肯德基刚来中国时还不叫肯德基

据报道，1987年11月12日，中国内地第一家肯德基门店在北京开业，当时名叫“美国肯德基家乡鸡”。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, how have domestic fast-food chains in China strategically expanded compared to Western chains?

A. By aggressively entering second and third-tier cities.

B. By focusing exclusively on major metropolitan areas.

C. By limiting their expansion to rural areas to maintain exclusivity.

D. By primarily targeting international markets outside of China.

A. The fast-food industry in China is becoming more diverse.

B. Domestic fast-food chains are beginning to outperform their Western counterparts.

C. Western fast-food chains are expanding rapidly in China.

D. The competitive landscape in the fast-food industry is stabilizing.

无注释原文：

Chinese fast-food insurgents are beating McDonald's and KFC

From: The Economist

WESTERN CHAINS used to dominate casual dining and drinking in China. The arrival of a Kentucky Fried Chicken in a Chinese city was once regarded as a developmental milestone. Today China is home to 10,000 KFCs (whose owner, Yum China, was spun off from its American parent in 2016), more than twice the number in America. Starbucks has 7,000 coffee shops and McDonald's boasts 6,000 burger joints. The foreigners' cash and cachet made it hard for locals to compete.

Now the tables are turning. Starbucks's Chinese sales fell by 8% in the first quarter, year on year, and Yum China reported a drop of 3%. Yet even as they lose their appetite for foreign chains, Chinese consumers cannot get enough of domestic ones. Tastien, which fills hamburgers with local delicacies such as Peking duck or mapo tofu rather than beef, has opened 1,600 new shops in the past six months, bringing its total to 7,000. Wallace, another burger-flipper, now has more than 20,000. Cotti, a two-year-old coffee-shop chain, plans to have that many by the end of 2025, up from 6,000 last October. An older caffeine-pedlar, Luckin, opened 8,000 in 2023, doubling its network. Mixue hawks its bubble tea through 36,000 outlets.

A big reason for the sudden popularity of domestic chains is their lower prices. Luckin is selling coffee at a promotional price that is one-third that of an equivalent beverage at Starbucks (it is also lacing some coffees with baijiu, a local firewater). Mixue and Cotti offer similarly cheap (though less boozy) fare.

Another explanation has to do with geography. Many homegrown chains come from places other than China's rich megalopolises such as Shanghai. Cotti and Wallace opened their first outlets in Fuzhou, a “tier-2” city in the south-east. Tastien was founded in Nanchang, an inland railway hub likewise considered second-tier. Those are also the places where such chains are expanding most aggressively, in part because Western rivals have historically ignored them. About half of Tastien's outlets are in second- and third-tier cities. Luckin's rapid growth has been driven by its expansion in these relative backwaters, according to Nomura, a bank. Starbucks, by contrast, has barely ventured beyond the biggest cities in the past two years.

This has allowed the locals to take advantage of perkier consumer sentiment in such places. According to McKinsey, a consultancy, 30-somethings living there are less gloomy about their prospects than their metropolitan coastal counterparts. UBS, a bank, recently found that residents of smaller cities intended to spend more on dining, cosmetics and sportswear than those in larger conurbations.

Can the feast last? Foreign rivals are catching on. Between January and March about 60% of new Chinese KFCs and Pizza Huts (also owned by Yum China) opened in cities that are no bigger than third-tier. Many of the 4,000 new restaurants that McDonald's is planning to open by 2028 are expected to be in smaller towns.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Chinese fast-food insurgents are beating McDonald's and KFC

From: The Economist

WESTERN CHAINS used to dominate casual dining and drinking in China. The arrival of a Kentucky Fried Chicken in a Chinese city was once regarded as a developmental milestone. Today China is home to 10,000 KFCs (whose owner, Yum China, was spun off from its American parent in 2016), more than twice the number in America. Starbucks has 7,000 coffee shops and McDonald's boasts 6,000 burger joints. The foreigners' cash and cachet made it hard for locals to compete.

