假期去冰岛旅游的人已经后悔了？

国庆假期期间，#假期去冰岛旅游的人已经后悔了#的话题引发热议。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the transformation of Reykjavik as a result of increased tourism?

A. It has become overcrowded and lost its charm.

B. It has evolved into a culturally diverse metropolis.

C. It resembles a Scandinavian version of Singapore, being affluent and orderly.

D. It has become a hub for traditional Icelandic architecture and art.

无注释原文：

Iceland’s Tourism Boom

From: The New York Times, Nov. 16, 2016

The number of tourists has risen by as much as 30 percent every year for the last four years, according to Iceland’s Tourist Board. They brought in revenues of $3.2 billion in 2015, a third of the country’s export earnings. Tourism is the single biggest employer, and many Icelanders are pouring money into services and new construction.

Mr. Palsson, who used to sell Iceland as a place to see the Northern Lights, employs an astronomer in his hotel. He has also invested in three expensive telescopes that are powerful enough for guests to see the rings on Saturn or the fuzzy glow of a distant dying star.

Landsbref, a fund management company that was spun off from one of three failed Icelandic banks, set up a $37 million tourism fund.

Reykjavik looks like a Scandinavian version of Singapore: compact, clean, orderly, and rich. Streets are lined with Crayola-color houses and Mercedes cars. Chic coffeehouses sell kale-and-date sandwiches, and play Ethiopian jazz. Restaurants offer inventive Nordic cuisine using local ingredients like puffin and shark. (One chef also proudly announced that Iceland now grows cucumbers, albeit in a greenhouse.)

The 101, a boutique hotel that was once an exclusive hangout for bankers (101 is also the city’s richest postal code), is now filled with tourists. In a possible dig at the hotel’s former denizens, a sculpture of what looked like a gray-suited banker hung on one wall, with a cryptic instruction, “Disconnect the battery, remove the rear hood and hinge brackets,” inscribed beneath it.

Tourists come from as far as China. They chase the Northern Lights. They scale glaciers. They dive in the Arctic Circle with puffins, go horseback riding or take helicopter tours listening to ethereal, whale-like sounds by the Icelandic band Sigur Ros. Fans of “Game of Thrones” flock to filming locations around the island, some, apparently, genuinely in search of Wildlings.

Outside the capital, thick white plumes of steam, which are harnessed for Iceland’s energy needs, rise in the sky, as if the earth were vaping. Hot springs are everywhere, even in people’s backyards.

But there is growing concern that uncontrolled tourism is placing too large a burden on this small island. Housing prices and rents are rising quickly, forcing young people to live with their parents. Car rentals have tripled, clogging traffic. Littering and light pollution are spoiling parts of the landscape, many Icelanders say.

“It’s like the city is not my city anymore,” Birgitta Jonsdottir, the leader of the Pirate Party, complained last month. “It’s like Disneyland downtown.”

A poll in October conducted by the national broadcaster RUV reported that 87 percent of Icelanders want the government to raise fees or taxes on tourists.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Iceland’s Tourism Boom

From: The New York Times, Nov. 16, 2016

The number of tourists has risen by as much as 30 percent every year for the last four years, according to Iceland’s Tourist Board. They brought in revenues of $3.2 billion in 2015, a third of the country’s export earnings. Tourism is the single biggest employer, and many Icelanders are pouring money into services and new construction.

根据冰岛旅游局的统计，过去四年来，游客数量每年以30％的速度增加。2015年，他们为这个国家带来了32亿美元的收入，占该国出口收入的1/3。旅游业成了冰岛最大的工作机会提供者，许多冰岛人都把资金投入到服务业和兴建新建筑中去。

1）表示“赚取，挣（钱）”，英文解释为“to make money”举个🌰：Their chain of restaurants brings in millions of dollars a year. 他们的连锁餐馆每年有几百万美元的收入。

2）表示“引进（新产品等）；制定，提出（新法律）”，英文解释为“to introduce something new such as a product or a law”举个🌰：New safety regulations have been brought in. 已经制定了新的安全规章。

Mr. Palsson, who used to sell Iceland as a place to see the Northern Lights, employs an astronomer in his hotel. He has also invested in three expensive telescopes that are powerful enough for guests to see the rings on Saturn or the fuzzy glow of a distant dying star.

