。

🤔️小作业：

1. Why did Trump's aides advise him to take a less aggressive approach during the debate?

A) To avoid alienating voters

B) To appear more presidential

C) To focus on his economic policies

D) To better prepare for future debates

A) Focused  B) Wandered

C) Stopped  D) Repeated

无注释原文：

Biden's Debate Performance Against Trump Rekindles Questions About Fitness for Office

From: The Wall Street Journal

President Biden and former President Donald Trump clashed over the economy, abortion and immigration in their first presidential debate of the 2024 election, as the Democratic incumbent delivered an unsteady performance that rekindled questions about his age.

The animosity between the rivals was evident immediately as they walked onto the stage declining to offer a traditional handshake, and they launched into arguments over who had a better record on the economy.

The debate at a CNN studio in Atlanta put a spotlight on the presumptive nominees' advanced ages. Biden, 81 years old, is the oldest person to serve as president, and Trump, 78, if elected, would be poised to claim that distinction toward the end of his second term.

Biden's voice sounded raspy, which aides attributed to a cold, and he at times stumbled over his words. Early in the debate, the president appeared to falter as he talked about his desire to increase taxes on the wealthy to pay for more benefits. He appeared to lose his train of thought when he listed programs that could be funded by more taxes.

Biden ticked off child care and elder care, and then meandered for a few moments. He paused for about three seconds before continuing and saying: “We finally beat Medicare.”

“I really don't know what he said at the end of that sentence. I don't think he knows what he said, either,” Trump said mockingly of Biden at one point. Trump, for his part, largely followed the advice of aides who wanted him to take a less aggressive and freewheeling approach than prior debates, which turned off some voters—and stick to issues.

The rematch between Biden and Trump marked the first time the U.S. has seen a repeat between the two major-party candidates since the 1950s—and the first involving a current president and a former one since the 1890s. Many Americans have expressed dissatisfaction with their choices, and the campaigns hope the debate will inject a jolt of attention into what has been a relatively static campaign.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Biden's Debate Performance Against Trump Rekindles Questions About Fitness for Office

From: The Wall Street Journal

President Biden and former President Donald Trump clashed over the economy, abortion and immigration in their first presidential debate of the 2024 election, as the Democratic incumbent delivered an unsteady performance that rekindled questions about his age.

美国总统拜登（Joe Biden）和前总统特朗普（Donald Trump）周四在2024年竞选活动的首场总统辩论中就经济、堕胎和移民问题展开唇枪舌剑；现任总统拜登在辩论中时而结结巴巴，再次引发了人们对其年龄是否能胜任的质疑。

clash /klæʃ/  作名词，1）表示“（两群人之间的）打斗，打架，冲突”，英文解释为“a short fight between two groups of people”举个🌰：Clashes broke out between them. 他们间发生了冲突。

2）表示“争论；辩论；争执”，英文解释为“an argument between two people or groups of people who have different beliefs and ideas”举个🌰：Don't make any policy decisions which clash with official company thinking. 不要做与公司官方理念有分歧的任何政策性决定。

作动词，1）表示“打斗，打架；发生冲突；争论，争辩”，英文解释为“to fight or argue”

2）表示“（两种意见、声明或品质）有分歧，不相容，相抵触”，英文解释为“If two opinions, statements, or qualities clash, they are very different from each other.”举个🌰：This latest statement from the White House clashes with important aspects of US foreign policy. 白宫的最新声明与美国外交政策的重要方面相抵触。

3）表示“（颜色或风格）不协调，不搭配，不和谐”，英文解释为“If colours or styles clash, they look ugly or wrong together.”举个🌰：I like red and orange together, though lots of people think they clash. 我喜欢红色和橙色相搭配，尽管许多人认为这两种颜色不协调。

abortion /əˈbɔː.ʃən/ 表示“（通常指通过手术进行的）堕胎，人工流产”，英文解释为“If a woman has an abortion, she ends her pregnancy deliberately so that the baby is not born alive.”举个🌰：He and his girlfriend had been going out together for a year when she had an abortion. 他的女友流产时，他和她已经交往了一年时间。

incumbent /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/ 1）表示“在职的；现任的”，英文解释为“having an official position”如：the incumbent president 现任总统；

