高铁车厢里全是碎掉的大学生

9月1日，开学季。你开学了吗？

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What does the author imply about short periods of time between classes?

A) They are not useful for academic work.

B) They should be used for socializing.

C) They can be effectively used for brief study sessions.

D) They should be spent on social media.

A) Encouraging and practical.

B) Discouraging and critical.

C) Strict and unyielding.

D) Indifferent and casual.

无注释原文：

How College Students Can Have a Great Fall Semester

From: Psychology Today, August 5, 2023

September is now here—and the start of the fall semester on many college and university campuses isn't far behind.

Whether you are a first-year student or entering your senior year, there are many things you can do to ensure that you do well in your classes while enjoying the social aspects of campus life. Planning matters, as does establishing patterns of behavior that can eventually become habits.

Don't miss class. This is an obvious suggestion, but one that some students fail to heed. To learn your course material and actively participate in a class, you must be present.

Control your social media activity. Most of us would agree that we spend too much time surfing social media and reading others' posts when we might be better off doing something more productive (e.g., reading, writing, or studying for a quiz or an exam). Yes, Instagram and TikTok are fun, but they are also abysses wherein our time is wasted. I am not suggesting you quit social media altogether, but I am suggesting you curtail your time there or, better yet, set aside time to enjoy your favorite outlets or apps—just not all day long.

Study time. If you carve out time to meander through social media, you can most assuredly save space and time to study. Conversations with my students reveal that many of them assume they need large blocks of time to do assignments, reading, and the like, so that blocks or 20 or 30 minutes between classes aren't sufficient to get homework or studying done. Not so. It is better to start reading or outlining a reflection paper with only 15 minutes to spare than it is to watch the same YouTube video the 12th time. Small amounts of time spent on assignments can add up to getting work done ahead of time.

Advance planning. Speaking of getting ahead, why not lay out your semester (or just a month) calendar of assignments and due dates so that you know what you have to do and when you have to do it? This sounds like trivial and simple advice, but you would be surprised how many students don't track their work. Looking ahead—working ahead—can help you to stay on top of things while ensuring assignments are submitted when they are due, and exams are properly prepared for rather than feverishly crammed for the night before.

Sleep. You need around eight hours of quality sleep per night—much less than that affects your performance negatively, as does too much sleep. And no, you do not do your best work by pulling an “all-nighter” to finish. Working on a paper or studying for an exam a bit each day is much better than binging all at once to finish something. Try to develop a reasonable sleep schedule.

Socializing and exercising. These are both important pursuits that have a time and place, but they need to follow attending classes and studying. You should plan to socialize like you plant to study—set aside time for friends just like you set aside time to head to the library. Many of my students report that meeting their friends for a quick chat often turns into hours of talking—with the result that the intended schoolwork never gets done. Try to study in places where you won't encounter your friends—that way you can finish your work and then have time for friends. Similarly, run or go to the gym on a schedule for a fixed period, not an open-ended amount of time.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How College Students Can Have a Great Fall Semester

From: Psychology Today, August 5, 2023

September is now here—and the start of the fall semester on many college and university campuses isn't far behind.

九月已经来临，许多高校的秋季学期也即将开始。

semester /sɪˈmes.tər/ 表示“（尤指美国和澳大利亚大学的）学期”，英文解释为“one of the periods into which a year is divided at a college or university, especially in the US and Australia”如：the first/second semester 第一/第二学期，the spring/fall semester 春季/秋季学期。

Whether you are a first-year student or entering your senior year, there are many things you can do to ensure that you do well in your classes while enjoying the social aspects of campus life. Planning matters, as does establishing patterns of behavior that can eventually become habits.

无论你是大一新生，还是即将步入高年级的学生，你都可以做很多事情来确保自己在享受校园社交生活的同时，在学业上也取得优异的成绩。规划很重要，养成良好的行为习惯也很重要。

Don't miss class. This is an obvious suggestion, but one that some students fail to heed. To learn your course material and actively participate in a class, you must be present.

