韩国总统道歉

今天上午，韩国总统尹锡悦发表对国民谈话，就短暂戒严风波道歉。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following best describes the emotional state of Yoon Suk Yeol as inferred from the article?

A) He is confident and unwavering in his political legacy.

B) He is relieved and content with the outcome of his actions.

C) He is anxious and fearful about ending his presidency without achievement.

D) He is strategically feigning distress to gain public sympathy.

无注释原文：

Why South Korea's Leader, Desperate and Frustrated, Made a Fateful Decision

From: The New York Times

For Yoon Suk Yeol, the unpopular president of South Korea, things appeared to worsen with each passing day. The opposition in Parliament repeatedly pushed for investigations into his wife, as well as the impeachment of his cabinet members, accusing them of corruption and abuse of power. And the lawmakers blocked many of Mr. Yoon's bills and political appointments.

On Tuesday night, Mr. Yoon took a desperate measure, his boldest gamble that he said was driven by frustration and crisis. In a surprise, nationally televised address, he declared martial law, the first time in the country in decades. The move banned all political activities, civil gatherings and “fake news” in what he called an attempt to save his country from “pro-North Korean” and “anti-state forces.”

But it ended almost as abruptly as it had started.

It was the shortest-lived and most bizarre martial law in the history of South Korea.

In the end, driven by his own impulsiveness and surrounded by a small group of insiders, who seldom said no to a leader known for angry outbursts, Mr. Yoon shot his own foot, according to a former aide and political analysts.

“The best option Yoon has now is to resign,” said Sung Deuk Hahm, a professor of political science at Kyonggi University, west of Seoul. “As tragic as it may seem, what happened overnight showed the resilience and durability of South Korean democracy.”

Mr. Yoon did not immediately respond to the opposition's demand. On Wednesday, all senior aides to Mr. Yoon tendered their resignations to Mr. Yoon, leaving him more isolated than ever. Analysts were skeptical about Mr. Yoon's future.

Mr. Yoon has grown increasingly despondent in recent months, particularly over escalating scandals surrounding him and his wife and the relentless pressure from the opposition, said Mr. Hahm, who has known Mr. Yoon since before his election.

“Things have become too much for him,” Mr. Hahm said. “He became mentally unstable under political pressure.”

Mr. Yoon appeared to live with conflicting emotions, Mr. Hahm said. On one hand, he brimmed with optimism that things would work out almost miraculously, as they had in his previous career. On the other, he feared that he would end up a failed president with no positive legacy to speak of — a result he seemingly ensured when he moved to use the military against his opponents Tuesday night.

“I think those two emotions have combined to lead him to his decision,” he said.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why South Korea's Leader, Desperate and Frustrated, Made a Fateful Decision

From: The New York Times

For Yoon Suk Yeol, the unpopular president of South Korea, things appeared to worsen with each passing day. The opposition in Parliament repeatedly pushed for investigations into his wife, as well as the impeachment of his cabinet members, accusing them of corruption and abuse of power. And the lawmakers blocked many of Mr. Yoon's bills and political appointments.

对于韩国不得人心的总统尹锡悦，情况似乎一天比一天糟。国会里的反对派一再推动对他的妻子进行调查，并弹劾他的内阁成员，指控他们腐败和滥用权力。这些议员还阻止了尹锡悦的多项法案和政治任命。

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

impeachment /ɪmˈpiːtʃ.mənt/ 表示“弹劾”，英文解释为“the act of making a formal statement that a public official might be guilty of a serious offence in connection with his or her job, especially in the US”举个🌰：The federal judge faces impeachment. 这名联邦法官面临弹劾。

cabinet /ˈkæb.ɪ.nət/ 表示“内阁”，英文解释为“The cabinet is a group of the most senior advisers or ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.”举个🌰：The announcement came after a three-hour cabinet meeting. 这项公告是在3小时的内阁会议之后发布的。

bill /bɪl/ 熟词僻义，作动词，表示“把…宣传为；做广告；通过广告宣传”，英文解释为“If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes people think they have particular qualities or abilities.”举个🌰：The young author was billed as "the new Beckett." 这位年轻作家被吹捧为“新贝克特”。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奢侈品集团思索清空库存方法的文章中提到：Every frock sold by the likes of Gucci or Givenchy is billed as a must-have that season. 古驰或纪梵希之类的品牌把它们的每条裙子都标榜为当季必买。

作名词，表示“议案，法案”，英文解释为“a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on”举个🌰：The bill was amended (= changed). 议案被修订了。

On Tuesday night, Mr. Yoon took a desperate measure, his boldest gamble that he said was driven by frustration and crisis. In a surprise, nationally televised address, he declared martial law, the first time in the country in decades. The move banned all political activities, civil gatherings and “fake news” in what he called an attempt to save his country from “pro-North Korean” and “anti-state forces.”

