结婚登记不再需要户口簿

近日，《婚姻登记条例（修订草案征求意见稿）》在民政部官网公布并公开向社会征求意见。其中，结婚登记不再需要户口簿引发热议。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What trend among adolescents born between 2001 and 2003 is highlighted by the research findings?

A) They are more likely to experience romantic relationships early.

B) They have a stronger desire to get married compared to earlier generations.

C) They are more likely to be single and satisfied with being single.

D) They prefer casual relationships over long-term commitments.

A) Marriage significantly improves mental health.

B) Marriage leads to more loneliness and depression.

C) The benefits of marriage over being single are minimal.

D) Divorce rates correlate with higher personal autonomy.

无注释原文：

Adolescents today are more satisfied with being single compared with a decade ago, study finds

From: Daily Mail, 26 June 2024

There's nothing quite like being a teenager and falling head-over-heels in love for the first time.

But today's youngsters are more likely to be single – and not be bothered about it – than previous generations, according to a study.

New research suggests that people aged 14 to 20 are more satisfied with being single than their counterparts 10 years ago.

Scientists from the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz collected data on 2,936 participants from different birth cohorts in Germany.

The material related to two separate time periods – 2008 to 2011, and 2018 to 2021 – and participants were asked questions regarding their relationship status and satisfaction levels.

Analysis revealed those born between 2001 and 2003 were 3 per cent more likely to be single and were more satisfied with singlehood than those born 10 years earlier.

Meanwhile, there didn't appear to be any significant differences between older age groups from different cohorts.

The findings could go some way to explaining why, across the world, marriage rates have been declining over past decades while divorce rates and proportions of single-person households have been on the rise.

Lead author Dr Tita Gonzalez Avilés said: 'It seems that today's adolescents are less inclined to pursue a romantic relationship.

'It is notable that, particularly in Western industrialized countries, singlehood is no longer unconventional and now considered more socially acceptable than in the past.

'This could well be the reason for the increased singlehood satisfaction.'

The researchers also note attitudes towards romantic conventions have changed over time.

'We assume that adolescents nowadays may postpone entering into a stable relationship because they value their personal autonomy and individual fulfilment over a romantic partnership,' said Gonzalez Avilés. 

Although the difference in satisfaction between today and 10 years ago is not very large, the researchers said it stands out from typical historical developments.

Writing in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, they suggest this may be due to the fact that living as a single person has become increasingly normative over time, especially among the younger generation.

'People nowadays put emphasis on individualism and personal autonomy, and have become more accepting of diverse relationship dynamics including prolonged singlehood,' they said.

'We found adolescents born in 2001 to 2003 show a 3 per cent greater chance of being single compared to adolescents born 10 years earlier.

'[This group] also reported a reduced desire for a romantic partner.

Earlier this year, new research suggested that being single might not be so bad, as experts described the idea of wedded bliss as 'largely a myth' with 'hardly any evidence' that tying the knot leads to a better life.

Scientists reviewed dozens of previous studies to examine the differences in suicide, depression, loneliness, physical health and happiness between people who are married and those who never said 'I do'.

They discovered that people who stay single typically have 'very similar outcomes' to those who are married, with 'little evidence' that getting married results in lastingly improved health or wellbeing.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Adolescents today are more satisfied with being single compared with a decade ago, study finds

From: Daily Mail, 26 June 2024

There's nothing quite like being a teenager and falling head-over-heels in love for the first time.

没有什么能比青春期的初恋更令人难忘了。

head-over-heels是一个英语习语，意思是“完全地”、“深深地”陷入某种感情，尤其是指陷入爱情。这个表达可以形象地理解为“颠倒”或“倒立”的状态，暗示着一个人在情感上失去了平衡，被爱情彻底打乱了内心的秩序。

最早形式其实是“heels over head”，最初用来形容一个人翻跟头或摔倒的状态，字面意思是“脚在头上”，即身体倒过来的状态。后来，这个表达演变为“head-over-heels”，并逐渐被用来形容一个人陷入爱情的状态，意味着这个人被爱情冲昏了头脑，完全沉浸在爱意之中。

But today's youngsters are more likely to be single – and not be bothered about it – than previous generations, according to a study.

然而，研究表明，与前几代人相比，现在的年轻人更倾向于单身，并且也不为此烦恼。

youngster /ˈjʌŋ.stər/ 表示“年轻人；少年”，英文解释为“a young person, usually an older child”举个🌰：The scheme is for youngsters between the ages of ten and 16. 该方案适用于年龄介于10至16岁之间的少年儿童。

New research suggests that people aged 14 to 20 are more satisfied with being single than their counterparts 10 years ago.

新的研究表明，14至20岁的人对单身生活的满意度比10年前的同龄人更高。

counterpart一词经常出现，counter-表示“相反的；对立的；相应的”（opposite; against; in return; corresponding），和part一起就是“对立的，相应的事物”，从而表示“职位相当的人；作用相当的事物”，英文解释为“Somene's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.”

Scientists from the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz collected data on 2,936 participants from different birth cohorts in Germany.