不要逃课。这是显而易见的建议，但有些学生忽视了这一点。要充分掌握课程内容并参与课堂讨论，出席每一堂课是必不可少的。

heed /hiːd/ 表示“注意，听从（尤指建议或警告）”，英文解释为“to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning”举个🌰：The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines. 该航空公司因没有理会针对其日常安全工作不力提出的建议/警告而受到了批评。

Control your social media activity. Most of us would agree that we spend too much time surfing social media and reading others' posts when we might be better off doing something more productive (e.g., reading, writing, or studying for a quiz or an exam). Yes, Instagram and TikTok are fun, but they are also abysses wherein our time is wasted. I am not suggesting you quit social media altogether, but I am suggesting you curtail your time there or, better yet, set aside time to enjoy your favorite outlets or apps—just not all day long.

控制社交媒体的使用时间。许多人都能意识到，我们花了太多时间在社交媒体上浏览帖子，而这些时间本可以用来做更有意义的事情，比如阅读、写作或为即将到来的小测、考试做准备。是的，Instagram和TikTok很有趣，但它们也是浪费我们时间的深渊。我并不是建议你完全戒掉社交媒体，而是建议你减少花在社交媒体上的时间，或者，最好留出时间来浏览你喜欢的平台或App——而不是一整天都泡在上面。

surf /sɜːf/ 表示“上网，网上冲浪”，英文解释为“to spend time visiting a lot of websites”举个🌰：He spends a lot of time surfing the internet/Net/Web. 他花很多时间上网。

abyss /əˈbɪs/ 表示“深渊”，英文解释为“a very deep hole that seems to have no bottom”；也可以指“困境；险境；绝境”，英文解释为“a difficult situation that brings trouble or destruction”

wherein /weəˈrɪn/ 表示“在哪方面，在哪里”，英文解释为“in which, or in which part”举个🌰：He gazed once more around the room, wherein were assembled his entire family. 他再一次环视房间，他全家人都在那里。

curtail /kəˈteɪl/ 表示“制止；减少；缩减；限制”，英文解释为“to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something”如：to curtail your holiday/spending 缩短假期/缩减开支。

1）表示“把…搁在一边；暂缓处理”，英文解释为“to ignore or not think about a particular fact or situation while considering a matter”举个🌰：Setting aside the question of cost, what do you think of the idea in principle? 先把成本问题搁在一边，理论上讲你觉得这个意见怎样？

2）表示“拨出，留出（金钱或时间）”，英文解释为“to save something, usually money or time, for a special purpose”举个🌰：I set aside half an hour every evening to learn Japanese. 我每天晚上都留出半个小时学日语。He had some money in an account that he'd set aside for his kids. 他为孩子们存了一笔钱。

📍纽约时报（The New York Times）一篇讲述我们需要感恩，但不一定在感恩节的文章中提到：After all, if there's a day on which the benefits of gratitude are maximized, surely it's the national holiday set aside for the purpose of expressing that emotion. 毕竟，如果某一天感恩的好处被最大化，那这一天一定会是为了表达这种感情而专门设置的国家节日。

3）表示“撤销，驳回（判决）”，英文解释为“If a judge or court sets aside a previous decision or judgment, they state that it does not now have any legal effect, usually because they consider it to have been wrong.”举个🌰：The Court of Appeal set aside his conviction. 上诉法院撤销了对他的判决。

📍还是纽约时报（The New York Times）一篇讲述孙杨禁赛八年裁决被撤销的文章中提到：The global antidoping body said in an emailed statement that it was aware of the Swiss federal court's decision to set aside Sun's ban. 全球反兴奋剂机构在一份电子邮件声明中表示，它已悉知瑞士联邦法院撤销孙杨禁赛令的决定。

outlet /ˈaʊt.let/ 或者outlets一词经常出现，media outlet / news outlets 都可以表示媒体/新闻机构；outlet本身表示“商店，商行；销售公司；专卖店；直销店”，英文解释为“An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer or at a discount price, often direct from the manufacturer.”如：a fast-food outlet 快餐店，a retail outlet 零售店，举个🌰：At the factory outlet you'll find discounted items at up to 75% off regular prices. 在工厂的直销店里，你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。

