刚刚，2024年诺贝尔化学奖揭晓

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🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the impact of Hassabis and Jumper's artificial intelligence model on scientific research?

A. It limited the scope of protein research to known proteins only.

B. It enabled scientists to predict protein structures.

C. It replaced the need for laboratory experiments in all areas of chemistry.

D. It primarily benefited the development of quantum dots.

无注释原文：

Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for work on proteins

From: The Washington Post

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded Wednesday to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their work with proteins, the building blocks of life.

Baker works at the University of Washington in Seattle, while Hassabis and Jumper both work at Google Deepmind in London.

Baker designed a new protein in 2003 and his research group has since produced one imaginative protein creation after another, including proteins that can be used as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, nanomaterials and tiny sensors, the Nobel committee said.

Hassabis and Jumper created an artificial intelligence model that has been able to predict the structure of virtually all the 200 million proteins that researchers have identified, the committee added.

Heiner Linke, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, said scientists had long dreamt of predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins.

“Four years ago in 2020, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper managed to crack the code with skillful use of artificial intelligence. They made it possible to predict the complex structure of essentially any known protein in nature,” Linke said.

“Another dream of scientists has been to build new proteins to learn how to use nature’s multi-tool for our own purposes. This is the problem that David Baker solved,” he added. “He developed computational tools that now enable scientists to design spectacular new proteins with entirely novel shapes and functions, opening endless possibilities for the greatest benefit to humankind.”

Last year, the chemistry award went to three scientists for their work on quantum dots — tiny particles just a few nanometers in diameter that can release very bright colored light and whose applications in everyday life include electronics and medical imaging.

Six days of Nobel announcements opened Monday with Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun winning the medicine prize. Two founding fathers of machine learning — John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton — won the physics prize.

The awards continue with the literature prize on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on Oct. 14.

The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million) from a bequest left by the award’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for work on proteins

From: The Washington Post

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded Wednesday to David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for their work with proteins, the building blocks of life.

周三，诺贝尔化学奖授予了戴维·贝克（David Baker）、丹米斯·哈萨比斯（Demis Hassabis）和约翰·乔普（John M. Jumper），以表彰他们在蛋白质——生命的组成部分——方面所做的贡献。

protein /ˈprəʊ.tiːn/ 表示“蛋白质”，英文解释为“one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong”

building block /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ ˌblɒk/ 表示“积木”，英文解释为“a piece of wood or plastic used by children to build things with”

building blocks 表示“基础；构成要素”，英文解释为“the basic things that are put together to make something exist”举个🌰：Science and the arts are the building blocks of a good education. 科学和艺术是良好教育的基本要素。

📍写作句型积累：xxx set up the building blocks for/of ... 奠定了...的基础。如：The first grade sets up the building blocks for all future learning, with introductions to reading, writing, and math. 一年级对阅读、写作和数学进行了介绍，为所有未来的学习奠定了基础。

Baker works at the University of Washington in Seattle, while Hassabis and Jumper both work at Google Deepmind in London.

贝克在美国西雅图的华盛顿大学（University of Washington）工作，而哈萨比斯和乔普都在英国伦敦的谷歌DeepMind公司工作。

Baker designed a new protein in 2003 and his research group has since produced one imaginative protein creation after another, including proteins that can be used as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, nanomaterials and tiny sensors, the Nobel committee said.

诺贝尔奖委员会称，贝克于2003年设计了一种新型蛋白质，此后他的研究团队不断创造出各种富有创意的蛋白质，包括可用于药物、疫苗、纳米材料和微型传感器的蛋白质。

pharmaceutical /ˌfɑːməˈsjuːtɪkəl/ 作形容词，表示“制药的；配药的；卖药的”，英文解释为“connected with making and selling drugs and medicines”，如：pharmaceutical products 药物，pharmaceutical companies 制药公司，the pharmaceutical industry 制药业。

也可以直接作名词，常用复数，pharmaceuticals表示“药品，药物，药剂”，英文解释为“a medicine”。

vaccine /ˈvæk.siːn/ 表示“疫苗”，英文解释为“a substance that is put into the body of a person or animal to protect them from a disease by causing them to produce antibodies (=proteins that fight diseases)”举个🌰：This vaccine protects against some kinds of the bacteria. 这种疫苗能抵抗这些细菌中的某几种。

📍动词，vaccinate 表示“给…接种疫苗”，英文解释为“If a person or animal is vaccinated, they are given a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent them from getting a disease.”举个🌰：Dogs must be vaccinated against distemper. 犬类必须接种疫苗以防犬热病。

📍名词形式，vaccination，接种疫苗，Vaccination is the act of getting a shot (a vaccine) to protect you against a certain disease. If you want to protect yourself from catching the mumps, you will need to undergo a vaccination.

