考研英语craftsman啥意思

听说，今天考研英语一小作文提到了craftsman，很多人不知道啥意思？

“I was really excited to hear that you'd invite some young craftsman to demonstrate their innovative craft-making on campus. May I know more about what they will show? Also, I'd like to help with your presentation work. Please let me know what I can do.”

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Which best captures the main contrast Golick identifies between construction work and machinist work?

A) Construction demands higher intellect, whereas machining is repetitive.

B) Construction is steadier but offers few advancement options.

C) Construction is physically demanding and inconsistent, whereas machinist work combines hands-on skill and knowledge.

D) Construction pays better but lacks the prestige of machinist credentials.

无注释原文：

The Education of a Craftsman

From: The New York Times, March 1, 2014

Tim Golick, 31, is an apprentice machinist at Hamill Manufacturing in Trafford, Pa.

Q. You're a 31-year-old apprentice. Does that mean you got a late start in the manufacturing field?

A. Yes. I was in construction for 10 years, and I really enjoyed it. But it wasn't steady enough, and it caused a lot of wear and tear on my body. I still miss some things about that job, such as working outside.

Why did you decide on the manufacturing field?

It's a big part of our country's history. My dad and stepdad both have over 35 years in the field. My dad's a welder and my stepdad is a welder-machinist. After working in construction, I got a job working with my stepdad at a company that made pressurized gas tanks for airplanes. At Hamill Manufacturing, I make parts for aircraft carriers.

Why did you take the job at Hamill?

I wanted to be credentialed, which pays better and has more prestige, and Hamill pays for my schooling. I'm in the third year of a four-year machinist program. When I finish, I'll be a journeyman machinist. I'm one of the oldest guys in my class of 20 third-year students. About half are fresh out of high school. They keep me young, and in turn they look up to me for life experience.

What can you do as an apprentice?

You're fairly advanced by the third year of the program. I get a piece of metal and a blueprint. Then I shape the raw material into a product according to the blueprint specifications. That metal square is our canvas. I use a lathe, which spins the metal, and a milling machine, which spins the tool I'm using. I can operate a surface grinder, a drill or any machine necessary for a specific job.

So are you happy that you made the move?

I am. I love that the work is still blue-collar but requires a lot of knowledge. There will always be a need for skilled craftsmen.

Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

I'm starting college courses in the spring on my own dime. As much as I love this work, by then I hope to work in an office, drink coffee at my desk and wear a collared shirt. I'd like to plan the manufacturing process and let someone else do the actual work. That's the beauty of manufacturing. If you put the work in, you can climb the ladder.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

The Education of a Craftsman

From: The New York Times, March 1, 2014

Tim Golick, 31, is an apprentice machinist at Hamill Manufacturing in Trafford, Pa.

蒂姆·戈里克（Tim Golick），31岁，目前是宾夕法尼亚州特拉福德哈米尔制造公司的一名机械师学徒。

craftsman /ˈkrɑːfts.mən/ 表示“工匠，匠人；手艺人；技艺能人”，英文解释为“a person who is skilled in a particular craft”举个🌰：The plates are painted by our finest craftsmen. 这些盘子是由我们最优秀的工匠手工绘制的。

apprentice /əˈpren.tɪs/ 表示“学徒；徒弟”，英文解释为“someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills”如：an apprentice carpenter 木工学徒，举个🌰：Most of the work was done by apprentices. 大部分活儿是由学徒们做的。

machinist /məˈʃiː.nɪst/ 表示“机工，机械师；缝纫工”，英文解释为“a person whose job is operating a machine”举个🌰：She works as a machinist in a clothing factory. 她在一家服装厂做缝纫工。

Q. You're a 31-year-old apprentice. Does that mean you got a late start in the manufacturing field?

问：31岁才开始学徒生涯，这是否意味着你在制造业起步较晚？

A. Yes. I was in construction for 10 years, and I really enjoyed it. But it wasn't steady enough, and it caused a lot of wear and tear on my body. I still miss some things about that job, such as working outside.

答：确实如此。我之前在建筑行业工作了10年，非常喜欢那份工作，但不够稳定，而且对身体造成了很大的负担。我仍然想念那份工作的某些方面，比如在户外作业。

wear and tear /ˌweər ən ˈteər/ 表示“（一定时期内的）磨损，损耗”，英文解释为“the damage that happens to an object in ordinary use during a period”举个🌰：Seat covers on buses take a lot of wear and tear. 火车上的座套磨损比较严重。

Why did you decide on the manufacturing field?

问：是什么促使你选择了制造业？

It's a big part of our country's history. My dad and stepdad both have over 35 years in the field. My dad's a welder and my stepdad is a welder-machinist. After working in construction, I got a job working with my stepdad at a company that made pressurized gas tanks for airplanes. At Hamill Manufacturing, I make parts for aircraft carriers.

答：制造业在我们国家的历史中占有重要地位。我的父亲和继父都在这一领域工作了35年以上。我的父亲是一名焊工，继父则是焊工兼机械师。在结束建筑行业的工作后，我在一家为飞机制造加压气罐的公司找到了一份工作，与继父一起工作。现在，我在哈米尔制造公司，为航空母舰生产零部件。

welder /ˈwel.dər/ 表示“焊工”，英文解释为“a person whose job is welding”

pressurized /ˈpreʃ.ər.aɪzd/ 表示“加压的，增压的；密封的”，英文解释为“If a container, etc. is pressurized, the air pressure inside it is higher than the air pressure outside it.”如：a pressurized tank 增压罐，举个🌰：Aircraft cabins are pressurized. 飞机座舱是密封的。

Why did you take the job at Hamill?

