微信朋友圈支持live图

近日，微信朋友圈支持分享实况照片了！据了解，该功能正在iOS 8.0.51及以上版本逐步覆盖中。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看在社交媒体上分享照片相关的研究吧。加滤镜、P图会有什么负面影响呢？

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the main conclusion drawn by the researchers regarding photo editing on social media?

A. It enhances individuals' perception of their attractiveness.

B. It has no significant impact on self-esteem.

C. It negatively affects self-perception and self-esteem.

D. It leads to increased social media usage among young adults.

A. The study conclusively proved causality between photo editing and self-esteem.

B. The sample size was large and representative of all social media users.

C. Self-reported data may have introduced bias into the findings.

D. The study focused extensively on older adults rather than young adults.

无注释原文：

Digital distortions: Study explores the consequences of photo editing on self-perception and self-esteem in social media users

From: PsyPost

A recent study published in BMC Psychology looked into how editing photos on social media platforms affects people's self-image, self-esteem, and comparisons with others. The findings suggest that editing photos can negatively impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem.

This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and treating oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters.

Nowadays, social media is widely used by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

One behavior that researchers have focused on recently is photo editing, which involves altering one's appearance in pictures before posting them on social media. While some studies have suggested that photo editing is linked to negative outcomes such as seeing oneself as an object and having low self-esteem, the relationship between these factors is not well understood.

Phillip Ozimek and his colleagues conducted a study with 403 young adults recruited through social media platforms to investigate the potential risks associated with photo editing on social media. Participants completed an online survey that included questions about their social media use, photo editing behavior, self-perception as an object, comparisons of physical appearance, self-esteem, and other relevant factors.

To measure photo editing behavior, participants reported how often they edited their selfies before posting them on social media. To assess self-perception as an object and comparisons of physical appearance, participants answered questions about how much they monitored their bodies and compared themselves to others' looks. Finally, participants' self-esteem was measured using a questionnaire that evaluated their overall sense of self-worth.

The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem.

The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an object and basing one's worth on appearance, especially among vulnerable groups like teenagers. They emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and understand why people engage in this behavior.

The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased. Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of adolescents who use social media.

This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at reducing excessive social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well-being of young people.

“Reality is more elusive as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The depiction of reality is a constructive endeavor which is subject to concealed issues of the editors. The depiction of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.”

“By understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting transparent. Because photo editing is likely to prevail in the future, the focus of psychoeducation as part of a psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread of use of corresponding techniques.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Digital distortions: Study explores the consequences of photo editing on self-perception and self-esteem in social media users

From: PsyPost

A recent study published in BMC Psychology looked into how editing photos on social media platforms affects people's self-image, self-esteem, and comparisons with others. The findings suggest that editing photos can negatively impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem.

一项近期发表在《BMC心理学》（BMC Psychology）上的研究探讨了在社交媒体平台上编辑照片对人们自我形象、自尊心和与他人比较的影响。研究结果显示，编辑照片会对个人如何看待自身吸引力和整体自尊心产生负面影响。

distortion /dɪˈstɔː.ʃən/ 1）表示“歪曲，曲解”，英文解释为“a change to the intended or true meaning of something”如：a gross distortion of the facts 对事实的严重歪曲。

2）表示“扭曲，扭歪，变形”，英文解释为“a change to the original or natural shape of something”举个🌰：When you project the photographs onto a surface, some distortion of the image may occur. 将照片投射到表面时，可能会出现图像变形的情况。

self-esteem /ˌself.ɪˈstiːm/ 表示“自尊”，英文解释为“belief and confidence in your own ability and value”举个🌰：The compliments she received after the presentation boosted her self-esteem. 发言后得到的赞誉增强了她的自尊感。

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ 1）表示“感知，察觉，注意到，意识到”，英文解释为“to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious”举个🌰：He perceived a tiny figure in the distance. 他注意到远处有个很小的身影。

2）表示“认为；看待；视为”，英文解释为“to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something”举个🌰：How do the French perceive the British? 法国人是如何看待英国人的？

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述比特币的文章中提到：Scarcity is a trait of many things that are perceived to have value. 稀缺性正是许多被视为有价值的事物共有的特征。

This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and treating oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters.

