2024年搞笑诺贝尔奖揭晓

近日，2024年搞笑诺贝尔奖揭晓啦：发现哺乳动物可通过肛门呼吸、研究死鳟鱼游泳能力、经35万多次实验证实抛起的硬币通常会落在最初的那一面……

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What was the main scientific discovery by the Japanese team that won the physiology prize?

A) They discovered that mammals can absorb oxygen through their skin.

B) They showed that animals can breathe through their rectums.

C) They found a new way to treat respiratory diseases in humans.

D) They created a method to enhance ventilator technology.

无注释原文：

Scientists who discovered mammals can breathe through their butts awarded 'Ig Nobel Prize'

From: CNN

They're a major ass-et to science.

A team of Japanese scientists who discovered mammals can breathe through their butts — a procedure that could eventually help sick humans get oxygen — received a top “honor” at a the Ig Nobel Prize parody ceremony Thursday.

The research team, led by Ryo Okabe and Takanori Takebe, took home the so-called Ig Nobel Prize in physiology for revealing that animals such as mice, rats and pigs can absorb oxygen into their bloodstream via their rectums, the Guardian reported.

At the quirky annual ceremony — which is not affiliated with the actual Nobel Prize — scientists win awards for achievements that “first make people laugh, and then make them think.”

The rump-centric research potentially offers a new way to help critically ill patients breathe when ventilators or artificial lung supplies aren't available — like when hospitals were slammed during the  COVID-19 pandemic, the scientists say in their paper.

The so-called “enteral ventilation” offers “a new paradigm” to help patients suffering from respiratory failure, the Medical and Dental University researchers wrote in the journal Med in 2021.

Other creative and wacky scientific discoveries, honored at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, focused on everything from strange plant behavior to drunk worms.

A European research team won the probability prize for conducting more than 350,700 experiments to show that a flipped coin generally lands on the same side it started on.

Meanwhile, an Amsterdam-based team of scientists used chromatography — a process for separating components of a mixture — to separate drunk and sober worms.

In the world of botany, Jacob White and Felipe Yamashita won the prize for finding evidence that some real plants try to mimic the leaves of nearby fake plants.

A French-Chilean research team won the anatomy prize for their work studying whether hair swirls in the same direction on the heads of people in the Northern Hemisphere versus the Southern Hemisphere.

At the University of Florida, James Liao's investigation into the swimming abilities of a dead trout won this year's physics prize.

The late American psychologist BF Skinner was also posthumously awarded the peace prize for his work using pigeons to guide the flight path of missiles.

Winners took home gag prizes ranging from an obsolete Zimbabwean 10 trillion-dollar bill to a spoof “transparent box” full of items related to “Murphy's Law.”

Although the tongue-in-cheek award ceremony isn't officially affiliated with the Nobel Prize, winners were presented with awards by actual Nobel laureates.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Scientists who discovered mammals can breathe through their butts awarded 'Ig Nobel Prize'

From: CNN

They're a major ass-et to science.

他们为科学贡献了“臀部”力量。

A team of Japanese scientists who discovered mammals can breathe through their butts — a procedure that could eventually help sick humans get oxygen — received a top “honor” at a the Ig Nobel Prize parody ceremony Thursday.

一个日本科学家团队发现哺乳动物可以通过屁股呼吸——这一技术未来或将帮助重症患者获取氧气。该研究团队因此在周四的“搞笑诺贝尔奖”颁奖典礼上获得了最高“荣誉”。

mammal /ˈmæm.əl/ 表示“哺乳动物”，英文解释为“any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk from her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young, not eggs.”举个🌰：Humans, dogs, elephants, and dolphins are all mammals, but birds, fish, and crocodiles are not. 人、狗、大象和海豚都是哺乳动物，而鸟、鱼和鳄鱼则不是。

butt /bʌt/ 表示“臀部，屁股”，英文解释为“slang for bottom”

procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ 1）表示“程序；步骤；常规”，英文解释为“a set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something”举个🌰：The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints. 公司采取了新程序处理投诉事宜。

2）表示“医疗处理；手术”，英文解释为“a medical operation”举个🌰：It's a routine/standard surgical procedure. 这是一个普通的外科手术。

parody /ˈpær.ə.di/ 1）表示“滑稽模仿作品（指文章、音乐、艺术品、讲话等）”，英文解释为“writing, music, art, speech, etc. that intentionally copies the style of someone famous or copies a particular situation, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous”举个🌰：He was an 18th-century author who wrote parodies of other people's works. 他是一位18世纪的作家，专对他人的作品进行滑稽模仿。

2）表示“拙劣的模仿”，英文解释为“something that is not a correct or acceptable example of something”举个🌰：The trial was a parody of justice (=very unfair) . 这场审判是对正义的嘲弄。

The research team, led by Ryo Okabe and Takanori Takebe, took home the so-called Ig Nobel Prize in physiology for revealing that animals such as mice, rats and pigs can absorb oxygen into their bloodstream via their rectums, the Guardian reported.

