日本核爆幸存者组织获诺贝尔和平奖

近日，2024年诺贝尔和平奖揭晓：日本广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者组织“日本原子弹氢弹受害者团体协会”（Nihon Hidankyo）获奖。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary reason the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Nihon Hidankyo?

A. For their efforts to promote nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

B. For their activism in advocating for the abolition of nuclear weapons.

C. For providing medical aid to atomic bomb survivors worldwide.

D. For negotiating peace treaties between nuclear-armed nations.

无注释原文：

Atomic Bomb Survivors Group Wins Nobel Peace Prize

From: VOA

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Nihon Hidankyo, a Japanese organization of survivors of the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, for its activism against nuclear weapons.

The Nobel committee said it "wishes to honor all survivors who, despite physical suffering and painful memories, have chosen to use their costly experience to cultivate hope and engagement for peace."

Hidankyo's Hiroshima branch chairperson, Tomoyuki Mimaki, who was waiting at the city hall for the announcement, cheered and became emotional when he received the news.

"Is it really true? Unbelievable!" Mimaki screamed.

The Nobel committee has honored efforts to ban nuclear weapons before. The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons won the peace prize in 2017, and in 1995 Joseph Rotblat and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs won for their efforts to reduce and ban nuclear weapons.

War continues

This year's prize was awarded as war continues in Ukraine.

In September, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a change in his country's nuclear policy. The change appeared to make it easier for Russia to use nuclear weapons if attacked.

Jørgen Watne Frydnes is chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. He said Friday the award was made as the ban “against the use of nuclear weapons is under pressure."

EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on social media that the results of Hiroshima and Nagasaki still affect humanity. The United States bombed those two Japanese cities using atomic weapons to end World War II in 1945.

Von der Layen said the work of Nihon Hidankyo is very important. “This Nobel Peace Prize sends a powerful message. We have the duty to remember. And an even greater duty to protect the next generations from the horrors of nuclear war," she said.

The United States military dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. An estimated 70,000 people died. Three days earlier, U.S. forces had dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima resulting in an estimated 140,000 deaths. The bombings resulted in Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, bringing World War II to an end.

Survivors of the atomic bombs and victims of nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific formed the group, Nihon Hidankyo, in 1956. At the time, the survivors were demanding government support for health problems.

A 'clear and present danger'

U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said in a statement that the survivors selflessly brought attention to the human cost of nuclear weapons.

"Nuclear weapons remain a clear and present danger to humanity, once again appearing in the daily rhetoric of international relations," he added. "It is time for world leaders to be as clear-eyed as the hibakusha, and see nuclear weapons for what they are: devices of death that offer no safety, protection, or security." Hibakusha is a Japanese word that refers to survivors of the atomic bombs or the radiation they caused.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Atomic Bomb Survivors Group Wins Nobel Peace Prize

From: VOA

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Nihon Hidankyo, a Japanese organization of survivors of the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, for its activism against nuclear weapons.

诺贝尔和平奖授予了日本广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者组织“日本原子弹氢弹受害者团体协会”（Nihon Hidankyo），以表彰其反对核武器的积极行动。

atomic /əˈtɒm.ɪk/ 表示“原子能的；利用原子能的”，英文解释为“using the energy that is created when an atom is divided”如：atomic energy/power 原子能。

The Nobel committee said it "wishes to honor all survivors who, despite physical suffering and painful memories, have chosen to use their costly experience to cultivate hope and engagement for peace."

诺贝尔奖委员会表示，“我们希望向所有幸存者致敬，他们不顾身体上的痛苦和痛苦的回忆，选择将自己付出沉重代价的经历化作希望的力量，积极投入到和平事业中。”

Hidankyo's Hiroshima branch chairperson, Tomoyuki Mimaki, who was waiting at the city hall for the announcement, cheered and became emotional when he received the news.

日本原子弹氢弹受害者团体协会广岛分会会长三卷智之（Tomoyuki Mimaki）在市政厅等待结果的公布。当他得知这一消息时，他欢呼雀跃，激动不已。

"Is it really true? Unbelievable!" Mimaki screamed.

“这是真的吗？难以置信！”三卷智之尖叫道。

The Nobel committee has honored efforts to ban nuclear weapons before. The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons won the peace prize in 2017, and in 1995 Joseph Rotblat and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs won for their efforts to reduce and ban nuclear weapons.

诺贝尔委员会此前也曾表彰过致力于禁止核武器的努力。国际废除核武器运动（International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons）于2017年获得了诺贝尔和平奖。1995年，约瑟夫·罗特布拉特（Joseph Rotblat）和帕格沃什科学和世界事务会议（Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs）也因其致力于减少和禁止核武器的努力而获奖。

abolish /əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/ 表示“废除，废止”，英文解释为“to end an activity or custom officially”举个🌰：I think bullfighting should be abolished. 我认为斗牛应该废止。

War continues 战争仍在继续

This year's prize was awarded as war continues in Ukraine.