2）表示“义不容辞；有责任；必须履行”，英文解释为“(formal) necessary as part of sb's duties”，通常用法be incumbent on/upon sb，举个🌰：It was incumbent on them to attend. 他们必须出席。

🎬电影《政坛混战》（The Campaign）中的台词提到：Our first question will go to the incumbent. 第一个问题是给现任议员的。

rekindle /ˌriːˈkɪn.dəl/ 表示“重新激起；重新唤起”，英文解释为“to make someone have a feeling that they had in the past”举个🌰：The holiday was a last chance to rekindle their love. 这次休假是使他们重新燃起爱情之火的最后一次机会。

🎬电影《消失的爱人》（Gone Girl）中的台词提到：Reboot, retool, rekindle, whatever! 重启 重组 重燃 随便什么词。

The animosity between the rivals was evident immediately as they walked onto the stage declining to offer a traditional handshake, and they launched into arguments over who had a better record on the economy.

拜登和特朗普走上台时，对手之间的敌意立刻显露无遗，他们没有依照传统握手，然后就谁在经济方面的政绩更好展开了激烈争论。

animosity /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/ 表示“仇恨；敌意；憎恶”，英文解释为“strong dislike, opposition, or anger”举个🌰：Of course we're competitive, but there's no personal animosity between us. 我们固然是竞争对手，但我们之间并没有私怨。

rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/ 作名词，表示“竞争对手；敌手”，英文解释为“a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area”

作动词，表示“可与…相媲美，比得上”，英文解释为“to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else”举个🌰：No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。

The debate at a CNN studio in Atlanta put a spotlight on the presumptive nominees' advanced ages. Biden, 81 years old, is the oldest person to serve as president, and Trump, 78, if elected, would be poised to claim that distinction toward the end of his second term.

这场在亚特兰大CNN演播室举行的辩论让两人的高龄成为焦点。拜登现年81岁，是历届美国在任总统中年龄最大的一位，特朗普现年78岁，如果当选，他将在第二个任期行将结束之际获得年龄最大的在任总统称号。

presumptive /prɪˈzʌmp.tɪv/ 表示“可据以推定的；推测为真的”，英文解释为“believed to be something, or likely to be true, based on the information that you have”如：presumptive signs of pregnancy 怀孕的预征。

nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ 表示“候选人；被提名人”，英文解释为“A nominee is someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award.”如：an Oscar nominee 获得奥斯卡提名的人。

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ 1）表示“区别，差别，不同”，英文解释为“a difference between two similar things”举个🌰：There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions. 这两个地区的方言有着明显的不同。

2）表示“（尤指给学生的）优等评分，荣誉，奖赏；（学生作业的）优，优等”，英文解释为“a special mark/grade or award that is given to sb, especially a student, for excellent work”

3）表示“优秀，卓越”，英文解释为“the quality of being excellent”如：a writer/scientist/wine of distinction 一流的作家/科学家/葡萄酒。

4）表示“特质，特性”，英文解释为“the quality of being special or different”举个🌰：She has the distinction of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on her by the university this year. 今年只有几个人被授予了大学荣誉学位，她有幸成为其中之一。

表示“平衡的；作好准备的，摆好姿势的”，英文解释为“If an object or a part of your body is poised, it is completely still but ready to move at any moment.”举个🌰：The cup was poised on the edge of the chair. 杯子放在椅子边上（随时可能掉下来）。My pencil was poised over the page, ready to take down her words. 我的铅笔对准了本子，随时准备记下她的话。

Biden's voice sounded raspy, which aides attributed to a cold, and he at times stumbled over his words. Early in the debate, the president appeared to falter as he talked about his desire to increase taxes on the wealthy to pay for more benefits. He appeared to lose his train of thought when he listed programs that could be funded by more taxes.