美因茨约翰内斯·古腾堡大学（Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz）的科学家们收集了德国不同年代的2936名参与者的数据。

cohort /ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/ 表示“有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人”，英文解释为“a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age”举个🌰：This study followed up a cohort of 100 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对100位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了6个月的跟踪观察。

📍词根“co-”表示“共同”，“hort”来自拉丁语“cohors”，意味着“围栏，团体”，整体意思是一群共同被“围栏”起来的人，即共同经历某事的一组人。常用短语：Birth cohort（出生队列）：指在同一时间段出生的人群，常用于研究随时间变化的健康模式或疾病趋势。Cohort study（队列研究）：一种观察性研究，跟踪并分析特定特征的一组人随时间的变化。

The material related to two separate time periods – 2008 to 2011, and 2018 to 2021 – and participants were asked questions regarding their relationship status and satisfaction levels.

这些数据涉及两个不同的时间段——2008年至2011年，以及2018年至2021年——研究人员询问了参与者的恋爱状况和满意程度。

Analysis revealed those born between 2001 and 2003 were 3 per cent more likely to be single and were more satisfied with singlehood than those born 10 years earlier.

分析结果显示，与10年前出生的人相比，2001至2003年间出生的人单身的可能性高出3%，对单身生活的满意度也更高。

Meanwhile, there didn't appear to be any significant differences between older age groups from different cohorts.

同时，不同年龄段的人群之间似乎没有显著差异。

The findings could go some way to explaining why, across the world, marriage rates have been declining over past decades while divorce rates and proportions of single-person households have been on the rise.

这些发现可以在一定程度上解释为什么过去几十年来，全球结婚率一直在下降，而离婚率和单身户的比例却在上升。

proportion /prəˈpɔː.ʃən/ 1）表示“比率，比例”，英文解释为“the number, amount, or level of one thing when compared to another”举个🌰：The proportion of women to men at my college was about one to eight. 我所在大学的男女比例大约为8：1。

2）表示“部分；份额”，英文解释为“the number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole”举个🌰：Children make up a large proportion of the world's population. 孩子占世界人口的很大一部分。

3）表示“（某物各个组成部分或一物与另一物之间的）相称，协调，均衡，匀称”，英文解释为“the correct or most attractive relationship between the size of different parts of the same thing or between one thing and another”举个🌰：Your legs are very much in proportion to (= the right size for) the rest of your body. 你的腿和你身体的其他部位比例非常协调。

Lead author Dr Tita Gonzalez Avilés said: 'It seems that today's adolescents are less inclined to pursue a romantic relationship.

该研究的主要作者蒂塔·冈萨雷斯·阿维莱斯（Tita Gonzalez Avilés）博士说：“如今的年轻人似乎对谈恋爱不太感兴趣。”

adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ 作名词，表示“青少年”，英文解释为“a young person who is developing into an adult”。

作形容词，表示“青春期的；青少年的”，英文解释为“being or relating to an adolescent”如：an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩；也可以指“（成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的”，英文解释为“used to describe an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's”如：adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默/幼稚的举止。

inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/ 表示“倾向于…的”，英文解释为“likely or wanting to do something”举个🌰：He is inclined to be lazy. 他喜欢偷懒。

'It is notable that, particularly in Western industrialized countries, singlehood is no longer unconventional and now considered more socially acceptable than in the past.

“值得注意的是，尤其是在西方工业化国家，单身不再是不寻常的，社会对其接受度也比过去更高。”

unconventional /ˌʌn.kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 表示“不因循守旧的；不同寻常的”，英文解释为“different from what is usual or from the way most people do things”如：an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage 不一样的童年/生活方式/婚姻。

'This could well be the reason for the increased singlehood satisfaction.'

“这很可能是单身生活满意度提高的原因。”

The researchers also note attitudes towards romantic conventions have changed over time.

研究人员还指出，人们对恋爱关系的看法随着时间的推移也发生了变化。

convention /kənˈven.ʃən/ 1）表示“大会；会议”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party”

2）表示“（国家或首脑间的）公约，协定，协议”，英文解释为“an official agreement between countries or leaders”如：the Geneva convention 日内瓦公约。

3）表示“传统；（尤指社会）习俗，常规，惯例”，英文解释为“a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society”举个🌰：They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient. 他们离经叛道，放弃了工作，开始过自给自足的生活。

'We assume that adolescents nowadays may postpone entering into a stable relationship because they value their personal autonomy and individual fulfilment over a romantic partnership,' said Gonzalez Avilés.

冈萨雷斯·阿维莱斯说：“我们认为，现在的年轻人可能会推迟建立稳定的恋爱关系，因为他们更看重个人自主性和个人成就，而不是恋爱关系。”

postpone /pəʊstˈpəʊn/ 表示“推迟，延缓，使延期”，英文解释为“If you postpone an event, you delay it or arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.”举个🌰：He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day. 他决定将探险活动推迟到第二天。

📍路透社（Reuters）在报道上海高考延期、杭州亚运会延期时标题就都用的是Postpone.

autonomy /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ 1）表示“自治，自治权”，英文解释为“the right of an organization, country, or region to be independent and govern itself”

2）表示“自主，自主权”，英文解释为“the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else”

英式 fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/ 美式 fulfillment 1）表示“完成；实现”，英文解释为“the fact of doing something that is necessary or something that someone has wanted or promised to do”举个🌰：Being here is the fulfilment of a lifelong ambition. 来到这里就是完成了一生的雄心壮志。

2）表示“满足；满意”，英文解释为“a feeling of pleasure because you are getting what you want from life”举个🌰：She finally found fulfilment in motherhood. 她最终在做母亲后获得了满足感。

Although the difference in satisfaction between today and 10 years ago is not very large, the researchers said it stands out from typical historical developments.