帕尔松曾经宣传过，冰岛是看北极光的好地方，他为自己的酒店雇用了一个天文学家，还投资购置了三个昂贵的望远镜，性能强大到可以让客人看清土星光环，或者远方某颗濒死恒星的柔和光晕。

astronomer /əˈstrɒn.ə.mər/ 表示“天文学家”，英文解释为“someone who studies astronomy”

telescope /ˈtel.ɪ.skəʊp/ 表示“望远镜”，英文解释为“a cylinder-shaped device for making objects that are far away look closer and larger, using a combination of lenses, or lenses and curved mirrors”

fuzzy /ˈfʌz.i/ 1）表示“（图像）模糊不清的；（声音）杂乱的，有干扰的”，英文解释为“(of an image) having shapes that do not have clear edges, or (of a sound, especially from a television, radio, etc.) not clear, usually because of other unwanted noises making it difficult to hear”举个🌰：Is the picture always fuzzy on your TV? 你的电视一直这么不清楚吗？

2）表示“（毛发）零乱的；有紧致的小卷的”，英文解释为“(of hair) in an untidy mass of tight curls”举个🌰：Oh no, it's raining - my hair will get all fuzzy. 噢，不会吧，下雨了——我的头发会变得乱蓬蓬的。

3）表示“毛茸茸的”，英文解释为“A fuzzy surface feels like short fur.”如：the fuzzy skin of a peach 桃子毛茸茸的表皮。

Landsbref, a fund management company that was spun off from one of three failed Icelandic banks, set up a $37 million tourism fund.

基金管理公司兰德斯布里夫(Landsbref)的前身是三个破产的冰岛银行之一，如今它设立了一个3700万美元的旅游基金。

1）表示“派生出，衍生出”，英文解释为“to produce a useful and unexpected result in addition to the intended result”举个🌰：The American space program has spun off new commercial technologies. 美国的太空计划衍生出了新的商业技术。

2）表示“将…分离出来（组建新公司）”，英文解释为“to form a separate company from part of an existing company”举个🌰：The company is trying to spin off part of its business. 这家公司正力图将一部分业务分离出来。

Reykjavik looks like a Scandinavian version of Singapore: compact, clean, orderly, and rich. Streets are lined with Crayola-color houses and Mercedes cars. Chic coffeehouses sell kale-and-date sandwiches, and play Ethiopian jazz. Restaurants offer inventive Nordic cuisine using local ingredients like puffin and shark. (One chef also proudly announced that Iceland now grows cucumbers, albeit in a greenhouse.)

雷克雅未克看上去很像斯堪的纳维亚的新加坡：紧凑、洁净、有序且富裕。街道两旁排列着色彩如儿童画般的房子，停靠着一辆辆梅赛德斯汽车。别致的咖啡馆出售羽衣甘蓝与椰枣制成的三明治，演奏着埃塞俄比亚爵士乐。餐厅提供使用海雀和鲨鱼等本土食材的创新北欧美食。（一位厨师还自豪地宣布，冰岛现在也能种植黄瓜了，虽然是在温室里。）

compact /kəmˈpækt/ 作动词，表示“压缩；把…压密实；把…压紧”，英文解释为“to press something together in a tight and solid way”举个🌰：Cars had compacted the snow until it was like ice. 汽车把雪碾得越来越实，直到变得像冰一样。

作形容词，指紧凑的；体积小的；作名词表示“小型汽车”，英文解释为“ A compact or a compact car is a car that is smaller than the average car, and that is economical to run.”

chic /ʃiːk/ 表示“时髦的；优雅的；雅致的”，英文解释为“stylish and fashionable”举个🌰：I like your haircut - it's very chic. 我喜欢你的发型——很时髦。

kale /keɪl/ 表示“羽衣甘蓝”，英文解释为“a type of cabbage with green or purple tightly curled leaves”

date /deɪt/ 熟词僻义，1）表示“海枣，椰枣”，英文解释为“A date is a small, dark-brown, sticky fruit with a stone inside. Dates grow on palm trees in hot countries.”