这种关联似乎受到外貌比较和物化自我（即将自己视为物品）的影响。这一发现警示社交媒体用户，应注意使用照片编辑工具或滤镜可能带来的潜在负面影响。

filter /ˈfɪl.tər/ 作动词，表示“过滤”，英文解释为“to remove solids from liquids or gases, or to remove particular types of light, using special equipment”举个🌰：The water is filtered to remove any impurities. 这种水经过滤以去除杂质。

作名词：

1）表示“筛选（过滤）程序”，英文解释为“a program that stops certain types of electronic information, email, etc. being sent to a computer.”

2）表示“滤器；过滤器”，英文解释为“a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted”

3）此前在尴尬！视频会议忘关摄像头......文中介绍有公司主管在线会议时，误开滤镜特效，会议全程整个人变成土豆头🥔，就提到：she could not figure out how to remove the filter. 主管一直搞不清要怎么关掉滤镜。filter指的就是滤镜。

Nowadays, social media is widely used by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety.

如今，数百万人广泛使用社交媒体来链接和分享自己的生活。然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。

One behavior that researchers have focused on recently is photo editing, which involves altering one's appearance in pictures before posting them on social media. While some studies have suggested that photo editing is linked to negative outcomes such as seeing oneself as an object and having low self-esteem, the relationship between these factors is not well understood.

近期，研究人员关注到一种行为——照片编辑，即在将照片发布到社交媒体之前对自己的外貌进行修改。尽管有研究指出，照片编辑与物化自我和自尊心低下等负面结果有关，但这些因素之间的具体关系尚不明确。

alter /ˈɒl.tər/ 表示“（使）改变，更改，改动”，英文解释为“to become different; to make sb/sth different”举个🌰：We've had to alter some of our plans. 我们不得不对一些计划作了改动。

🎬电影《大侦探福尔摩斯》（Sherlock Holmes）中的台词提到：that will alter the very course of the world. 足以改变世界的力量。

1）作名词，表示“职位，职务”，英文解释为“a job in a company or organization”举个🌰：Teaching posts are advertised in Tuesday's edition of the paper. 星期二的报纸上有招聘教师的广告。

📍二〇二一年新年贺词中提到“顽强不屈的坚守”时，原句：holding posts with tenacity. 其中posts指的是岗位，（坚守）岗位。

📍二〇二三年新年贺词：每个人都不容易中提到：Officials and the general public, particularly medical professionals and community workers, have bravely stuck to their posts through it all. 广大干部群众特别是医务人员、基层工作者不畏艰辛、勇毅坚守。

2）此外，经常在网上冲浪的就比较熟悉，post除了作名词，表示“网站上公布的信息；帖子”，英文解释为“something such as a message or picture that you publish on a website or using social media”，也可以作动词，表示“（在网站上）公布，发布（信息）；发（帖）”，英文解释为“to publish something such as a message or picture on a website or using social media”举个🌰：Lots of friends have commented on my post. 很多小伙伴给我的帖子评论了。

3）作动词，表示“公布（公司）财务结果”，英文解释为“to announce a company's financial results”举个🌰：The oil company posted profits of $25.1 billion. 石油公司公布利润为251亿美元。

Phillip Ozimek and his colleagues conducted a study with 403 young adults recruited through social media platforms to investigate the potential risks associated with photo editing on social media. Participants completed an online survey that included questions about their social media use, photo editing behavior, self-perception as an object, comparisons of physical appearance, self-esteem, and other relevant factors.