研究人员说，虽然现在和十年前的满意度差别不是很大，但这与以往的历史趋势有所不同。

Writing in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, they suggest this may be due to the fact that living as a single person has become increasingly normative over time, especially among the younger generation.

他们在《人格与社会心理学公报》上的论文中指出，这可能是由于随着时间的推移，尤其是在年轻一代中，单身生活变得越来越普遍。

bulletin /ˈbʊl.ə.tɪn/ 表示“（电视或电台的）新闻快报；（机构的）简报”，英文解释为“a short news programme on television or radio, often about something that has just happened, or a short newspaper printed by an organization”如：an hourly news bulletin 整点新闻快报。

normative /ˈnɔː.mə.tɪv/ 表示“标准的，规范的”，英文解释为“relating to rules, or making people obey rules, especially rules of behaviour”

'People nowadays put emphasis on individualism and personal autonomy, and have become more accepting of diverse relationship dynamics including prolonged singlehood,' they said.

他们说：“如今，人们更加注重个人主义和个人自由，对包括长期单身在内的各种关系模式接受程度也越来越高。”

diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ 表示“多种多样的，形形色色的”，英文解释为“including many different types of people or things”举个🌰：New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city. 纽约是一个在文化/种族方面具有多样性的城市。

dynamics /daɪˈnæm.ɪks/ 1）表示“动力；动力学，力学”，英文解释为“forces that produce movement；the scientific study of the forces that produce movement”举个🌰：This software is used for modelling atmospheric dynamics. 这个软件用于模拟空气动力。

2）表示“（人或事物）相互作用的方式，动态”，英文解释为“the way in which people or things behave and react to each other in a particular situation”

prolonged /prəˈlɒŋd/ 表示“延续很久的，长期的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：Prolonged use of the drug is known to have harmful side-effects. 据了解，长期服用此药会产生对人体有害的副作用。

'We found adolescents born in 2001 to 2003 show a 3 per cent greater chance of being single compared to adolescents born 10 years earlier.

“我们发现，与10年前出生的人相比，2001至2003年间出生的人单身的几率要高出3%。”

'[This group] also reported a reduced desire for a romantic partner.

“[这个群体]还报告说，他们对伴侣的需求有所降低。”

Earlier this year, new research suggested that being single might not be so bad, as experts described the idea of wedded bliss as 'largely a myth' with 'hardly any evidence' that tying the knot leads to a better life.

今年早些时候的另一项新研究表明，单身生活可能并不糟糕，专家们称婚姻美满“基本上是一个神话”，“几乎没有任何证据”表明结婚会带来更好的生活。

wedded /ˈwed.ɪd/ 表示“已婚的”，英文解释为“married”如：your lawful wedded husband/wife 你的合法丈夫/妻子。

bliss /blɪs/ 表示“极乐，狂喜；天赐之福”，英文解释为“perfect happiness”如：wedded/domestic bliss 婚姻/家庭生活的幸福，举个🌰：Lying on a sunny beach is my idea of sheer bliss. 我认为躺在沙滩上晒太阳是最大的幸福。

myth /mɪθ/ 1）表示“神话”，英文解释为“an ancient story or set of stories, especially explaining the early history of a group of people or about natural events and facts”如：ancient myths 古代神话。

2）表示“普遍但却错误的看法，无根据的观念”，英文解释为“a commonly believed but false idea”举个🌰：Statistics disprove the myth that women are worse drivers than men. 统计数据证明，女人驾车技术比男人差的观念是错误的。

knot原意表示绳子的“结”，英文解释为“a join made by tying together two pieces or ends of string, rope, etc.”

因此，tie the knot字面意思就是“打结”，此处引申表示“结婚，喜结连理”，英文解释为“to get married”举个🌰：So when are you two going to tie the knot? 那么你俩什么时候结婚呢？

🎬电影《泰迪熊2》（Ted 2）中的台词提到：Rick and I are actually about to tie the knot. 其实我们快要结婚了。

Scientists reviewed dozens of previous studies to examine the differences in suicide, depression, loneliness, physical health and happiness between people who are married and those who never said 'I do'.

科学家们回顾了之前的数十项研究，考察了已婚人士和长期单身人士在自杀、抑郁、孤独、身体健康和幸福感方面的差异。

They discovered that people who stay single typically have 'very similar outcomes' to those who are married, with 'little evidence' that getting married results in lastingly improved health or wellbeing.

他们发现，长期单身人士与已婚人士有“非常相似的结果”，且“几乎没有证据 ”表明结婚会带来持久改善的健康或福祉。

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