西式连锁店曾主导中国的休闲餐饮市场。肯德基（Kentucky Fried Chicken）在中国城市的开业曾被视为发展的里程碑。如今，中国拥有10,000家肯德基（其母公司百胜中国（Yum China）于2016年从美国母公司分拆出来），是美国肯德基数量的两倍多。星巴克（Starbucks）拥有7000家门店，麦当劳拥有6000家门店。外国企业的资金和声望使得本地企业难以与之竞争。

dominate /ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt/ 表示“占支配地位；占主导地位；拥有优势；最明显的”，英文解释为“To dominate a situation means to be the most powerful or important person or thing in it.”举个🌰：The book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists. 这本书预期将居畅销书榜首。

milestone /ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/ 表示“里程碑；重大事件；转折点”，英文解释为“an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life”举个🌰：He felt that moving out of his parents' home was a real milestone in his life. 他感到搬出父母家是他一生中一个真正的转折点。

1）表示“派生出，衍生出”，英文解释为“to produce a useful and unexpected result in addition to the intended result”举个🌰：The American space program has spun off new commercial technologies. 美国的太空计划衍生出了新的商业技术。

2）表示“将…分离出来（组建新公司）”，英文解释为“to form a separate company from part of an existing company”举个🌰：The company is trying to spin off part of its business. 这家公司正力图将一部分业务分离出来。

boast /bəʊst/ 1）表示“拥有（值得自豪的东西）”，英文解释为“to have or own something to be proud of”举个🌰：Hangzhou boasts beautiful lakes, great restaurants, and friendly locals. 杭州拥有美丽的湖、很棒的餐馆和友好的当地人。

2）表示“自吹自擂，吹嘘，夸耀”，英文解释为“to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own”举个🌰：He didn't talk about his exam results in case people thought he was boasting. 他没有谈论自己的考试成绩，以免让别人以为他在自我吹嘘。

作名词，joint /dʒɔɪnt/ 1）表示“关节”，英文解释为“a place in your body where two bones are connected”如：an elbow/hip/knee joint 肘/髋/膝关节。

2）表示“（出售廉价饮食的）酒吧（或餐馆）”，英文解释为“a bar or restaurant that serves food and drink at low prices”举个🌰：We had lunch at a hamburger joint and then went to see a movie. 我们在一家汉堡包小店吃了午饭，然后去看电影。

3）表示“不良场所（声名狼藉的公众娱乐场所）”，英文解释为“a place where people go for entertainment, especially one that has a bad reputation”举个🌰：He owned several bars in the city and ran an illegal gambling joint. 他在市里拥有好几家酒吧，还经营着一个非法赌场。

cachet /ˈkæʃ.eɪ/ 表示“声望，声誉；威信”，英文解释为“a quality that marks someone or something as special and worth respect and admiration”举个🌰：This type of jacket used to have a certain cachet. 这种夹克衫曾有一定的声誉。

Now the tables are turning. Starbucks's Chinese sales fell by 8% in the first quarter, year on year, and Yum China reported a drop of 3%. Yet even as they lose their appetite for foreign chains, Chinese consumers cannot get enough of domestic ones. Tastien, which fills hamburgers with local delicacies such as Peking duck or mapo tofu rather than beef, has opened 1,600 new shops in the past six months, bringing its total to 7,000. Wallace, another burger-flipper, now has more than 20,000. Cotti, a two-year-old coffee-shop chain, plans to have that many by the end of 2025, up from 6,000 last October. An older caffeine-pedlar, Luckin, opened 8,000 in 2023, doubling its network. Mixue hawks its bubble tea through 36,000 outlets.