据《卫报》报道，由冈部亮（Ryo Okabe）和武部贵则（Takanori Takebe）带领的研究团队因发现小鼠、大鼠和猪等动物可以通过直肠将氧气吸收到血液中而获得了所谓的“搞笑诺贝尔奖”生理学奖。

physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 表示“生理学”，英文解释为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”

bloodstream /ˈblʌd.striːm/ 表示“体内循环的血液；血流”，英文解释为“the flow of blood around the body”举个🌰：The drug works more quickly if it is injected directly into the bloodstream. 该药品如果直接注射进血流里，见效会更快。

rectum /ˈrek.təm/ 表示“直肠”，英文解释为“the lowest end of the bowels, down which solid waste travels before leaving the body through the anus”

rectal /ˈrek.təl/ 表示“直肠的”，英文解释为“relating to the rectum (= the last section of the large bowel)”如：a rectal examination 直肠检查。

At the quirky annual ceremony — which is not affiliated with the actual Nobel Prize — scientists win awards for achievements that “first make people laugh, and then make them think.”

在这个古怪的年度颁奖典礼上——它与实际的诺贝尔奖无关——科学家们因因其“既让人发笑，又引发思考”的成就而获奖。

quirky /ˈkwɜːkɪ/ 表示“古怪的，独特的”，英文解释为“unusual in an attractive and interesting way”举个🌰：He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour. 他个子高高的，有一种独特、另类的幽默感。

affiliated /əˈfɪl.i.eɪ.tɪd/ 1）表示“附属（某组织）的；（与某组织）有关连的”，英文解释为“connected with or controlled by a group or organization”

2）表示“（某人在政治上）支持某党派的”，英文解释为“used to refer to people who state that they support a particular political party when they register to vote”

📍affiliate /əˈfɪliət/  作名词，表示“附属机构；分支机构；分公司；分会”，英文解释为“a company, an organization, etc. that is connected with or controlled by another larger one”，如：an affiliate of the university 大学的隶属机构/分支机构。

affiliate作动词，表示“使并入，使隶属（较大的团体或组织）；使紧密联系”，英文解释为“to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group, or organization”如：a college affiliated to Zhejiang University 浙江大学附属学院；举个🌰：The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。

顺便看下几个“xx附中”怎么说？

📍北京大学附属中学 The Affiliated High School of Peking University

📍清华大学附属中学 Tsinghua University High School

📍中国人民大学附属中学 The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China

📍浙江大学附属中学 The High School Attached to Zhejiang University

The rump-centric research potentially offers a new way to help critically ill patients breathe when ventilators or artificial lung supplies aren't available — like when hospitals were slammed during the  COVID-19 pandemic, the scientists say in their paper.

科学家们在论文中说，这项以臀部为中心的研究有可能为重症患者在无法使用呼吸机或人工肺的情况下，就像在疫情期间医院资源紧张时，提供一种新的支持呼吸方式。

rump /rʌmp/ 表示“（动物的）臀部”，英文解释为“the back end of an animal”

ventilator /ˈven.tɪ.leɪ.tər/ 表示“人工呼吸器”，英文解释为“a machine that helps people breathe when they have difficulty breathing on their own, by forcing air in and out of their lungs”

slam /slæm/ 1）表示“（使）重重撞上，（使）砰地关上”，英文解释为“to (cause to) move against a hard surface with force and usually a loud noise”举个🌰：The wind made the door/window slam (shut). 风吹过来门/窗户砰地关上了。

2）表示“严厉批评；猛烈抨击”，英文解释为“To slam someone or something means to criticize them very severely.”举个🌰：The famed filmmaker slammed the claims as "an outrageous lie." 该享有盛名的电影制片人猛烈抨击这些说法，称其为“无耻谎言。”

📍类似的，还有condemn，blast，speak out against.

The so-called “enteral ventilation” offers “a new paradigm” to help patients suffering from respiratory failure, the Medical and Dental University researchers wrote in the journal Med in 2021.

