刚刚，2024年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓

北京时间10月10日19:00，2024年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓：韩国作家韩江（Han Kang）获奖，表彰其“散文充满诗意，直面历史创伤，揭示了人类生命的脆弱性”（for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life）。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the Swedish Academy's recent efforts in selecting Nobel laureates in literature?

A. They are trying to increase diversity by recognizing more women.

B. They are focusing exclusively on authors from Europe and North America.

C. They prefer authors who have not previously won major literary awards.

D. They are selecting laureates based on commercial success.

无注释原文：

Han Kang Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature

From: The New York Times & CNN

Han Kang, the South Korean author best known for “The Vegetarian,” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.

Han, 53, began her career with a group of poems in a South Korean magazine, before making her prose debut in 1995 with a short story collection.

She later began writing longer prose works, most notably “The Vegetarian,” one of her first books to be translated into English. The novel, which won the Man Booker International Prize in 2016, charts a young woman’s attempt to live a more “plant-like” existence after suffering macabre nightmares about human cruelty.

Han is the first South Korean author to win the literature prize, and just the 18th woman out of the 117 prizes awarded since 1901.

Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, announced the decision at a news conference in Stockholm, and said she had received the honor for “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.”

The Nobel Prize is literature's pre-eminent award, and winning it is a capstone to a writer, poet or playwright's career. Past recipients have included Toni Morrison, Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Along with the prestige and a huge boost in sales, the new laureate receives 11 million Swedish kronor, about $1 million.

In recent years, the academy has tried to increase the diversity of authors considered for the literature prize, after facing criticism over the low number of laureates who were female or came from outside Europe and North America.

Since 2020, the academy has awarded the prize to one person of color — Abdulrazak Gurnah, a Tanzanian writer whose novels dissect the legacy of colonialism — as well as two women: Louise Glück, the American poet, and Annie Ernaux, the French writer of autobiographical works.

Last year's recipient was Jon Fosse, a Norwegian author and playwright whose novels, told in lengthy sentences, often contain religious undertones.

Han's award was a surprise. Before Thursday's announcement, at a news conference in Stockholm, the bookmakers favorite for this year's award was Can Xue, an avant-garde Chinese writer of category-defying novels. Other authors who were seen as likely candidates for this year's prize included Haruki Murakami, the Japanese novelist; Gerald Murnane, a reclusive Australian author; and César Aira, a prolific Argentine author of surreal fiction.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Han Kang Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature

From: The New York Times & CNN

Han Kang, the South Korean author best known for “The Vegetarian,” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.

以《素食主义者》而闻名的韩国女作家韩江（Han Kang）于本周四荣获诺贝尔文学奖。

vegetarian /ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/ 表示“素食者，素食主义者”，英文解释为“a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals”

literature /ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/ 作名词，1）表示“文献，文献资料”，英文解释为“all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts”

2）表示“文学；（尤指有传世价值的）文学作品”，英文解释为“written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”如：classical/modern literature 古典/现代文学。

Han, 53, began her career with a group of poems in a South Korean magazine, before making her prose debut in 1995 with a short story collection.

韩江（现年53岁）在韩国一杂志上发表了一组诗歌，从此开始了她的创作生涯，1995年她出版了一本短篇小说集，首次亮相散文界。

prose /prəʊz/ 表示“散文；白话文；平淡乏味的文章（或话语，表达法）”，英文解释为“written language in its ordinary form rather than poetry”举个🌰：I've always preferred reading prose to poetry. 我一直更偏爱读散文而不是诗歌。

debut /ˈdeɪ.bju/ 作动词，表示“首演，首次登台；首次亮相”，英文解释为“to perform or be introduced to the public for the first time”举个🌰：The Broadway show debuted last year to great acclaim. 这个百老汇节目去年首次演出就受到了广泛赞扬。

作名词，表示“（演员、运动员等的）首次登台，初次亮相；新事物的问世”，英文解释为“The debut of a performer or sports player is their first public performance, appearance, or recording.”举个🌰：She made her debut in a 1937 production of "Hamlet." 她在1937年《哈姆雷特》的演出中首次登台。

She later began writing longer prose works, most notably “The Vegetarian,” one of her first books to be translated into English. The novel, which won the Man Booker International Prize in 2016, charts a young woman’s attempt to live a more “plant-like” existence after suffering macabre nightmares about human cruelty.