今年的诺贝尔和平奖颁发之际，乌克兰战争仍在继续。

In September, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a change in his country's nuclear policy. The change appeared to make it easier for Russia to use nuclear weapons if attacked.

9月，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）宣布改变俄罗斯的核政策。这一变化似乎使俄罗斯在受到攻击时更容易使用核武器。

Jørgen Watne Frydnes is chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. He said Friday the award was made as the ban “against the use of nuclear weapons is under pressure."

挪威诺贝尔委员会主席约根·瓦特内·弗莱德内斯（Jørgen Watne Frydnes）周五表示，该奖项的颁发是因为“反对使用核武器的禁令正面临压力”。

EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on social media that the results of Hiroshima and Nagasaki still affect humanity. The United States bombed those two Japanese cities using atomic weapons to end World War II in 1945.

欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩（Ursula von der Leyen）在社交媒体上表示，广岛和长崎事件的后果仍影响着人类。1945年，美国使用原子武器轰炸了这两座日本城市，结束了第二次世界大战。

bomb /bɒm/ 作动词，表示“轰炸，投弹于”，英文解释为“to drop bombs on something”举个🌰：Planes bombed the city every night. 飞机每晚都轰炸该市。

Von der Layen said the work of Nihon Hidankyo is very important. “This Nobel Peace Prize sends a powerful message. We have the duty to remember. And an even greater duty to protect the next generations from the horrors of nuclear war," she said.

冯德莱恩表示，日本原子弹氢弹受害者团体协会的工作非常重要。“诺贝尔和平奖传递了一个强有力的信号。我们有责任铭记历史，更有责任保护下一代免遭核战争的浩劫，”她说。

The United States military dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. An estimated 70,000 people died. Three days earlier, U.S. forces had dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima resulting in an estimated 140,000 deaths. The bombings resulted in Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945, bringing World War II to an end.

美军于1945年8月9日向长崎投下了一枚原子弹，估计有7万人丧生。而三天前，美军在广岛投下一枚原子弹，估计造成14万人死亡。这两次轰炸导致日本于1945年8月15日投降，结束了第二次世界大战。

atomic bomb = atom bomb /ˈæt.əm ˌbɒm/ 表示“原子弹”，英文解释为“an extremely powerful bomb that uses the explosive power resulting from splitting the atom”

surrender /sərˈen.dər/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“放弃；交出”，英文解释为“If you surrender something you would rather keep, you give it up or let someone else have it, for example after a struggle.”举个🌰：She had to fill out forms surrendering all rights to her property. 她不得不填写表格，放弃对她财产的所有权利。

2）表示“投降；屈服”，英文解释为“If you surrender, you stop fighting or resisting someone and agree that you have been beaten.”举个🌰：The hijackers eventually surrendered themselves to the police. 劫机者最终向警方投降。

Survivors of the atomic bombs and victims of nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific formed the group, Nihon Hidankyo, in 1956. At the time, the survivors were demanding government support for health problems.

原子弹爆炸的幸存者和太平洋核武器试验的受害者于1956年成立了日本原子弹氢弹受害者团体协会。当时，幸存者们要求政府为其健康问题提供支持。

A 'clear and present danger'“迫在眉睫的威胁”

U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said in a statement that the survivors selflessly brought attention to the human cost of nuclear weapons.

联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（António Guterres）在声明中表示，这些幸存者无私地让人们关注核武器给人类带来的代价。

"Nuclear weapons remain a clear and present danger to humanity, once again appearing in the daily rhetoric of international relations," he added. "It is time for world leaders to be as clear-eyed as the hibakusha, and see nuclear weapons for what they are: devices of death that offer no safety, protection, or security." Hibakusha is a Japanese word that refers to survivors of the atomic bombs or the radiation they caused.

“核武器依然是人类面临的明确而现实的威胁，再次出现在国际关系的日常论调中。”他补充道。“是时候让世界各国领导者像广岛幸存者（hibakusha）一样清醒地看待核武器，认清核武器的真面目：它们是致死亡炸弹，无法提供任何安全、保护或保障。”hibakusha是日语词汇，指原子弹爆炸幸存者或受到其辐射影响的幸存者。

rhetoric /ˈretərɪk/ 表示“辞令；巧辩；（尤指）花言巧语，浮夸之词；煽动性语言”，英文解释为“language that is used to persuade or influence people, especially language that sounds impressive but is not actually sincere or useful”举个🌰：The speech was dismissed by some people as merely rhetoric. 有些人认为这场演讲只是华而不实的空谈。

device /dɪˈvaɪs/ 熟词僻义，表示“炸弹；爆炸装置”，英文解释为“a bomb or other explosive”如：an explosive/incendiary/nuclear device 爆炸装置/燃烧弹/核爆炸装置。

radiation /ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（核）辐射”，英文解释为“a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health”举个🌰：Many servicemen suffered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests. 很多军人在早期的原子弹试爆后患上了辐射病。

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