如今风水轮流转。第一季度星巴克在中国的销售额同比下降了8%，百胜中国也下降了3%。然而，尽管中国消费者对外国连锁店的兴趣减弱，对本土连锁店的需求却不减。塔斯汀（Tastien），其汉堡包内填充的是北京烤鸭或麻婆豆腐等本土美食而非牛肉，在过去六个月内新开了1,600家门店，总数达到7,000家。另一家汉堡连锁店华莱士（Wallace），目前已拥有超过20,000家门店。库迪（Cotti）是一家成立两年的咖啡连锁店，计划到2025年底也能拥有同样数量的门店，而去年10月库迪只有6000家门店。老牌咖啡连锁店瑞幸（Luckin）2023年开了8000家门店，门店规模翻了一番。销售珍珠奶茶的蜜雪冰城（Mixue）拥有36000家门店。

appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ 1）表示“食欲；胃口”，英文解释为“physical desire for food”举个🌰：He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite. 他头痛且食欲不振。

2）表示“强烈欲望”，英文解释为“a strong desire for sth”举个🌰：The public have an insatiable appetite for scandal. 公众对丑事总是喜闻乐道。

delicacy /ˈdelɪkəsi/ 表示“（尤指稀有昂贵的）美食，美味，佳肴；美味佳肴”，英文解释为“A delicacy is a rare or expensive food that is considered especially nice to eat.”

Burger-flipper 字面意思是“翻汉堡的人”，通常指的是在快餐店或汉堡店工作的厨师，他们负责翻转和烹饪汉堡肉饼。在某些上下文中，burger-flipper 可以用来泛指汉堡类快餐连锁店，尤其是那些以大量分店和快速扩张著称的品牌。这种用法有时带有轻微的贬义，暗示这些连锁店主要依赖于标准化和高效运营，而不是独特的品牌特色。

caffeine /ˈkæf.iːn/ 表示“咖啡因，咖啡碱”，英文解释为“a chemical, found for example in tea and coffee, that is a stimulant (= something that makes people more active)”

英式 pedlar 美式 peddler /ˈped.lɚ/ 1）表示“（尤指旧时沿街叫卖的）小贩”，英文解释为“especially in the past, a person who travelled to different places to sell small goods, usually by going from house to house”

2）表示“（思想的）散布者，兜售者”，英文解释为“someone who gives ideas to other people”

hawk /hɔːk/ 表示“沿街兜售，叫卖”，英文解释为“to sell goods informally in public places”举个🌰：On every street corner there were traders hawking their wares. 每个街角都有商贩在兜售商品。

outlet /ˈaʊt.let/ 或者outlets一词经常出现，media outlet / news outlets 都可以表示媒体/新闻机构；outlet本身表示“商店，商行；销售公司；专卖店；直销店”，英文解释为“An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer or at a discount price, often direct from the manufacturer.”如：a fast-food outlet 快餐店，a retail outlet 零售店，举个🌰：At the factory outlet you'll find discounted items at up to 75% off regular prices. 在工厂的直销店里，你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。

📍而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译，指的就是品牌直销购物中心。

此外，也可以指“（情绪或精力的）发泄方式，发泄途径，施展的机会”，英文解释为“a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of”举个🌰：Her work provided no outlet for her energies and talents. 她的工作没有给她提供发泄精力及施展才华的机会。

📍美式英语里还可以表示“电源插座（同 power point）”

A big reason for the sudden popularity of domestic chains is their lower prices. Luckin is selling coffee at a promotional price that is one-third that of an equivalent beverage at Starbucks (it is also lacing some coffees with baijiu, a local firewater). Mixue and Cotti offer similarly cheap (though less boozy) fare.

国内连锁店突然受到欢迎的一个重要原因是价格较低。瑞幸咖啡的促销价格只有星巴克同等饮品的三分之一（有时还会在咖啡中添加当地烈酒“白酒”）。蜜雪冰城和库迪也销售类似的低价咖啡（但酒精含量较低）。

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”。

比如，提到Weibo时候会介绍为中国版的Twitter，常见的有几种说法：

🧣Weibo, China's Twitter-like service (SCMP)

🧣Weibo, the Chinese equivalent to Twitter (NPR NEWS)

🧣Twitter-like Weibo (Reuters)

