为考研人加油！上岸！
LearnAndRecord约 10 分钟“考研备考，就像黑屋子里洗衣服，你不知道洗干净了没有，只能一遍一遍地去洗。等到上了考场那一刻，灯光亮了。你发现，只要你认真洗过了，那件衣服光亮如新。而你以后，每次穿这件衣服都会想起那段岁月。”
明天，一年一度的考研日。愿你所有的努力都不被辜负，愿你所经历的苦楚让你成为更好的自己。
每年这个时候，我都会翻一翻去年今日的留言区，看着一个个熟悉又陌生的ID和头像，就好像班主任送走了一届又一届的学生，感慨万千，时间总是那么快。
谢谢一路相伴，未来还有更广阔的天空等着你！梦想成真，一研为定！
🤔️小作业：
1. How might universities interpret the findings in terms of resource allocation and exam policies?
A) They may see encouraging hydration as a low-cost intervention to enhance student outcomes.
B) They might reduce library budgets to fund bottled water.
C) They might impose strict bans on any beverages to prevent misconduct.
D) They could require students to undergo medical checks before providing water.
无注释原文：
Drinking water improves exam grades, research suggests
From: BBC
Students who take water into the examination hall may improve their grades, a study of 447 people found.
Controlling for ability from previous coursework results, researchers found those with water scored an average of 5% higher than those without.
The study, from the universities of East London and Westminster, also noted that older students were more likely to bring in water to exam halls.
It says the findings have implications for exam policies on access to drinks.
The researchers observed 447 psychology students at the University of East London - 71 were in their foundation year, 225 were first-years and 151 were in their second year.
Just 25% of the 447 students entered the exam hall with a bottle of water.
Of these, the more mature students (those in their second year of degree study) were more likely to bring in water - 31% did so compared with 21% of foundation year and first-year students.
After taking students' academic ability into account, by examining coursework grades, the researchers found foundation students who drank water could expect to see grades improved by up to 10%.
This improvement was 5% for first-year students and 2% for second years.
Across the cohort, the improvement in marks was 4.8% for water-drinking exam candidates.
The research paper said information about the importance of staying hydrated during exams should be targeted at younger students in particular.
Anxiety
Dr Chris Pawson, from the University of East London, said consuming water may have a physiological effect on thinking functions that lead to improved exam performance.
Water consumption may also alleviate anxiety, which is known to have a negative effect on exam performance, said Dr Pawson.
"Future research is needed to tease apart these explanations, but whatever the explanation it is clear that students should endeavour to stay hydrated with water during exams," he said.
Dr Mark Gardner, from the University of Westminster, told the BBC: "We find the results exciting in that they translate findings from the laboratory to real world settings like this.
"Also, supplementing with water is a really cheap way students and educators can help get better results.
"There are also implications for policy makers in terms of the availability of water on campuses."
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Drinking water improves exam grades, research suggests
From: BBC
Students who take water into the examination hall may improve their grades, a study of 447 people found.
根据一项447名学生参与的调查显示，带水进考场的考生更有可能取得好成绩。
examination hall
表示“考场”，英文解释为“An examination hall is a room where a specific examination takes place.”
Controlling for ability from previous coursework results, researchers found those with water scored an average of 5% higher than those without.
数据显示，带水去考试的考生居然比不带水的考生成绩平均高出约5%。
The study, from the universities of East London and Westminster, also noted that older students were more likely to bring in water to exam halls.
不过，这项由东伦敦大学和威斯敏斯特大学进行的调查同时发现，年龄大些的同学更有可能带水参加考试。
It says the findings have implications for exam policies on access to drinks.
这项调查结果或许对考场规则中有关带水的规定产生影响。
implication
implication /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。
2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。
The researchers observed 447 psychology students at the University of East London - 71 were in their foundation year, 225 were first-years and 151 were in their second year.
447名接受此次调查的东伦敦大学心理专业的学生里，71名是预科生，225名是大学一年级的学生，151名是大学二年级的学生。
foundation year
表示“大学预科”，英文解释为“A foundation year is a one-year introductory course at the beginning of an undergraduate degree program that prepares students for higher education”
Just 25% of the 447 students entered the exam hall with a bottle of water.
仅有25%参与调查的学生带水参加考试。
Of these, the more mature students (those in their second year of degree study) were more likely to bring in water - 31% did so compared with 21% of foundation year and first-year students.
而且，年龄越大，带水的几率就越高：有31%的大二同学带水，而带水参加考试的大一和预科同学只有21%。
After taking students' academic ability into account, by examining coursework grades, the researchers found foundation students who drank water could expect to see grades improved by up to 10%.