本周二晚，尹锡悦采取了孤注一掷的措施。他表示进行这场最大胆的赌博是出于沮丧和危机感。在对全国发表电视讲话时，他突然宣布了戒严令，这是韩国几十年来的第一次。戒严令禁止了一切政治活动、公民集会和“假新闻”，他称此举是为了让国家不被“亲朝鲜反国家势力”者“剿灭掠夺”。

desperate /ˈdes.pər.ət/ 1）表示“非常需要的；非常想要的”，英文解释为“needing or wanting something very much”举个🌰：They are desperate for help. 他们非常需要帮助。

2）表示“（因绝望而）拼命的，不顾一切的”，英文解释为“feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in”举个🌰：The doctors made one last desperate attempt/effort to save the boy's life. 医生们为挽救男孩的生命作了最后一次努力。

frustration /frʌsˈtreɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（因不能满足需求而）沮丧；令人沮丧的事物”，英文解释为“the feeling of being annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want, or something that makes you feel like this”举个🌰：I could sense his frustration at not being able to help. 我可以感觉到他因无力帮忙而心感沮丧。

martial law /ˌmɑː.ʃəl ˈlɔː/ 表示“军事管制，戒严”，英文解释为“the control of a city, country, etc. by an army instead of by its usual leaders”

But it ended almost as abruptly as it had started.

但戒严令的解除几乎与宣布来得一样突然。

It was the shortest-lived and most bizarre martial law in the history of South Korea.

这是韩国历史上最短命、最离奇的戒严。

short-lived /ˌʃɔːtˈlɪvd/ 表示“短暂的；短命的”，英文解释为“If a feeling or experience is short-lived, it only lasts for a short time.”举个🌰：I had a few relationships at college, most of which were fairly short-lived. 我在大学时谈过几次恋爱，但大多都十分短暂。

bizarre /bɪˈzɑː/ 表示“怪异的；罕见的；异乎寻常的”，英文解释为“Something that is bizarre is very odd and strange.”举个🌰：The game was also notable for the bizarre behaviour of the team's manager. 这场比赛另一值得注意的地方是该队经理人异乎寻常的表现。

In the end, driven by his own impulsiveness and surrounded by a small group of insiders, who seldom said no to a leader known for angry outbursts, Mr. Yoon shot his own foot, according to a former aide and political analysts.

据一名前助手和政治分析人士，尹锡悦身边的内部圈子很小，里面的人很少对以爱发脾气著称的他说“不”，最终，尹锡悦在他本人的一时冲动驱使下，搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

impulsiveness /ɪmˈpʌl.sɪv.nəs/ 表示“冲动”，英文解释为“behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have”举个🌰：He had rushed into the relationship too quickly, and regretted his impulsiveness. 他太过匆忙地投入到这段感情中，对自己的冲动很是后悔。

outburst /ˈaʊt.bɜːst/ 表示“（尤指愤怒情绪的）爆发，迸发”，英文解释为“a sudden forceful expression of emotion, especially anger”如：a violent outburst 强烈情感的爆发。

更常用的表达shoot oneself in the foot，表示“（无意中）搬起石头砸自己的脚”，英文解释为“to do something without intending to which spoils a situation for yourself”

aide /eɪd/ 表示“助手”，英文解释为“An aide is an assistant to someone who has an important job, especially in government or in the armed forces.”

“The best option Yoon has now is to resign,” said Sung Deuk Hahm, a professor of political science at Kyonggi University, west of Seoul. “As tragic as it may seem, what happened overnight showed the resilience and durability of South Korean democracy.”

“尹锡悦现在最好的选择是辞职，”京畿大学政治学教授咸成得说，该校位于首尔西部。“尽管这也许显得很不幸，但发生在前一夜的事情表明了韩国民主的恢复力和持久性。”

resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ 表示“快速恢复的能力；适应力”，英文解释为“the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant, such as shock, injury, etc.”

Mr. Yoon did not immediately respond to the opposition's demand. On Wednesday, all senior aides to Mr. Yoon tendered their resignations to Mr. Yoon, leaving him more isolated than ever. Analysts were skeptical about Mr. Yoon's future.