🧣Weibo, a Twitter-like platform (NYT)

beverage /ˈbev.ər.ɪdʒ/ 表示“饮料”，英文解释为“a drink of any type”举个🌰：Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate. 热饮包括茶、咖啡和热巧克力饮料。

lace /leɪs/ 表示“网眼织物；花边，蕾丝”，英文解释为“a decorative cloth made by twisting thin thread in delicate patterns with holes in them”如：lace curtains 蕾丝窗帘。

作动词，1）表示“给…穿鞋带，系（鞋或靴子）的鞋带”，英文解释为“to put the lace of a shoe or boot through its holes, or to fasten a shoe or boot by tying a lace”

2）表示“（常指偷偷地）向（食物或饮料）中掺（酒、药等）”，英文解释为“to add alcohol or drugs to food or drink, often secretly”如：coffee laced with brandy 加了白兰地的咖啡。

firewater /ˈfaɪəˌwɔː.tər/ 表示“烈酒；（尤指）威士忌”，英文解释为“a very strong alcoholic drink, especially whisky”

boozy /ˈbuː.zi/ 表示“暴饮的；酒精浓度高的”，英文解释为“drinking or containing a lot of alcohol”如：a boozy night out 晚上外出大喝一通。

fare /feər/ 1）表示“出租车乘客”，英文解释为“someone who pays to be driven somewhere in a taxi”

2）表示“车费；车票价”，英文解释为“the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train”举个🌰：Train fares are going up again. 火车票又涨价了。

3）表示“（餐馆的）饭菜”，英文解释为“the type of food that is served in a restaurant”

4）熟词僻义，表示“常见的东西；供大众使用的东西（尤指娱乐活动）”，英文解释为“material provided for use, consumption, or enjoyment”

Another explanation has to do with geography. Many homegrown chains come from places other than China's rich megalopolises such as Shanghai. Cotti and Wallace opened their first outlets in Fuzhou, a “tier-2” city in the south-east. Tastien was founded in Nanchang, an inland railway hub likewise considered second-tier. Those are also the places where such chains are expanding most aggressively, in part because Western rivals have historically ignored them. About half of Tastien's outlets are in second- and third-tier cities. Luckin's rapid growth has been driven by its expansion in these relative backwaters, according to Nomura, a bank. Starbucks, by contrast, has barely ventured beyond the biggest cities in the past two years.

另一个原因是与地理位置有关。许多中国本土连锁店均开设在除上海等富裕大都市之外的地方。库迪和华莱士在中国东南部二线城市福州开设了第一家门店。塔斯汀诞生于内陆铁路枢纽南昌，同样被认为是二线城市。这些地方也是此类连锁店扩张最积极的区域，部分原因是西方竞争对手历来忽视这些市场。塔斯汀约有一半的门店位于二三线城市。野村证券（Nomura）指出，瑞幸的快速增长主要得益于其在这些相对落后地区的扩张。相比之下，星巴克在过去两年里几乎没有走出大城市。

geography /dʒiˈɒɡ.rə.fi/ 表示“地理；地理学”，英文解释为“the study of the systems and processes involved in the world's weather, mountains, seas, lakes, etc. and of the ways in which countries and people organize life within an area”

megalopolis /ˌmeɡ.əˈlɒp.əl.ɪs/ 表示“大都市；巨型城市”，英文解释为“an extremely large city or urban (= city) area where a lot of people live”举个🌰：Today Shenzhen is a megalopolis of 13 million people. 如今，深圳是一个拥有1300万人口的大都市。

hub /hʌb/ 一词可以理解为“（某地/活动）中心，枢纽，核心”，如：the commercial hub of the city 城市的商业中心，a hub airport 大型中转机场，举个🌰：The kitchen was the hub of family life. 厨房是家庭生活的中心。