通过比较同学们平时作业成绩和学习水平，研究人员惊奇地发现，带水进考场的预科生的成绩，居然比没带水的预科生高出10%。
This improvement was 5% for first-year students and 2% for second years.
带水的大一同学的成绩高出5%，而大二只高出2%。
Across the cohort, the improvement in marks was 4.8% for water-drinking exam candidates.
不过整体看来，带水参加考试有可能把成绩提高约4.8%。
cohort
cohort /ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/ 表示“有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人”，英文解释为“a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age”举个🌰：This study followed up a cohort of 100 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对100位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了6个月的跟踪观察。
📍词根“co-”表示“共同”，“hort”来自拉丁语“cohors”，意味着“围栏，团体”，整体意思是一群共同被“围栏”起来的人，即共同经历某事的一组人。常用短语：Birth cohort（出生队列）：指在同一时间段出生的人群，常用于研究随时间变化的健康模式或疾病趋势。Cohort study（队列研究）：一种观察性研究，跟踪并分析特定特征的一组人随时间的变化。
The research paper said information about the importance of staying hydrated during exams should be targeted at younger students in particular.
这项研究指出，应该格外重视较年轻的学生在考场里保持身体不脱水。
hydrated
📍hydrated /haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/ 表示“摄入足够水分（或其他液体）的”，英文解释为“having absorbed enough water or other liquid”举个🌰：Be sure to stay hydrated during the race by drinking plenty of fluids. 在比赛中一定要多喝水，保持水分。
📍dehydrated /ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/ 表示“脱水的，极度干渴的”，英文解释为“not having the normal amount of water in your body so that you feel ill or weak”
Anxiety 焦虑
Dr Chris Pawson, from the University of East London, said consuming water may have a physiological effect on thinking functions that lead to improved exam performance.
东伦敦的鲍森博士(Dr Chris Pawson)说，在考试过程中喝水，对思考功能的提高可能有一种心理作用。而发达的思考能力，将提高考试成绩。
physiological
physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“生理学的”，英文解释为“relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work”如：the physiological effects of deep-sea diving 深海潜水的生理反应，understanding the physiologic processes involved in disease 理解疾病的生理过程。
Water consumption may also alleviate anxiety, which is known to have a negative effect on exam performance, said Dr Pawson.
鲍森博士还指出，饮水能缓解焦虑，而考试过程里焦虑，将势必影响考试成绩。
alleviate
alleviate /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ 表示“减轻；缓和，缓解”，英文解释为“to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe”举个🌰：The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering. 这些药物对减轻她的病痛/痛苦没有丝毫作用。
📍产业扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development of local industries；生态扶贫 alleviate poverty through the development and conservation of local ecological resources；
"Future research is needed to tease apart these explanations, but whatever the explanation it is clear that students should endeavour to stay hydrated with water during exams," he said.
他说：“尽管这只是个初步结果，但很明显，同学们在考试里一定要让自己别脱水！”
tease sth apart
表示“仔细分离；梳理，拆解”，英文解释为“to carefully separate things that are stuck or twisted together, or to carefully separate something into different parts”
endeavour
美式 endeavor 英式 endeavour /enˈdev.ər/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“努力；奋力”，英文解释为“to try to do something”举个🌰：Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem. 工程师们正竭尽全力查找问题的根源。
Dr Mark Gardner, from the University of Westminster, told the BBC: "We find the results exciting in that they translate findings from the laboratory to real world settings like this.
参与此项调查的威斯敏斯特大学的加德纳博士(Dr Mark Gardner)对BBC说：“能得出这个结果让人兴奋，这确实把通常实验室里的枯燥调查，带入了现实生活。”
"Also, supplementing with water is a really cheap way students and educators can help get better results.
他说：“喝水又不费钱，这样又便宜、又有效提高成绩的方法，何乐而不为呢？”
supplement
supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“补充物，增补物”，英文解释为“something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it；something extra”举个🌰：The doctor said she should be taking vitamin supplements. 医生说她应该服用维生素补充剂。
作动词，表示“增加，补充，增补”，英文解释为“to add something to something to make it larger or better”举个🌰：Some vegetarians like to supplement their diets with iron. 有些素食主义者喜欢在饮食之外吃一些含铁的药片。
"There are also implications for policy makers in terms of the availability of water on campuses."
“这对决策者在校园供水方面也有影响。”
- 词汇盘点 -
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2024年12月20日
第3604天
每天持续行动学外语