东京医科齿科大学的研究团队在2021年发表于《Med》期刊的文章中写道，所谓的“肠内通气”提供了帮助呼吸衰竭患者的“新范式”。

enteral /ˈen.tər.əl/ 表示“肠内的”，英文解释为“involving putting food substances or medicine into someone's digestive system (= the organs in the body where food is digested), rather than into the veins, for example”举个🌰：enteral nutrition Enteral nutrition is delivered into the digestive system as a liquid. 肠内营养以液体形式进入消化系统。

ventilation /ˌven.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“通风（设备）；空气流通（设备）”，英文解释为“the movement of fresh air around a closed space, or the system that does this”举个🌰：Her room had poor ventilation and in summer it became unbearably stuffy. 她的房间通风非常不好，到了夏天就闷得要命。

paradigm /ˈpærəˌdaɪm/ 表示“典范；范例；样式”，英文解释为“a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something”如：a paradigm for students to copy 供学生效法的榜样。

respiratory /rɪˈspɪr.ə.tər.i/ 表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“relating to breathing”举个🌰：Smoking can cause respiratory diseases. 吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。

Other creative and wacky scientific discoveries, honored at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, focused on everything from strange plant behavior to drunk worms.

在麻省理工学院举办的颁奖典礼上，其他一些充满创意和“脑洞”的科学发现也得到了表彰，涵盖了从奇特的植物行为到醉酒蠕虫等各类主题。

wacky /ˈwækɪ/ 表示“滑稽的；古怪的；疯疯癫癫的”，英文解释为“unusual in a pleasing and exciting or silly way”如：wacky ideas 滑稽可笑的想法。

A European research team won the probability prize for conducting more than 350,700 experiments to show that a flipped coin generally lands on the same side it started on.

一个欧洲研究团队进行了35万多次实验，证实抛起的硬币通常会落在最初的那一面，因此获得了概率奖。

flip /flɪp/ 1）表示“投掷（尤指硬币）”，英文解释为“If you flip something, especially a coin, you use your thumb to make it turn over and over, as it goes through the air.”举个🌰：I pulled a coin from my pocket and flipped it. 我从口袋里掏出一枚硬币，把它投掷出去。

2）表示“翻动，转动”，英文解释为“If something flips over, or if you flip it over or into a different position, it moves or is moved into a different position.”举个🌰：The plane then flipped over and burst into flames. 这时飞机翻了个个儿，接着就燃烧了起来。

Meanwhile, an Amsterdam-based team of scientists used chromatography — a process for separating components of a mixture — to separate drunk and sober worms.

与此同时，阿姆斯特丹的一个研究团队利用色谱法——一种分离混合物成分的方法——分离了喝醉和清醒的蠕虫。

In the world of botany, Jacob White and Felipe Yamashita won the prize for finding evidence that some real plants try to mimic the leaves of nearby fake plants.

在植物学领域，雅各布·怀特（Jacob White）和费利佩·山下（Felipe Yamashita）因发现某些真实植物试图模仿附近假植物的叶子而获奖。

botany /ˈbɒt.ən.i/ 表示“植物学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of plants”

mimic /ˈmɪm.ɪk/ 1）表示“模仿（人的言行举止）；（尤指）做滑稽模仿”，英文解释为“to copy the way sb speaks, moves, behaves, etc., especially in order to make other people laugh”举个🌰：She's always mimicking the teachers. 她总喜欢模仿老师的言谈举止。

2）表示“（外表或行为举止）像，似”，英文解释为“to look or behave like sth else”举个🌰：The robot was programmed to mimic a series of human movements. 机器人可按程序设计模仿人的各种动作。

A French-Chilean research team won the anatomy prize for their work studying whether hair swirls in the same direction on the heads of people in the Northern Hemisphere versus the Southern Hemisphere.

一个法国-智利研究团队因研究北半球人和南半球人头上的发旋方向是否相同而获得解剖学奖。

anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/ 1）表示“解剖学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies”

2）表示“（人体的）解剖构造”，英文解释为“the structure of a body, or of a part of a body”

3）表示“剖析；解析”，英文解释为“an examination of what sth is like or why it happens”，如：an anatomy of the current recession 对当前衰退的剖析。

4）表示“身体”，英文解释为“a person's body”举个🌰：On which part of her anatomy is she tattooed? 她的纹身刺在什么部位？

swirl /swɜːl/ 原意表示“使（液态、流动的物质）快速旋流；（液态、流动的物质）快速旋流”，英文解释为“If you swirl something liquid or flowing, or if it swirls, it moves around and around quickly.”