📍郑州挺住，河南加油！文中，路透社（Reuters）介绍河南就说的是：a major logistics hub in central China 中国中部的主要物流中枢，原句：Many train services across Henan, a major logistics hub in central China, have been suspended. Many highways have also been closed and flights delayed or cancelled. 河南是中国中部的一个主要物流中枢，整个河南的许多火车服务已经暂停。许多公路也被关闭，航班被推迟或取消。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）2018年8月一篇提到B站的文章是这么表达的，Bilibili, an online hub for fans of comics and games.

tier /tɪər/ 表示“（多层、多层次中的）一层”，英文解释为“one of several layers or levels”举个🌰：We sat in one of the upper tiers of the football stands. 我们坐在足球场看台的上层位置。

📍top-tier 表示“一流的；水平最高的，质量最好的”，英文解释为“of the highest level or quality”，如：a top-tier medical school 一所一流的医学院。

rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/ 作名词，表示“竞争对手；敌手”，英文解释为“a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area”

作动词，表示“可与…相媲美，比得上”，英文解释为“to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else”举个🌰：No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。

backwater /ˈbæk.wɔː.tər/ 1）表示“回水，滞水”，英文解释为“a part of a river where the water does not flow”举个🌰：We tied the boat up in a quiet backwater overnight. 我们在一个静寂的回水处把船系好过夜。

2）表示“死气沉沉的地方；闭塞的地方；与世隔绝的（或缺乏生气的、落后的）地区”，英文解释为“a place that does not change because it is not influenced by new ideas or events that happen in other places”举个🌰：He grew up in a rural backwater. 他在闭塞落后的乡村长大。

venture /ˈven.tʃər/ 1）作名词，表示“（尤指有风险的）企业，商业，投机活动，经营项目”，英文解释为“a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks”举个🌰：A disastrous business venture lost him thousands of dollars. 一个彻底失败的经营项目使他损失严重。

2）作动词，表示“敢于去；冒险去（或做）；冒昧地说”，英文解释为“to risk going somewhere or doing something that might be dangerous or unpleasant, or to risk saying something that might be criticized”举个🌰：As we set off into the forest, we felt as though we were venturing (forth) into the unknown. 当我们动身进入那片森林时，感觉自己似乎正在冒险进入一个未知的世界。

📺美剧《复仇》（Revenge）中的台词提到：This is brave new territory we're venturing into here. 这是我们华丽冒险的新地域。

This has allowed the locals to take advantage of perkier consumer sentiment in such places. According to McKinsey, a consultancy, 30-somethings living there are less gloomy about their prospects than their metropolitan coastal counterparts. UBS, a bank, recently found that residents of smaller cities intended to spend more on dining, cosmetics and sportswear than those in larger conurbations.

这使本土企业能够抓住这些地区消费者更积极的消费意愿。咨询公司麦肯锡（McKinsey）的数据显示，生活在这些地方的30多岁年轻人对前景的悲观程度低于沿海大都市的同龄人。瑞银集团（UBS）最近发现，小城市居民在餐饮、化妆品和运动服饰上的消费意愿高于大城市居民。

sentiment /ˈsen.tɪ.mənt/表示“观点；意见；看法；情绪”，英文解释为“a thought, opinion, or idea based on a feeling about a situation, or a way of thinking about something”举个🌰：I don't think she shares my sentiments. 我认为她不同意我的观点。

consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/ 1）表示“咨询公司；顾问服务公司”，英文解释为“a company that gives advice on a particular subject”如：a management/financial/recruitment consultancy 管理/金融/招聘咨询公司。

2）表示“咨询服务；顾问工作”，英文解释为“the activity of giving advice on a particular subject”举个🌰：They pay me for IT consultancy. 他们支付我报酬，让我提供信息技术咨询。

📍词根/词缀：consultancy由名词"consult"和后缀"-ancy"构成。"consult"意为咨询、征求意见，"-ancy"用于构建抽象名词。词源：来自拉丁语"consultare"，意为寻求意见、咨询。常用搭配：management consultancy（管理咨询）、financial consultancy（财务咨询）。