拜登的声音听起来有些沙哑，有时说话还磕磕巴巴。在辩论之初，这位总统在谈到他希望向富人增税以支付更多福利时显得有些支支吾吾。当列举可以通过增加税收来资助的项目时，他似乎乱了思绪。

raspy /ˈrɑːsp.i/ 表示“（声音）刺耳的，沙哑的”，英文解释为“A raspy voice sounds unpleasantly rough.”

aide /eɪd/ 表示“助手”，英文解释为“An aide is an assistant to someone who has an important job, especially in government or in the armed forces.”

attribute /ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːt/ 作名词，表示“特性，特质，属性”，英文解释为“a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful”举个🌰：What attributes should a good manager possess? 一名优秀的经理应该具备哪些素质？

作动词，attribute sth to sb/sth 表示“把…归因于…；认为…由…生产；认为…是…所为；将（某种特质）归属于（某人）；认为（某人）有（某种特性）”，英文解释为“to say or think that something is the result or work of something or someone else；to think that someone or something has a particular quality or feature”举个🌰：The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness to an unknown virus. 医生们认为这种疾病是由一种未知的病毒引起的。I wouldn't dream of attributing such a lack of judgment to you. 我做梦都想不到你会如此缺乏判断力。

stumble /ˈstʌm.bəl/ 1）作名词，表示“犯错；失足”，英文解释为“a false step, trip, or blunder / the act of stumbling”

2）作动词表示“踉跄；绊脚”，英文解释为“If you stumble, you put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running and nearly fall over.”举个🌰：He stumbled and almost fell. 他绊了一下，差点儿摔倒。

3）表示“跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚而行”，英文解释为“to walk in a way that does not seem controlled”举个🌰：We could hear her stumbling about/around the bedroom in the dark. 我们可以听到她摸黑在卧室里跌跌撞撞地走动。

4）表示“犯错；磕磕巴巴地说，支吾；不顺畅地演奏”，英文解释为“to make a mistake, such as repeating something or pausing for too long, while speaking or playing a piece of music”举个🌰：When the poet stumbled over a line in the middle of a poem, someone in the audience corrected him. 诗人在朗诵一首诗的过程中念错了一句，听众中有人纠正了他。

5）固定搭配：stumble on / across / upon sth，表示“偶然发现（碰见）”，英文解释为“to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly”举个🌰：Researchers have stumbled across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson's disease. 研究人员偶然发现了一种药物，也许可以治疗帕金森病。

falter /ˈfɒl.tər/ 1）表示“衰弱；动摇；犹豫；畏缩”，英文解释为“to lose strength or purpose and stop, or almost stop”举个🌰：The dinner party conversation faltered for a moment. 晚宴上的谈话出现了一会儿冷场。

2）表示“蹒跚;摇晃”，英文解释为“to move awkwardly as if you might fall”举个🌰：The nurse saw him falter and made him lean on her. 护士见他站不稳，就让他靠着她。

train of thought/events 表示“思路／一连串事件”，英文解释为“a series of connected thoughts or events”举个🌰：What amazing train of thought led you from Napoleon to global warming? 是怎样的思路使你从拿破仑想到全球变暖？

Biden ticked off child care and elder care, and then meandered for a few moments. He paused for about three seconds before continuing and saying: “We finally beat Medicare.”

拜登一一列举了儿童保育、老年人护理等项目，然后又漫不经心地说了一通。之后，拜登在停顿了大约三秒钟后继续说：“我们终于打败了美国联邦医疗保险。”

1）表示“在（清单上）勾掉，做标记（表示已完成这件事）”，英文解释为“to put a mark beside an item in a list to show that you have dealt with it”举个🌰：That's one more action point that we can tick off. 我们又可以勾掉一项行动计划了。

2）表示“快速报出；列举”，英文解释为“to name items in a list”举个🌰：She ticked off two reasons for saying no. 她举出了两个拒绝的理由。

meander /miˈæn.dər/ 1）表示“（河流、道路等）蜿蜒，曲折前行”，英文解释为“If a river, stream, or road meanders, it follows a route that is not straight or direct.”

2）表示“漫步，闲逛；徘徊”，英文解释为“to walk slowly without any clear direction”举个🌰：We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town. 我们一下午都在古镇的街道上闲逛。

3）表示“（话题、过程或活动）无目的地进行”，英文解释为“If a text, process, or activity meanders, it has no clear purpose or direction.”举个🌰：The film meanders along with no particular story line. 影片不着边际地展开着，没有明确的故事线索。

“I really don't know what he said at the end of that sentence. I don't think he knows what he said, either,” Trump said mockingly of Biden at one point. Trump, for his part, largely followed the advice of aides who wanted him to take a less aggressive and freewheeling approach than prior debates, which turned off some voters—and stick to issues.