2）表示“演出，表演”，英文解释为“a performance”举个🌰：They've just finished an exhausting 75-date European tour. 他们刚刚结束了欧洲巡回表演，一共演了75场，可谓筋疲力尽。

cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ 表示“烹调风格；饭菜，菜肴”，英文解释为“The cuisine of a country or district is the style of cooking that is characteristic of that place.”

ingredient /ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/ 1）表示“（成功的）要素，因素”，英文解释为“one of the parts of something successful”举个🌰：Trust is a vital ingredient in a successful marriage. 信任是婚姻幸福的重要因素。

2）表示“（尤指烹调用的）原料”，英文解释为“Ingredients are the things that are used to make something, especially all the different foods you use when you are cooking a particular dish.”举个🌰：Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries. 椰子是多种咖喱菜的基本成分。

🥒怎么说？cucumber /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə/ 表示“黄瓜”，英文解释为“A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with a hard green skin and wet transparent flesh. It is eaten raw in salads.”

补充：

📍海参 sea cucumber：an invertebrate animal that lives in the sea, with a thick body that is covered with lumps.

📍(as) cool as a cucumber表示“（尤指出奇地）镇静，冷静，泰然自若”，英文解释为“very calm or very calmly, especially when this is surprising”举个🌰：She walked in as cool as a cucumber, as if nothing had happened. 她泰然自若地走进来，好像什么事也没发生过。

🎬根据石黑一雄小说改编的电影《告别有情天》（Remains Of The Day）中回来：When the butler is back to refresh the teapots, he says, cool as a cucumber, 当管家帮他们的茶续杯时，他十分镇定地说道，

albeit /ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/ 表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于“although”举个🌰：He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us. 尽管勉强，他最后还是同意帮助我们。

The 101, a boutique hotel that was once an exclusive hangout for bankers (101 is also the city’s richest postal code), is now filled with tourists. In a possible dig at the hotel’s former denizens, a sculpture of what looked like a gray-suited banker hung on one wall, with a cryptic instruction, “Disconnect the battery, remove the rear hood and hinge brackets,” inscribed beneath it.

一家名叫101的精品酒店曾经是银行业人士专享的聚会之地（101也是这座城市最富有地带的邮政编码），如今挤满了游客。可能是为了揶揄酒店的前住客们，有面墙上挂着一座雕塑，看起来像是一个身穿灰色西装的银行家，下面还题着一则晦涩难解的说明，“断开电池，去掉后引擎盖和铰链支架”。

boutique /buːˈtiːk/ 表示“卖流行服饰的小商店；时装店；精品店”，英文解释为“a small shop that sells fashionable clothes or other objects”

hangout /ˈhæŋ.aʊt/ 表示“经常去的地方;住处”，英文解释为“a place where someone spends a lot of time, or where someone lives”举个🌰：The café is a favourite hangout of artists. 咖啡馆是艺术家们喜欢光顾的地方。

denizen /ˈden.ɪ.zən/ 表示“（特定地区的）居民，常住者，动物，植物”，英文解释为“an animal, plant, or person that lives in or is often in a particular place”举个🌰：Deer and squirrels are among the denizens of the forest. 鹿和松鼠是森林地带的常见动物。

sculpture /ˈskʌlp.tʃər/ 表示“雕塑，雕刻；塑像，雕塑品，雕刻品”，英文解释为“the art of forming solid objects that represent a thing, person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal, or stone, or an object made in this way”

cryptic /ˈkrɪptɪk/ 表示“隐晦的；神秘的，隐秘的；有隐义的；费解的”，英文解释为“A cryptic remark or message contains a hidden meaning or is difficult to understand.”举个🌰：He has issued a short, cryptic statement. 他发表了一个简短、令人捉摸不透的声明。