📍而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译，指的就是品牌直销购物中心。

此外，也可以指“（情绪或精力的）发泄方式，发泄途径，施展的机会”，英文解释为“a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of”举个🌰：Her work provided no outlet for her energies and talents. 她的工作没有给她提供发泄精力及施展才华的机会。

📍美式英语里还可以表示“电源插座（同 power point）”

Study time. If you carve out time to meander through social media, you can most assuredly save space and time to study. Conversations with my students reveal that many of them assume they need large blocks of time to do assignments, reading, and the like, so that blocks or 20 or 30 minutes between classes aren't sufficient to get homework or studying done. Not so. It is better to start reading or outlining a reflection paper with only 15 minutes to spare than it is to watch the same YouTube video the 12th time. Small amounts of time spent on assignments can add up to getting work done ahead of time.

学习时间。如果你能抽出时间浏览社交媒体，那么你一定也能安排时间进行学习。与和学生交谈后我发现，他们中的很多人都认为自己需要大块的时间来完成作业、阅读等，因此课间的20或30分钟不足以完成作业或学习。其实不然。如果有15分钟的空余时间，与其多次观看同一个YouTube视频，不如利用这仅有的时间开始阅读或者撰写反思论文大纲。合理利用这些零碎的时间，完全可以帮助你提前完成学习任务。

carve /kɑːv/ 表示“（尤指在石头或木头上）雕刻”，英文解释为“to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc.”举个🌰：This totem pole is carved from/out of a single tree trunk. 这根图腾柱是由一整根树干雕刻而成的。

carve sth out (for yourself) 表示“靠努力开创出；努力赢得，谋得（尤指职位）”，英文解释为“to successfully create or get something, especially a work position, by working for it”举个🌰：He hopes to carve out a niche for himself as a leading researcher in his field of study. 他希望在自己的研究领域里闯出一个学术带头人的地位。

meander /miˈæn.dər/ 1）表示“（河流、道路等）蜿蜒，曲折前行”，英文解释为“If a river, stream, or road meanders, it follows a route that is not straight or direct.”

2）表示“漫步，闲逛；徘徊”，英文解释为“to walk slowly without any clear direction”举个🌰：We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town. 我们一下午都在古镇的街道上闲逛。

3）表示“（话题、过程或活动）无目的地进行”，英文解释为“If a text, process, or activity meanders, it has no clear purpose or direction.”举个🌰：The film meanders along with no particular story line. 影片不着边际地展开着，没有明确的故事线索。

assuredly /əˈʃɔː.rɪd.li/ 表示“自信地”，英文解释为“confidently”举个🌰：After a disappointing first set, he played assuredly and went on to win the match. 尽管第一局表现令人失望，他信心十足，稳扎稳打，最终反败为胜。

2）表示“肯定地”，相当于“certainly”举个🌰：These problems might not be solved by money alone, but they will assuredly not be solved without it. 仅仅靠钱或许解决不了这些问题，但是没有钱肯定不能解决。

Advance planning. Speaking of getting ahead, why not lay out your semester (or just a month) calendar of assignments and due dates so that you know what you have to do and when you have to do it? This sounds like trivial and simple advice, but you would be surprised how many students don't track their work. Looking ahead—working ahead—can help you to stay on top of things while ensuring assignments are submitted when they are due, and exams are properly prepared for rather than feverishly crammed for the night before.

提前规划。说到提前，为什么不把一学期（或一个月）的任务和截止日期列出来？这样你就知道自己要做什么，什么时候要做了。这听起来是个琐碎而简单的建议，但你会惊讶地发现，许多学生并没有意识到这一点。未雨绸缪——提前规划——能够帮助你在确保作业按时提交、考试准备充分、避免临时抱佛脚的同时，让一切都在自己的掌控之中。

trivial /ˈtrɪvɪəl/ 表示“无关紧要的；微不足道的，琐碎的；没有价值的；容易解决的，不费吹灰之力的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious.”举个🌰：He tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later. 他对这些问题置之不理，视它们为可以后解决的无关紧要的细节。

feverishly /ˈfiː.vər.ɪʃ.li/ 1）表示“异常兴奋地；十分活跃地”，英文解释为“in an unnaturally excited or active way”举个🌰：Airport employees worked feverishly to handle the unexpected traffic. 机场工作人员忙于处理突如其来的客流。