后来，她开始创作长篇散文作品，其中最著名的是《素食主义者》，这是她最早被翻译成英文的作品之一。这部小说在2016年获得了布克国际文学奖，讲述了一位年轻女性在经历关于人类残忍行为的可怕噩梦之后，试图过上更加“植物般”生活的故事。

notably /ˈnəʊ.tə.bli/ 1）表示“格外地，特别地”，英文解释为“especially or most importantly”

2）表示“明显地；显然；值得注意地”，英文解释为“to an important degree, or in a way that can or should be noticed”

the charts 表示“（每周唱片销量）排行榜”，英文解释为“the lists produced each week of the records with the highest sales”如：the dance charts舞曲排行榜。

chart /tʃɑːt/ 作动词，1）熟词僻义，表示“计划行动步骤；制定（行动计划）”，英文解释为“to arrange a plan of action”举个🌰：She had carefully charted her route to the top of her profession. 她周密地制订了达到她职业巅峰的行动计划。

2）表示“仔细观察；详细记录”，英文解释为“to record or follow the progress or development of sb/sth”举个🌰：We need some sort of graph on which we can chart our progress. 我们需要那种可以在上面标出我们进展的图表。

3）表示“（音乐）进榜，上榜”，英文解释为“(of a record) sell enough copies to enter the music charts at a particular position.”举个🌰：举个🌰：Their first record didn't even chart. 他们的首张唱片连排行榜都没有进。

macabre /məˈkɑː.brə/ 表示“（与死亡或暴力有关而）恐怖的，可怕的，令人毛骨悚然的”，英文解释为“used to describe something that is very strange and unpleasant because it is connected with death or violence”举个🌰：She has a pretty macabre sense of humour. 她有一种颇让人害怕的幽默感。

nightmare /ˈnaɪt.meər/ 表示“梦魇，噩梦”，英文解释为“a very upsetting or frightening dream”如：a terrifying nightmare 可怕的噩梦；或者表示“极不愉快的事情，可怕的经历；可能发生的坏事”，英文解释为“an extremely unpleasant event or experience or possible event or experience”

cruelty /ˈkruː.əl.ti/ 表示“残忍，残酷；残酷行为；虐待”，英文解释为“cruel behaviour or a cruel action”举个🌰：The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals. 农场主被指控虐待动物。

Han is the first South Korean author to win the literature prize, and just the 18th woman out of the 117 prizes awarded since 1901.

韩江是首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的韩国作家，也是自1901年以来117位获奖者中的第18位女性。

Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, announced the decision at a news conference in Stockholm, and said she had received the honor for “for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.”

组织该奖项的瑞典学院常务秘书马茨·马尔姆（Mats Malm）在斯德哥尔摩的新闻发布会上宣布了这一结果，并称她获得这一荣誉的原因是“她的散文充满诗意，直面历史创伤，揭示了人类生命的脆弱性”。

permanent secretary /ˌpɜː.mə.nənt ˈsek.rə.tər.i/ 表示“常务秘书”，英文解释为“(in the) a government official who belongs to the Civil Service (= the official departments responsible for putting government plans into action) rather than an elected government”

poetic /pəʊˈet.ɪk/ 1）表示“诗的，诗歌的”，英文解释为“like or relating to poetry or poets”如：a collection of Dryden's poetical works (= poems) 德莱顿诗集。

2）表示“极美的；充满诗意的；诗情画意的”，英文解释为“very beautiful or expressing emotion”举个🌰：He creates abstract, mournfully poetic black-and-white images of wrapped objects. 他围绕包裹起来的物体创造了抽象、忧伤而充满诗意的黑白影像。

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ 1）表示“面临（问题、任务、困难等）”，英文解释为“If you are confronted with a problem, task, or difficulty, you have to deal with it.”举个🌰：She was confronted with severe money problems. 她面临严重的资金问题。

2）表示“正视（困难局面或问题）”，英文解释为“If you confront a difficult situation or issue, you accept the fact that it exists and try to deal with it.”举个🌰：We are learning how to confront death. 我们在学习如何正视死亡。

trauma /ˈtrɔːmə/ /ˈtrɑː.mə/ 表示“精神创伤，心理创伤”，英文解释为“(a) severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience”举个🌰：He had psychotherapy to help him deal with his childhood traumas. 他进行了心理治疗以医治童年时代受到的心理创伤。

expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ 1）表示“暴露；露出；使曝光”，英文解释为“to remove what is covering something so that it can be seen”举个🌰：The plaster on the walls has been removed to expose the original bricks underneath. 墙上的灰泥已被除去，露出了里面原本的墙砖。

2）表示“揭露，揭发，揭穿坏事（或不诚实之事）”，英文解释为“to make public something bad or dishonest”举个🌰：The newspaper story exposed him as (= showed that he was) a liar. 报纸上的这篇报道揭发他是个骗子。

fragility /frəˈdʒɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“脆弱”，英文解释为“the quality of being easily harmed or destroyed”举个🌰：The collapse of the bank is an ominous reminder of the fragility of the world's banking system. 这家银行的倒闭是对世界银行系统脆弱性的不祥提醒。

The Nobel Prize is literature's pre-eminent award, and winning it is a capstone to a writer, poet or playwright's career. Past recipients have included Toni Morrison, Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Along with the prestige and a huge boost in sales, the new laureate receives 11 million Swedish kronor, about $1 million.