表示“纳米材料”，英文解释为“a material having particles or constituents of nanoscale dimensions, or one that is produced by nanotechnology.”

nano- /næn.əʊ-/ 1）表示“十亿分之一的”，英文解释为“one billionth of the stated unit”如：a nanosecond 纳秒（十亿分之一秒）

2）表示“极微小的”，英文解释为“extremely small”如：nanotechnology 纳米技术。

sensor /ˈsen.sər/ 表示“传感器”，英文解释为“a device that is used to record that something is present or that there are changes in something”举个🌰：The security device has a heat sensor which detects the presence of people and animals. 保安装置中有一个热传感器，能探测人和动物的存在。

Hassabis and Jumper created an artificial intelligence model that has been able to predict the structure of virtually all the 200 million proteins that researchers have identified, the committee added.

诺贝尔奖委员会补充称，哈萨比斯和乔普开发了一种人工智能（Artificial Intelligence）模型，该模型能够预测研究人员已发现的几乎所有2亿种蛋白质结构。

identify /aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ/ 1）表示“认出，识别”，英文解释为“to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is”举个🌰：Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice. 就连年龄最小的婴儿也能根据声音分辨出自己的妈妈。

2）表示“确定；发现”，英文解释为“to recognize a problem, need, fact, etc. and to show that it exists”举个🌰：The research will be used to identify training needs. 该研究将用来确定培训的需求。

Heiner Linke, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, said scientists had long dreamt of predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins.

诺贝尔化学奖委员会主席海纳·林克（Heiner Linke）表示，科学家们长期以来一直梦想着能够预测蛋白质的三维结构。

three-dimensional /ˌθriː.daɪˈmen.ʃən.əl/ 表示“三维的，立体的”，英文解释为“having or appearing to have three dimensions (= length, width, and height) and therefore looking real”举个🌰：The picture had a three-dimensional effect. 这幅图有三维效果。

“Four years ago in 2020, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper managed to crack the code with skillful use of artificial intelligence. They made it possible to predict the complex structure of essentially any known protein in nature,” Linke said.

“四年前，2020年，丹米斯·哈萨比斯和约翰·乔普巧妙地利用人工智能成功破解了这个难题。他们使预测自然界中任何已知蛋白质的复杂结构成为可能，”林克说。

crack /kræk/ 作动词，1）表示“（使）破裂；（使）裂开；（使）产生裂纹”，英文解释为“to break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way”举个🌰：A stone hit the window and cracked the glass. 石块击中窗户，打裂了玻璃。

2）表示“解决（问题）；破译”，英文解释为“to find a solution to a problem”举个🌰：They cracked the code and read the secret message. 他们破译了密码，读取了密电。

3）表示“碰，撞，击”，英文解释为“to hit something or someone”举个🌰：I cracked my head on/against the door. 我的头撞在门上。

4）表示“说（笑话）；开玩笑，说俏皮话”，英文解释为“If you crack a joke, you tell it.”举个🌰：He drove a Volkswagen, cracked jokes, and talked about beer and girls. 那时他开着一辆大众牌汽车，讲着笑话，谈论着啤酒和女孩。

📰奥巴马卸任后首次重返白宫 和拜登互开玩笑文中提到，INSIDER标题：Obama cracks joke at 'Vice President' Biden during White House event.

作名词，crack /kræk/ 1）表示“裂缝，缝隙；裂口”，英文解释为“a very narrow space between parts of something”举个🌰：Cracks had appeared in the dry ground. 干涸的土地上出现了裂缝。

2）表示“爆裂声；噼啪声”如：the crack of a rifle/whip/breaking branch 步枪/鞭子／树枝断裂的噼啪声。

作形容词，可以表示“优秀的；顶呱呱的；第一流的”，英文解释为“excellent, or of the highest quality”如：a crack regiment 王牌军团，crack troops 精锐部队。

“Another dream of scientists has been to build new proteins to learn how to use nature’s multi-tool for our own purposes. This is the problem that David Baker solved,” he added. “He developed computational tools that now enable scientists to design spectacular new proteins with entirely novel shapes and functions, opening endless possibilities for the greatest benefit to humankind.”