菲利普·奥齐梅克（Phillip Ozimek）及其同事通过在社交媒体平台上招募的403名年轻人，开展了一项研究，探究在社交媒体上编辑照片的潜在风险。参与者完成了一份线上问卷，内容包括他们的社交媒体使用情况、照片编辑行为、物化自我、外貌比较、自尊心以及其他相关因素。

perception /pəˈsep.ʃən/ 1）表示“认识，观念，看法”，英文解释为“a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem”举个🌰：These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. 这些照片会影响人们对战争的看法。

2）表示“知觉；感知”，英文解释为“the way you notice things, especially with the senses”如：visual perception 视觉；

🎬电影《失落的大陆》（Land of the Lost）中的台词提到：he has terrible depth perception 他的深度感知力很差。

To measure photo editing behavior, participants reported how often they edited their selfies before posting them on social media. To assess self-perception as an object and comparisons of physical appearance, participants answered questions about how much they monitored their bodies and compared themselves to others' looks. Finally, participants' self-esteem was measured using a questionnaire that evaluated their overall sense of self-worth.

为评估照片编辑行为，参与者报告了他们在将自拍照发布到社交媒体之前编辑照片的频率。为评估物化自我和外貌比较情况，参与者回答了他们关注自己身材以及将自己与他人外貌进行比较的频繁程度。最后，利用一份评估整体自我价值感的问卷来评估参与者的自尊心。

monitor /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tər/ 表示“监视；检查；跟踪调查”，英文解释为“to watch and check sth over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes”举个🌰：Each student's progress is closely monitored. 每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。

questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 表示“问卷；情况调查表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”

The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem.

数据显示，照片编辑越频繁，年轻人物化自我的程度就越强烈，且会就自己外貌与他人进行更多比较。而这些因素又与较低的自尊心有关。

The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an object and basing one's worth on appearance, especially among vulnerable groups like teenagers. They emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and understand why people engage in this behavior.

研究人员指出，照片编辑行为可能导致物化自我的感受，并使人以外貌来衡量自身价值，特别是在青少年等易受影响的群体中。他们强调，需要进一步研究来探讨照片编辑对心理健康的影响，并理解人们为何参与这种行为。

The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was collected through self-report measures, which may be biased. Secondly, the study design was cross-sectional, which means causality cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of adolescents who use social media.

奥齐梅克及其同事也承认，该研究存在一些局限。首先，数据是通过自我报告方式收集的，可能存在偏差。其次，研究设计为横断面研究，无法确定因果关系。最后，样本规模相对较小，不能代表所有使用社交媒体的青少年。

bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/ 作名词，表示“偏见；偏心；偏向”，英文解释为“a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement”举个🌰：Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。

作动词，表示“使…怀有偏见”，英文解释为“to cause someone or something to have a bias”举个🌰：The judge ruled that the information should be withheld on the grounds that it would bias the jury against the accused. 法官因该材料会导致陪审团产生不利于被告的偏见而责令将其收回。

biased，形容词，表示“偏袒一方的；有偏见的；倾向性的；片面的”，英文解释为“showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions”如：biased information/sources/press reports 片面的信息/消息来源/新闻报道。

cross-section /ˈkrɒs.sek.ʃən/ 1）表示“横截面（图），横断面（图），剖面（图）”，英文解释为“something that has been cut in half so that you can see the inside, or a model or picture of this”如：a cross-section of the human heart 人体心脏剖面图；

2）表示“典型，代表”，英文解释为“a small group that represents all of the different types within the total group”

📍cross-sectional study，横断面研究/调查是通过对特定时点和特定范围内人群中的疾病或健康状况和有关因素的分布状况的资料收集、描述，从而为进一步的研究提供病因线索。

causality /kɔːˈzæl.ə.ti/ 表示“因果律，因果论（即万事皆有其因）”，英文解释为“the principle that there is a cause for everything that happens”

adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ 作名词，表示“青少年”，英文解释为“a young person who is developing into an adult”。

作形容词，表示“青春期的；青少年的”，英文解释为“being or relating to an adolescent”如：an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩；也可以指“（成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的”，英文解释为“used to describe an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's”如：adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默/幼稚的举止。

This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at reducing excessive social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well-being of young people.