尹锡悦没有马上回应反对派的要求。周三，尹锡悦所有的高级助手都已向尹锡悦递交了辞呈，使得他比以往任何时候都更加孤立。分析人士对尹锡悦的未来持怀疑态度。

tender /ˈten.dər/ 作形容词，表示“温柔的；温情的；关怀的；慈爱的”，英文解释为“gentle, loving, or kind”如：a tender look/smile 温柔的眼神/微笑

作动词，表示“提出；提供”，英文解释为“to give or offer something”举个🌰：Please tender the exact fare. 请如数交费。The health minister has tendered her resignation (= has offered to leave her job). 卫生部长已提交辞呈。

resignation /ˌrez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“辞职；辞去（职务）；放弃（工作）”，英文解释为“the act of telling your employer that you are leaving your job”

2）表示“无奈的顺从；顺从；听任”，英文解释为“Resignation is the acceptance of an unpleasant situation or fact because you realize that you cannot change it.”举个🌰：He sighed with profound resignation. 他极度无奈地叹气。

skeptical /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“怀疑的，持怀疑态度的”，英文解释为“doubting that something is true or useful”举个🌰：Many experts remain skeptical about/of her claims. 很多专家对她的主张仍然持怀疑态度。

Mr. Yoon has grown increasingly despondent in recent months, particularly over escalating scandals surrounding him and his wife and the relentless pressure from the opposition, said Mr. Hahm, who has known Mr. Yoon since before his election.

在尹锡悦当总统前就认识他的咸成得说，尹锡悦近几个月来对事态的发展越来越绝望，尤其是围绕着他和妻子的丑闻不断升级，以及反对派不断施加的压力。

despondent /dɪˈspɒn.dənt/ 表示“郁闷的，沮丧的，消沉的”，英文解释为“unhappy and with no hope or enthusiasm”举个🌰：He became/grew increasingly despondent when she failed to return his phone calls. 她没给他回电话让他感到越来越郁闷。

escalate /ˈɛskəˌleɪt/ 表示“使…加剧；加剧”，英文解释为“If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.”举个🌰：They fear the dispute could escalate. 他们都害怕争端会加剧。

🎬电影《死亡实验》（The Experiment）中的台词提到：Do I need to escalate matters right now? 逼我把事情闹大吗？

📍de-escalate /ˌdiːˈes.kə.leɪt/ 表示“（使）缓和，（使）缓解”，英文解释为“to (cause to) become less dangerous or difficult”举个🌰：There are signs that the confrontation is beginning to de-escalate. 有迹象表明对立已经开始缓和。

relentless /rɪˈlent.ləs/ 表示“毫不留情的；持续严厉的；持续强烈的”，英文解释为“Something bad that is relentless never stops or never becomes less intense.”如：relentless criticism/pressure 不断的严厉批评/施压，relentless heat 持续高温，举个🌰：The pressure now was relentless. 压力现在毫无减弱之意。

“Things have become too much for him,” Mr. Hahm said. “He became mentally unstable under political pressure.”

“事情对他来说已变得难以承受，”咸成得说。“他的精神状态已在政治压力下变得不稳定。”

Mr. Yoon appeared to live with conflicting emotions, Mr. Hahm said. On one hand, he brimmed with optimism that things would work out almost miraculously, as they had in his previous career. On the other, he feared that he would end up a failed president with no positive legacy to speak of — a result he seemingly ensured when he moved to use the military against his opponents Tuesday night.

咸成得说，尹锡悦似乎生活在矛盾的情绪之中。一方面，他充满乐观，认为事情会几乎奇迹般地顺利发展，就像他在以前的职业生涯中经历的那样。另一方面，他担心自己会最终成为一名失败的总统，没有留下值得一提的正面政治遗产，他周二晚动用军队对付对手的行动似乎确保了这个结果。

conflicting /kənˈflɪk.tɪŋ/ 表示“不一致的；相矛盾的；冲突的”，英文解释为“Conflicting beliefs, needs, facts, etc. are different and opposing.”如：conflicting opinions/ideas/advice 相互冲突的观点/看法/建议。

brim /brɪm/ 表示“注满，装满（尤指液体）”，英文解释为“to become full of something, especially a liquid”举个🌰：His recent triumphs have left the tennis ace brimming (over) with (= full of) confidence and energy. 最近的几次胜利使这位网球高手充满信心和活力。

miraculously /mɪˈræk.jə.ləs.li/ 表示“奇迹般地”，英文解释为“in a way that is very surprising or difficult to believe”举个🌰：Many claim to have been miraculously cured by the spring waters. 很多人声称他们被这温泉奇迹般地治愈了。

legacy /ˈleɡ.ə.si/ 1）表示“遗产，遗赠”，英文解释为“money or property that you receive from someone after they die”举个🌰：An elderly cousin had left her a small legacy. 一位堂兄留给她一小笔遗产。

2）表示“历史遗产，遗留物”，英文解释为“something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time”举个🌰：The Greeks have a rich legacy of literature. 希腊人有丰富的文学遗产。

“I think those two emotions have combined to lead him to his decision,” he said.

“我觉得这两种情绪结合在一起导致他做出了那个决定，”咸成得说。

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