“科学家们的另一个梦想是制造新的蛋白质，学习如何利用大自然的多功能工具为我们自身服务。戴维·贝克解决了这个问题，”他补充说。“他开发了计算工具，现在使科学家们能够设计出具有全新形状和功能的蛋白质，为造福人类开辟了无限可能。”

spectacular /spekˈtæk.jə.lər/ 1）表示“壮观的；精彩的；令人印象深刻的”，英文解释为“very impressive”，如：a mountainous area with spectacular scenery 景色壮丽的山区，a spectacular success 辉煌的成就；

2）表示“非常大的，巨大的；惊人的，突如其来的”，英文解释为“very sudden, unexpected, or extreme”举个🌰：The news caused a spectacular fall in the stock market. 这一消息引起了股市的暴跌。

Last year, the chemistry award went to three scientists for their work on quantum dots — tiny particles just a few nanometers in diameter that can release very bright colored light and whose applications in everyday life include electronics and medical imaging.

去年，化学奖授予了三位科学家，以表彰他们在量子点方面的研究成果。量子点是一种直径只有几纳米的微小粒子，可以释放出非常明亮的彩色光，广泛应用于电子器件和医学成像等日常生活中。

particle /ˈpɑː.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“微粒，粒子”，英文解释为“an extremely small piece of matter”举个🌰：Electrons are atomic particles. 电子是原子粒子。

英式 nanometre 美式 nanometer /ˈnæn.əʊˌmiː.tər/ 表示“毫微米，纳米”，英文解释为“0.000,000,001 of a metre”

diameter /daɪˈæm.ɪ.tər/表示“直径；对径”，英文解释为“a straight line going from one side of a circle or any other round object to the other side, passing through the centre”举个🌰：The dome is 42.3 metres in diameter. 这个穹顶直径为42.3米。

补充：

📍radius：a straight line between the centre of a circle and any point on its outer edge; the length of this line 半径（长度）

electronics /ˌel.ekˈtrɒn.ɪks/ 表示“电子学；电子电路；电子器件”，英文解释为“the scientific study of electric current and the technology that uses it”如：a degree in electronics 电子学学位，the electronics industry 电子工业，a fault in the electronics 电子电路故障。

Six days of Nobel announcements opened Monday with Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun winning the medicine prize. Two founding fathers of machine learning — John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton — won the physics prize.

周一，为期六天的诺贝尔奖陆续揭晓，美国科学家维克多·安布罗斯（Victor Ambros）和加里·鲁夫坎（Gary Ruvkun）获得生理学或医学奖。机器学习的两位奠基人约翰·霍普菲尔德（John Hopfield）和杰弗里·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）获得了物理学奖。

The awards continue with the literature prize on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on Oct. 14.

周四将继续颁发文学奖。诺贝尔和平奖将于周五揭晓，经济学奖将于10月14日揭晓。

literature /ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/ 作名词，1）表示“文献，文献资料”，英文解释为“all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts”

2）表示“文学；（尤指有传世价值的）文学作品”，英文解释为“written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”如：classical/modern literature 古典/现代文学。

The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million) from a bequest left by the award’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. The laureates are invited to receive their awards at ceremonies on Dec. 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

诺贝尔奖的奖金为1,100万瑞典克朗（100万美元），这笔奖金来自该奖项的创立者、瑞典发明家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔（Alfred Nobel）留下的遗产。获奖者将应邀在12月10日诺贝尔逝世周年纪念日的仪式上领奖。

kronor /'krəunə-ɔn:/ 克朗，瑞典货币单位。

bequest /bɪˈkwest/ 表示“遗赠，遗产”，英文解释为“the money or property belonging to someone that they say that, after their death, they wish to be given to other people”举个🌰：Her will included small bequests to her family, while most of her fortune went to charity. 她在遗嘱中写明将一小部分遗产留给家人，大部分都捐给慈善机构。

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

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