可以引申为“流传，传播”的意思，类似于spread或者是circulate，举个🌰：Rumours have swirled for years that he is on the point of retiring. 多年来一直有传言说他快要退休了。

📍circulate有“传播；流传；散布”的含义（if a story, an idea, information, etc. circulates or if you circulate it, it spreads or it is passed from one person to another），举个🌰：Rumours began to circulate about his financial problems. 有关他财务困难的谣言开始流传开来。

hemisphere /ˈhem.ɪ.sfɪər/ 表示“半球”，英文解释为“A hemisphere is one half of the earth.”如：the northern hemisphere 北半球，the southern hemisphere 南半球，the depletion of the ozone layer in the northern hemisphere 北半球臭氧层的消耗。

📍词根“hemi-”表示“半”，“-sphere”来自希腊语“sphaira”，表示“球体”。想象地球被分为北半球和南半球。近义词：half-sphere（半球），同根词：hemispherical（半球形的），常用短语：across the hemisphere（横跨半球）

At the University of Florida, James Liao's investigation into the swimming abilities of a dead trout won this year's physics prize.

在佛罗里达大学，詹姆斯·廖（James Liao）对死鳟鱼游泳能力的研究获得了今年的物理学奖。

trout /traʊt/ 表示“鳟鱼”，英文解释为“a fish that lives in rivers and lakes, or lives in the sea but returns to rivers to produce its eggs, that is a popular food”举个🌰：Thousands of young salmon and trout have been killed by pollution. 成千上万条鲑鱼和鳟鱼的幼鱼因污染而死亡。

The late American psychologist BF Skinner was also posthumously awarded the peace prize for his work using pigeons to guide the flight path of missiles.

已故美国心理学家BF-斯金纳（BF Skinner）也因其利用鸽子引导导弹飞行轨迹的研究成果被追授和平奖。

posthumously /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs.li/ 表示“死后发生地”，英文解释为“after a person's death”举个🌰：His last novel was published posthumously. 他的最后一部小说是在死后出版的。

Winners took home gag prizes ranging from an obsolete Zimbabwean 10 trillion-dollar bill to a spoof “transparent box” full of items related to “Murphy's Law.”

获奖者们还收到了别具一格的奖品，从过时的津巴布韦10万亿纸币到装有“墨菲定律”相关物品的透明盒子。

gag /ɡæɡ/ 作动词，表示“作呕”，英文解释为“to experience the sudden uncomfortable feeling of tightness in the throat and stomach that makes you feel like you are going to vomit”举个🌰：Just the smell of liver cooking makes me gag. 用动物肝脏做的菜我一闻就想吐。

作名词，表示“（尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨，笑话，玩笑”，英文解释为“a joke or funny story, especially one told by a comedian (= person whose job is to make people laugh)”举个🌰：I did a few opening gags about the band that had played before me. 我拿表演上个节目的乐队说事，插科打诨说了几句开场白。

美式英文 gag /ɡæɡ/ 可以表示“恶作剧；滑稽动作；噱头”，英文解释为“a trick played on someone or an action performed to entertain other people”

obsolete /ˌɒb.səlˈiːt/ 作形容词，表示“废弃的；过时的；淘汰的；老化的”，英文解释为“not in use any more, having been replaced by something newer and better or more fashionable”举个🌰：Gas lamps became obsolete when electric lighting was invented. 电灯发明以后煤气灯就被淘汰了。

美式，作动词，表示“淘汰（产品），废弃（想法）”，英文解释为“cause (a product or idea) to be or become obsolete by replacing it with something new.”

spoof /spuːf/ 表示“（对文章、音乐、戏剧等）滑稽模仿的作品”，英文解释为“a funny and silly piece of writing, music, theatre, etc. that copies the style of an original work”举个🌰：They did a spoof on/of the Nine O'Clock News. 他们搞了个“九点新闻”的滑稽模仿之作。

Although the tongue-in-cheek award ceremony isn't officially affiliated with the Nobel Prize, winners were presented with awards by actual Nobel laureates.

虽然这个颁奖典礼带有幽默意味，与正式的诺贝尔奖无关，但奖项仍由真正的诺贝尔奖得主颁发。

tongue-in-cheek /ˌtʌŋ.ɪnˈtʃiːk/ 表示“开玩笑地；说着玩地”，英文解释为“If you say something tongue in cheek, you intend it to be understood as a joke, although you might appear to be serious.”

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”，如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

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