“我真不知道他那句话最后到底说了些什么。我觉得他也不知道自己说了什么，”特朗普一度嘲讽拜登说。不过，与之前的一些辩论相比，特朗普总体上没有那么咄咄逼人和敌对，他显然听取了助手的建议，以免让一些选民反感。

mockingly /ˈmɒk.ɪŋ.li/ 表示“嘲笑地，嘲弄地”，英文解释为“in a way that involves laughing at someone unkindly”举个🌰：She laughed mockingly at the drawing. 看着这幅画，她嘲讽地笑了。

aggressive /əˈɡres.ɪv/ 1）表示“好斗的；挑衅的；侵略的”，英文解释为“angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack”

2）表示“气势汹汹的；声势浩大的；志在必得的；积极进取的；有冲劲的；雄心勃勃的”，英文解释为“acting with force and determination in order to succeed”如：an aggressive advertising campaign 一场声势浩大的广告宣传活动。

freewheeling /ˈfri.wiː.lɪŋ/ 表示“随心所欲的，无拘无束的”，英文解释为“not limited by rules or accepted ways of doing things”如：a freewheeling lifestyle/society 自由放纵的生活方式/社会，举个🌰：He has given up his freewheeling lifestyle to settle down with his baby daughter. 他已抛弃了自己随心所欲的生活方式，与他的小女儿一起稳定了下来。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述孙正义的文章中提到：Mr Son's freewheeling view of governance was a mistake. 孙正义无为而治的治理观是个错误。

The rematch between Biden and Trump marked the first time the U.S. has seen a repeat between the two major-party candidates since the 1950s—and the first involving a current president and a former one since the 1890s. Many Americans have expressed dissatisfaction with their choices, and the campaigns hope the debate will inject a jolt of attention into what has been a relatively static campaign.

拜登和特朗普的再次较量标志着美国自20世纪50年代以来首次出现两大政党候选人之间的二度交锋，也是自19世纪90年代以来首次出现现任总统和前任总统之间的二次对决。许多美国人对他们的选择表示不满，竞选团队希望这场辩论能为相对平淡的竞选活动引来更多关注。

candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ 通常表示“申请人；候选人”，英文解释为“a person who is competing to get a job or elected position”，也可以指“攻读学位者“，英文解释为“A candidate is someone who is studying for a degree at a college.”

📍a doctoral candidate 指的就是即将成为博士的人，博士研究生，博士生，此外也可以直接用a doctoral student 表示博士生。

inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ 1）表示“投入；增添；引入，带来”，英文解释为“to introduce something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process”举个🌰：A large amount of money will have to be injected into the company if it is to survive. 如果要挽救这家公司就必须注入大量资金。

2）表示“（给…）注射（药物等）”，英文解释为“to put a drug or other substance into a person's or an animal's body using a syringe”举个🌰：Adrenalin was injected into the muscle. 往肌肉里注射了肾上腺素。

区分：

📍ingest表示“摄入；食入；咽下”，英文解释为“to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing”举个🌰：The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested. 这些化学制品如果摄入体内可能会引起中毒。

补充：

📍digest表示“消化”，英文解释为“When you digest food, or it digests, it is changed into substances that your body can use”举个🌰：Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。

jolt /dʒəʊlt/ 作名词，1）表示“震动，剧烈晃动；颠簸”，英文解释为“a sudden violent movement”举个🌰：As the plane touched the ground, there was a massive jolt and we were thrown forwards. 飞机着陆时剧烈震动，我们被猛地甩向前方。

2）表示“（一阵强烈的感情）震惊，惊讶”，英文解释为“an unpleasant shock or surprise”如：a jolt of dismay一阵惊诧，举个🌰：His self-confidence took a sudden jolt with the news that he had not been selected. 他未被选中的消息使他的自信心遭受意外打击。

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