诺贝尔文学奖是文学界的最高奖项，获奖被视为作家、诗人或剧作家职业生涯的巅峰。以往的获奖者包括托尼·莫里森（Toni Morrison）、哈罗德·品特（Harold Pinter）以及2016年的鲍勃·迪伦（Bob Dylan）。除了声望和销售额的大幅提升，新一届获奖者还将获得1,100万瑞典克朗（约合100万美元）的奖金。

pre-eminent /ˌpriːˈem.ɪ.nənt/ 表示“卓越的，杰出的，出类拔萃的”，英文解释为“more important or better than others”举个🌰：She is the pre-eminent authority in her subject. 她在自己的学科领域是杰出的权威。

capstone /ˈkæp.stəʊn/ 1）表示“顶石，压顶石”，英文解释为“a stone at the top of a wall or building”

2）表示“顶点”，英文解释为“someone's greatest achievement or the greatest part of something”举个🌰：This position represents the capstone of my career. 获得这个位置代表了我职业生涯的顶点。

playwright /ˈpleɪ.raɪt/ 表示“剧作家”，英文解释为“a person who writes plays”

recipient /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/ 表示“接受者；领受者；承受者”，英文解释为“a person who receives something”举个🌰：He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. 他被授予平民服务奖章。

prestige /prɛˈstiːʒ/ 1）作名词，表示“威信；声望；威望”，英文解释为“the respect and admiration that sb/sth has because of their social position, or what they have done”举个🌰：There is a lot of prestige attached to owning a car like this. 拥有这样一部汽车会显得很气派。

2）作形容词，表示“名贵的；贵重的；讲究派头的”，英文解释为“admired and respected because it looks important and expensive”如：a prestige car 豪华的汽车。

boost /buːst/ 可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“改善；提高；增强；推动”，英文解释为“to improve or increase something”举个🌰：The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 剧院设法通过降低票价来增加观众数量。

📍“佩洛西有病还是先治病吧”文中提到be boosted，get boosted用来指打了加强针（疫苗），也有说booster shot/booster dose.

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

kronor /'krəunə-ɔn:/ 克朗，瑞典货币单位。

“krona”和“kronor”都是瑞典货币瑞典克朗的名称，它们之间的区别在于单数和复数形式。Krona是单数形式。Kronor是复数形式。

In recent years, the academy has tried to increase the diversity of authors considered for the literature prize, after facing criticism over the low number of laureates who were female or came from outside Europe and North America.

近年来，由于女性获奖者或来自欧洲和北美以外地区的获奖者人数较少而饱受批评后，瑞典学院一直在努力增加文学奖获奖作家的多样性。

diversity /daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/ 表示“多样性，多样化”，英文解释为“the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people”举个🌰：Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? 电视节目能充分反映出这个国家民族和文化的多样性吗？

Since 2020, the academy has awarded the prize to one person of color — Abdulrazak Gurnah, a Tanzanian writer whose novels dissect the legacy of colonialism — as well as two women: Louise Glück, the American poet, and Annie Ernaux, the French writer of autobiographical works.

自2020年以来，瑞典学院已将该奖项授予了一位有色人种——坦桑尼亚作家阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳（Abdulrazak Gurnah），其小说剖析了殖民主义的遗留问题，此外还授予了两位女性：美国诗人露易丝·格丽克（Louise Glück）和法国自传体作家安妮·埃尔诺（Annie Ernaux）。

Tanzanian /ˌtæn.zəˈniː.ən/ 表示“坦桑尼亚的；坦桑尼亚人的”，英文解释为“belonging to or relating to Tanzania or its people”

dissect /daɪˈsekt/ 1）表示“剖析，仔细分析”，英文解释为“to examine or consider something in detail”举个🌰：He's the kind of person who watches a movie and then dissects it for hours. 他是那种看完电影还要仔细分析上好几个小时的人。