2）表示“发烧地，发热地”，英文解释为“in a way that is caused by a high body temperature”举个🌰：She lay on the bed sweating feverishly. 她躺在床上发烧流汗。

cram /kræm/  1）表示“塞满；塞进；挤入”，英文解释为“to force a lot of things into a small space”举个🌰：Eight children were crammed into the back of the car. 8个孩子被塞进了汽车的后座。

2）表示“（考试前）死记硬背，突击学习”，英文解释为“to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam”举个🌰：She's cramming for her history exam. 为应付历史考试她拼命突击。

Sleep. You need around eight hours of quality sleep per night—much less than that affects your performance negatively, as does too much sleep. And no, you do not do your best work by pulling an “all-nighter” to finish. Working on a paper or studying for an exam a bit each day is much better than binging all at once to finish something. Try to develop a reasonable sleep schedule.

睡眠。你每晚需要八小时左右的优质睡眠，睡眠不足或过多都会对你的表现产生负面影响。而且，不要以为“通宵达旦”就能把工作做到最好。每天抽出一些时间来写论文或复习，比一下子拼命完成要好得多。尽量养成合理的睡眠习惯。

quality /ˈkwɒl.ə.ti/ 熟词僻义，作形容词，表示“优质的，优良的，高级的”，英文解释为“of a high standard”举个🌰：This is a quality product. 这是优质产品。

1）表示“通宵活动”，英文解释为“an event that lasts all night”

2）表示“（尤指考试前的）通宵学习”，英文解释为“a time when you spend all night studying, especially for an exam”举个🌰：I pulled an all-nighter last night. 我昨天熬了个通宵学习。

binge /bɪndʒ/可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（尤指在饮食和花钱方面）无节制的狂热行为，狂欢，放纵，狂闹”，英文解释为“If you binge, you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money.”如：a drinking/eating/spending binge 狂饮/暴食/滥花钱，举个🌰：He went on a five day drinking binge. 他连续5天狂饮。

📍binge drinking可以指“暴饮（酒），酗酒”（the activity of drinking too much alcohol on one occasion）。

📍binge watching可以理解为“无节制地狂看某部电视连续剧”或者说“追剧，刷剧”；binge-watch作动词，举个🌰：We binge-watched an entire season of Breaking Bad on Sunday. 我们星期天一口气看完了整季的《绝命毒师》。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奈飞（Netflix）的文章中提到：Investors lap it up as hungrily as Netflix binge-watchers, who now number 193m worldwide. 投资者对奈飞的追捧一如从世界各地到它网上追剧的1.93亿人。

Socializing and exercising. These are both important pursuits that have a time and place, but they need to follow attending classes and studying. You should plan to socialize like you plant to study—set aside time for friends just like you set aside time to head to the library. Many of my students report that meeting their friends for a quick chat often turns into hours of talking—with the result that the intended schoolwork never gets done. Try to study in places where you won't encounter your friends—that way you can finish your work and then have time for friends. Similarly, run or go to the gym on a schedule for a fixed period, not an open-ended amount of time.

社交和锻炼。这两项都是重要的追求，有其时间和地点，但需要安排在上课和学习之后。你应该像规划学习一样，规划社交——为朋友留出时间，就像你留出时间去图书馆一样。我的许多学生都反映，原本计划与朋友短暂聊天，结果却演变成几个小时的长谈，导致学习任务被耽搁。建议选择在朋友不常出现的地方学习，这样可以更专注地完成任务，然后再与朋友见面。同样，跑步或去健身房也要有固定的时间，而不是随意进行。

open-ended /ˌəʊ.pənˈen.dɪd/ 表示“无结论的；无限制的；未预作安排的”，英文解释为“An open-ended activity or situation does not have a planned ending, so it may develop in several ways.”举个🌰：We are not willing to enter into open-ended discussions. 我们不想无休止地讨论下去。

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