作形容词，表示“后部的；后面的；背部的”，英文解释为“at the back of something”举个🌰：There's a sticker on the rear door/window. 后门/后窗户上贴着一张纸条。

作动词，表示“抚养；养育；培养”，英文解释为“to care for young children or animals until they are fully grown”举个🌰：She reared a family of five on her own. 她一个人养活五个孩子。

作名词，the rear表示“后面；后部；背部”，英文解释为“the back part of something”举个🌰：We walked round to the rear of the house. 我们绕道走到房子的后面。

hood /hʊd/ 1）表示“（衣服上的）兜帽，风帽”，英文解释为“part of a piece of clothing that can be pulled up to cover the top and back of the head”举个🌰：The coat has a detachable hood. 这件大衣有可拆卸的风帽。

2）表示“（汽车的）引擎罩，发动机盖”，英文解释为“the metal cover over the part of a car where the engine is”举个🌰：I looked under the hood and clouds of smoke poured out. 我看了一下引擎罩下面，团团的烟冒了出来。

Tourists come from as far as China. They chase the Northern Lights. They scale glaciers. They dive in the Arctic Circle with puffins, go horseback riding or take helicopter tours listening to ethereal, whale-like sounds by the Icelandic band Sigur Ros. Fans of “Game of Thrones” flock to filming locations around the island, some, apparently, genuinely in search of Wildlings.

就连远在中国的游客都来到这里。他们追逐北极光。攀登冰川。和海鹦一起在北极圈潜水，骑马，或乘坐直升机去聆听冰岛乐队Sigur Ros鲸鱼般的空灵歌声。《权力的游戏》(Game of Thrones)的粉丝们蜂拥前往冰岛周边的拍摄地点，有些人则是真心实意地在寻找野人。

scale /skeɪl/ 作名词，1）表示“标度，刻度；等级”，英文解释为“a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something”如：the Centigrade/Fahrenheit scale 摄氏/华氏温标。

2）表示“比例；比例尺”，英文解释为“the relation between the real size of something and its size on a map, model, or diagram”如：a scale of 1:10,000 比例尺为1:10000。

3）表示“大小；规模；范围”，英文解释为“the size or level of something, especially when this is large”举个🌰：We don't yet know the scale of the problem. 我们还不知道问题有多严重。

作动词，表示“爬越；攀登”，英文解释为“to climb up a steep surface, such as a wall or the side of a mountain, often using special equipment”举个🌰：The prisoner scaled the high prison wall and ran off. 囚犯攀越监狱的高墙逃跑了。

glacier /ˈɡlæs.i.ər/ 表示“冰川，冰河”，英文解释为“a large mass of ice that moves slowly”

ethereal /iˈθɪə.ri.əl/ 表示“轻飘的，缥缈的；优雅的；（尤指）超凡的”，英文解释为“light and delicate, especially in an unnatural way”如：an ethereal being 精灵。

flock /flɒk/ 表示“成群结队地去，蜂拥而至”，英文解释为“if people flock to a place, they go there in large numbers because something interesting or exciting is happening there”举个🌰：People have been flocking to the exhibition. 看展览的人络绎不绝。

Outside the capital, thick white plumes of steam, which are harnessed for Iceland’s energy needs, rise in the sky, as if the earth were vaping. Hot springs are everywhere, even in people’s backyards.