这项研究强调，在探讨社交媒体与心理健康之间关系时，考虑整体社交媒体使用情况以及照片编辑等特定行为的重要性。旨在减少过度依赖社交媒体或促进更健康地使用社交媒体的干预措施，可能会对年轻人的心理健康产生积极影响。

intervention /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ 表示“干涉，介入；（由家庭成员、朋友或医护人员共同开会劝导有酗酒或毒瘾问题者接受现实并开始治疗的）干预活动”，英文解释为“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation. A meeting at which someone with a drug or alcohol problem is asked by family members, friends, or health workers to accept the fact that they have a problem and is encouraged to get treatment”

“Reality is more elusive as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The depiction of reality is a constructive endeavor which is subject to concealed issues of the editors. The depiction of reality is usually not a documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.”

“现实比表面所见更难以捉摸，”研究人员写道。“对现实的呈现是一个建设性的过程，往往受到编辑者隐藏动机的影响。对现实的呈现通常不是纪实性的，而是照片编辑者意图在公众视野中呈现叙事的一部分。”

elusive /iˈluː.sɪv/ 表示“难以表述（或找到、达到、记起）的；困难的”，英文解释为“difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember”举个🌰：The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. 这些问题的答案仍然是不得而知。

depiction /dɪˈpɪk.ʃən/ 表示“描绘，描述，描写”，英文解释为“the way that something is represented or shown”举个🌰：The painter's depictions of the horror of war won her a worldwide reputation. 这位画家对战争恐怖的描绘使她蜚声国际。

美式 endeavor 英式 endeavour /enˈdev.ər/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“努力；奋力”，英文解释为“to try to do something”举个🌰：（动词）Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem. 工程师们正竭尽全力查找问题的根源。（名词）In spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her. 尽管我们尽了最大的努力，但最后还是未能联系上她。

conceal /kənˈsiːl/ 表示“隐藏；隐匿；隐瞒；隐蔽”，英文解释为“to prevent something from being seen or known about”举个🌰：The listening device was concealed in a pen. 窃听装置藏在了笔里。

🎬电影《V字仇杀队》（V for Vendetta）中的台词提到：Conceal me what I am and be my aid... for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. 你得帮助我假扮起来... 好让我达到我的目的。

narrative /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/ 1）表示“故事；叙事”，英文解释为“A narrative is a story or an account of a series of events.”如：a fast-moving narrative 一个快节奏的叙事。

2）表示“（对事件的特定的）陈述”，英文解释为“a particular way of explaining or understanding events”

“By understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting transparent. Because photo editing is likely to prevail in the future, the focus of psychoeducation as part of a psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread of use of corresponding techniques.”

“通过理解背后的叙事，自然表象与编辑后照片之间的差异便一目了然。由于照片编辑在未来很可能会盛行，作为心理干预技术一环，心理教育的重点应该放在提升人们对这一普遍现象的敏感度。”

underlying /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/ 1）表示“暗含的；深层的；潜在的”，英文解释为“real but not immediately obvious”举个🌰：And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts? 这些看似偶然的行为，其暗含的意义可能是什么呢？

2）表示“以…为基础的”，英文解释为“used to describe something on which something else is based”举个🌰：The price of the investment fell below the value of the underlying assets. 这一投资项目的价格已经跌至低于标的资产价值。

prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ 主要有两个含义，1）表示“（观点，原则）占上风，占优势，获胜”，英文解释为“If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument.”举个🌰：Justice will prevail. 正义终将获胜。Common sense prevails/Reason prevails (=a sensible decision is made). 常识/理智占了上风。

2）表示“盛行；普遍存在”，英文解释为“If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time.”

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