2）表示“解剖（尤指尸体或植物）”，英文解释为“to cut open something, especially a dead body or a plant, and study its structure”

legacy /ˈleɡ.ə.si/ 1）表示“遗产，遗赠”，英文解释为“money or property that you receive from someone after they die”举个🌰：An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy. 一位堂兄留给她一小笔遗产。

2）表示“历史遗产，遗留物”，英文解释为“something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time”举个🌰：The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature. 希腊人有丰富的文学遗产。

📍2022年政府工作报告Part 18中提到了这个词：用好北京冬奥会遗产。We will make the most of the legacy of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.

colonialism /kəˈləʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ 表示“殖民主义”，英文解释为“the belief in and support for the system of one country controlling another”

autobiographical /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“自传的；自传体的”，英文解释为“based on or involving the writer's own life”如：an autobiographical story/novel/poem 自传故事/小说/诗歌。

Last year's recipient was Jon Fosse, a Norwegian author and playwright whose novels, told in lengthy sentences, often contain religious undertones.

去年获奖者是挪威作家兼剧作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse），其小说通常以冗长的句子叙述，常常包含宗教色彩。

undertone /ˈʌn.də.təʊn/ 表示“（文章或讲话的）含意，弦外之音；（事件或情况的）蕴含意义”，英文解释为“a particular but not obvious characteristic that a piece of writing or speech, an event, or a situation has”举个🌰：I thought her speech had slightly sinister undertones. 我认为她的话里有点儿不祥的意味。

Han's award was a surprise. Before Thursday's announcement, at a news conference in Stockholm, the bookmakers favorite for this year's award was Can Xue, an avant-garde Chinese writer of category-defying novels. Other authors who were seen as likely candidates for this year's prize included Haruki Murakami, the Japanese novelist; Gerald Murnane, a reclusive Australian author; and César Aira, a prolific Argentine author of surreal fiction.

韩江的获奖令人意外。周四在斯德哥尔摩举行的新闻发布会上宣布获奖消息之前，博彩公司最看好的获奖者是中国先锋派作家残雪，她的作品打破了小说的类别界限。其他热门获奖人选包括日本小说家村上春树（Haruki Murakami）、深居简出的澳大利亚作家杰拉尔德·默南（Gerald Murnane）和高产的阿根廷超现实小说作家塞萨尔·艾拉（César Aira）。

bookmaker /ˈbʊkˌmeɪ.kər/ 表示“（尤指赛马等的）赌注登记人”，英文解释为“a person who accepts and pays out amounts of money risked on a particular result, especially of horse races”

favorite/favourite可以作为名词，指“最有希望获胜的人（或动物）；比赛中最被看好的人（或动物）”，英文解释为“the person or animal most people expect to win a race or competition”举个🌰：Brazil are favourites to win this year's World Cup. 巴西队是今年世界杯赛的夺冠热门。

📍也可以表示“受宠的人；受偏爱的人”，英文解释为：a person who is treated with special kindness by someone in authority. 如：the teacher's favourite 老师的宠儿。

the avant-garde /ˌæv.ɑ̃ːˈɡɑːd/ 表示“前卫的；先锋派的”，英文解释为“Avant-garde ideas, styles, and methods are very original or modern in comparison to the period in which they happen.”如：avant-garde art/cinema/painting 先锋派艺术/电影/画作，举个🌰：It was one of the first avant-garde works to appeal to a wide audience. 这是受到观众广泛好评的首批先锋派作品之一。

defy /dɪˈfaɪ/ 1）表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，英文解释为“to refuse to obey or show respect for sb in authority, a law, a rule, etc.”举个🌰：I wouldn't have dared to defy my teachers. 我可不敢不听老师的话。/跟老师作对。

2）defy belief/explanation/description 表示“不可能，无法（相信、解释、描绘等）”，英文解释为“to be impossible or almost impossible to believe, explain, describe, etc.”举个🌰：The chaos at that place defies description. 那个地方一片混乱，难以用语言形容。

🎬电影《爱丽丝梦游仙境》（Alice in Wonderland）中的台词提到：There's things in these woods that defy imagination. 树林里有你无法想象的东西。

reclusive /rɪˈkluː.sɪv/ 表示“隐居的；避世的”，英文解释为“living alone and avoiding going outside or talking to other people”如：a reclusive billionaire 深居简出的亿万富豪。

prolific /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/ 表示“作品丰富的；多产的；（运动员）得分高的”，英文解释为“producing a great number or amount of something”举个🌰：He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation. 他可能是他这代人中最多产的歌曲作家。

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2024年10月10日

第3533天

每天持续行动学外语