首都郊外浓厚的白色蒸汽飘向天空，就好像泥土在蒸发。这种蒸汽被用来满足冰岛的能源需求。到处都是温泉，甚至在民宅后院就有。

plume /pluːm/ 表示“一缕（烟雾）、尘土等；一股（水柱）；一道（火光）”，英文解释为“A plume of smoke, dust, fire, or water is a large quantity of it that rises into the air in a column.”举个🌰：The rising plume of black smoke could be seen all over Hangzhou. 那股升起的黑烟整个杭州都可以看到。

🎬电影《坚强》（Strong）中提到：Coming up in a big plume. 浓烟滚滚。

harness /ˈhɑːnɪs/ 作动词，表示“控制，利用（以产生能量等）”，英文解释为“to control and use the force or strength of sth to produce power or to achieve sth”举个🌰：We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce. 我们必须尽量发挥全体职工的技能和创造力。

🎬《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中提到的：If we can harness this power, ...如果我们能够驾驭这种能量，

🎬《奇异博士》（Doctor Strange）中提到的：We harness energy...我们收集/汲取能量，

vape /veɪp/ 表示“吸入（电子香烟的）喷气”，英文解释为“to breathe in nicotine (= the drug found in tobacco) or another drug as vapour rather than as smoke, especially using an e-cigarette”举个🌰：Rather than start vaping, you should give up smoking altogether. 你应该彻底戒烟，而不是开始吸电子烟。

But there is growing concern that uncontrolled tourism is placing too large a burden on this small island. Housing prices and rents are rising quickly, forcing young people to live with their parents. Car rentals have tripled, clogging traffic. Littering and light pollution are spoiling parts of the landscape, many Icelanders say.

但是越来越多的人担心，不加控制的旅游业正给这座小岛造成太大负担。房价和租金快速上涨，迫使年轻人与父母同住。汽车租赁涨了三倍，导致交通堵塞。很多冰岛人称，垃圾和光污染正在破坏部分景观。

triple /ˈtrɪp.əl/ 表示“（使）成三倍，（使）增加两倍”，英文解释为“to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this”举个🌰：We have tripled our output over the past two years. 过去两年里，我们的产量增加了两倍。

clog /klɒɡ/ 表示“（使）阻塞，（使）堵塞;塞上”，英文解释为“to (cause something to) become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is difficult”举个🌰：The roads are clogged with holiday traffic. 节假日期间，马路上堵满了车辆。

spoil /spɔɪl/ 1）表示“破坏；糟蹋；毁掉”，英文解释为“to destroy or reduce the pleasure, interest, or beauty of something”举个🌰：He tried not to let the bad news spoil his evening. 他努力不让那个坏消息破坏他晚上的兴致。

2）表示“溺爱，娇惯；宠坏”，英文解释为“to allow a child to do or have everything that it wants to, usually so that it expects to get everything it wants and does not show respect to other people”

3）表示“（使）（食物）变质，（使）变坏”，英文解释为“When food spoils or is spoiled, it is no longer good enough to eat.”举个🌰：The dessert will spoil if you don't keep it in the fridge. 如果你不把甜点放在冰箱里，它会坏掉的。

“It’s like the city is not my city anymore,” Birgitta Jonsdottir, the leader of the Pirate Party, complained last month. “It’s like Disneyland downtown.”

“就好像这座城市不再是我的城市，”海盗党(Pirate Party)领袖比吉塔·约恩斯多蒂尔(Birgitta Jonsdottir)上个月抱怨说，“它就像迪士尼乐园(Disneyland)的市中心。”

downtown /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ 可以作名词，也可以作形容词表示“在市中心，往市中心（尤指商业中心区）”，英文解释为“in or towards the centre of a city, especially its main business area”

A poll in October conducted by the national broadcaster RUV reported that 87 percent of Icelanders want the government to raise fees or taxes on tourists.

国家广播电视网RUV今年10月进行的一项民意调查显示，87%的冰岛人希望政府增加对游客的收费或税收。

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