-something 表示“（用于数字后指年龄或某个年龄段的人）…多岁，…多岁的人”，英文解释为“used after a number like 20, 30, etc. to refer to the age of a person who is between 20 and 29, 30 and 39 years old, etc., or to a person who is of this age”举个🌰：I'd guess she's thirty-something. 我猜她三十多岁。

gloomy /ˈɡluː.mi/ 1）表示“前景黯淡的；悲观的”，英文解释为“not expecting or believing anything good in a situation”

2）表示“忧郁；愁闷；沮丧的”，英文解释为“unhappy and without hope”如：a gloomy person/expression 一个愁容满面的人/一个沮丧的表情。

3）表示“灰暗的，幽暗的”，英文解释为“dark in a way that is unpleasant and makes it difficult to see”举个🌰：What gloomy weather we're having! 今天天气太阴沉了！

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇针对《没有工作的世界》的书评文章中提到：This gloomy view of the impact of technology is plausible. 这种对技术影响的悲观论调似乎言之有理。

prospect /ˈprɒs.pekt/ 1）表示“（发生好事情的）可能，可能性，机会”，英文解释为“the possibility that something good might happen in the future”举个🌰：Is there any prospect of the weather improving? 天气有可能好转吗？

2）表示“前景；展望；设想”，英文解释为“the possibility of being successful, especially at work”举个🌰：She's hoping the course will improve her career prospects. 她希望这门课能改善自己的职业前景。

coastal /ˈkəʊ.stəl/ 表示“（位于）海岸的；临海的；沿海的”，英文解释为“positioned on, or relating to the coast”如：a coastal town 海滨城镇。

counterpart一词经常出现，counter-表示“相反的；对立的；相应的”（opposite; against; in return; corresponding），和part一起就是“对立的，相应的事物”，从而表示“职位相当的人；作用相当的事物”，英文解释为“Somene's or something's counterpart is another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.”

1）cosmetic /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/作名词，通常复数cosmetics，表示“化妆品；美容品”（a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive），如：the cosmetics industry 化妆品行业，a cosmetic company 化妆品公司，cosmetic products 化妆产品。

本身也可以作形容词：

2）表示“装饰门面的，虚饰的，表面的”，英文解释为“Cosmetic changes, etc. are intended to make you believe that something is better when, really, the problem has not been solved.”举个🌰：They were offered a few cosmetic improvements to their working conditions, but nothing of significance. 表面上他们的工作环境有所改善，但并没有实质上的改变。

3）表示“整容的”，英文解释为“connected with medical treatment that is intended to improve a person's appearance”如：cosmetic surgery 整容外科。

conurbation /ˌkɒn.əˈbeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（由多个城镇扩建连接而成的）大都市，集合城市，大都市圈”，英文解释为“a city area containing a large number of people, formed by various towns growing and joining together”如：the conurbations of Tokyo and Osaka 东京和大阪都市圈。

Can the feast last? Foreign rivals are catching on. Between January and March about 60% of new Chinese KFCs and Pizza Huts (also owned by Yum China) opened in cities that are no bigger than third-tier. Many of the 4,000 new restaurants that McDonald's is planning to open by 2028 are expected to be in smaller towns.

这场盛宴能持续下去吗？外国竞争对手正在迎头赶上。今年1月至3月间，中国约60%新开业的肯德基和必胜客（Pizza Huts，同属百胜中国）都开在三线以下城市。麦当劳计划在2028年前新开4000家门店，预计其中许多将位于较小的城镇。

feast /fiːst/ 1）表示“盛宴；宴会”，英文解释为“a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people”举个🌰："What a feast!" she said, surveying all the dishes on the table. “多丰盛的宴席啊！”她一边打量着桌上的菜肴，一边说道。

2）表示“（宗教）节日”，英文解释为“a day on which a religious event or person is remembered and celebrated”如：a Muslim feast day 一个穆斯林节日。

3）表示“（感官）享受”，英文解释为“something that is very enjoyable to see, hear, experience, etc.”如：a visual feast 视觉盛宴。

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