问：你为什么选择加入哈米尔制造公司？

I wanted to be credentialed, which pays better and has more prestige, and Hamill pays for my schooling. I'm in the third year of a four-year machinist program. When I finish, I'll be a journeyman machinist. I'm one of the oldest guys in my class of 20 third-year students. About half are fresh out of high school. They keep me young, and in turn they look up to me for life experience.

答：我希望获得专业认证，因为这不仅能提高收入，还能带来更高的职业声望。而且，哈米尔制造公司会为我的学费买单。我目前正在攻读为期四年的机械师课程，目前是第三年。课程结束后，我将成为一名高级机械师。我是班上20个三年级学生中年龄最大的一个。大约一半同学刚从高中毕业，他们让我保持活力，反过来，我可以教他们生活经验。

credential /krɪˈden.ʃəl/ 一般用复数credentials，表示“（表明某人有资格做某事的）资历；（身份或资格的）证明文件；资格证书；证明书；证件”，英文解释为“Someone's credentials are their previous achievements, training, and general background, which indicate that they are qualified to do something. Someone's credentials are a letter or certificate that proves their identity or qualifications.”如：her credentials as a specialist 她作为一名研究专家的资历。举个🌰：All the candidates had excellent academic credentials. 所有候选人都具有优秀的学历。

credentialed /krɪˈden.ʃəld/ 表示“经认证的”，英文解释为“having the abilities or experience that make a person suitable for a particular job or activity, or having official proof of your abilities or experience”

prestige /prɛˈstiːʒ/ 1）作名词，表示“威信；声望；威望”，英文解释为“the respect and admiration that sb/sth has because of their social position, or what they have done”举个🌰：There is a lot of prestige attached to owning a car like this. 拥有这样一部汽车会显得很气派。

2）作形容词，表示“名贵的；贵重的；讲究派头的”，英文解释为“admired and respected because it looks important and expensive”如：a prestige car 豪华的汽车。

journeyman /ˈdʒɜː.ni.mən/ 1）表示“雇佣工；短工”，英文解释为“a worker who has a skill that makes them able to do a particular job, and who usually works for someone else”

2）表示“熟练工；熟手”，英文解释为“any worker who produces good but not excellent work”

What can you do as an apprentice?

问：作为学徒，你能做些什么呢？

You're fairly advanced by the third year of the program. I get a piece of metal and a blueprint. Then I shape the raw material into a product according to the blueprint specifications. That metal square is our canvas. I use a lathe, which spins the metal, and a milling machine, which spins the tool I'm using. I can operate a surface grinder, a drill or any machine necessary for a specific job.

答：课程进行到第三年，就能掌握很多专业技能。比如给定一块金属和一张图纸，按照图纸的规格将原材料加工成成品。这块金属对我们来说就像一块“画布”。使用车床，让金属旋转，并使用铣床，让工具旋转。同时也会使用表面磨床、钻床或其他完成特定任务所需的设备。

blueprint /ˈbluː.prɪnt/ 表示“蓝图；早期计划；早期设计”，英文解释为“a photographic copy of an early plan for a building or machine；an early plan or design that explains how something might be achieved”

specification /ˌspes.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“规格；规范；标准；明细单；详细说明”，英文解释为“a detailed description of how something should be done, made, etc.”举个🌰：All products are made exactly to the customer's specifications. 所有产品完全按照客户的具体要求制造。

canvas /ˈkæn.vəs/ 我们比较熟悉的意思是表示“（帆布）画布；油画”，英文解释为“a piece of canvas used for painting on; a painting done on a piece of canvas , using oil paints”，还可以指“摔跤或者拳击比赛的台子/地面”（the canvas-covered floor of a boxing or wrestling ring）。

🎬电影《洛奇6：永远的拳王》（Rocky Balboa）提到：He is out cold as he crumbles to the canvas. 他倒在了拳台上失去意识/活生生倒在了拳台上。

lathe /leɪð/ 表示“车床，旋床”，英文解释为“a machine for changing the shape of a piece of wood, metal, etc. that works by turning the material while a sharp tool is pressed against it”

spin /spɪn/ 作动词，表示“（使）（尤指快速）旋转”，英文解释为“to (cause to) turn around and around, especially fast”举个🌰：The earth spins on its axis. 地球绕地轴旋转。

作名词，表示“旋转；转动”，英文解释为“the movement of something turning round very quickly”举个🌰：I hit something on the road, which sent the car into a spin. 我轧到了路面上的什么东西，整个车直打转。

📍spin (sb) a story/tale/yarn 表示“（为骗人或逗乐）杜撰故事，编造故事”，英文解释为“to tell a story, either to deceive someone or for entertainment”举个🌰：He spun some tale about needing to take time off work because his mother was ill. 他编了个瞎话，说他妈妈病了，他需要请假。They spun us a story about being in desperate need of money. 他们编了个瞎话，说他们急需用钱。

📍be spun into 演变为，转变为（将某些信息或情况转变或改编成另一种形式或叙述）

表示“铣床”，英文解释为“a machine tool in which a horizontal arbor or vertical spindle rotates a cutting tool above a horizontal table, which is used to move a workpiece”

grinder /ˈɡraɪn.dər/ 表示“碾磨器械，研磨机”，英文解释为“a machine used to rub or press something until it becomes a powder”如：a coffee/pepper grinder 咖啡豆/辣椒碾磨机

surface grinder一般指平面磨床。主要用砂轮旋转研磨工件以使其可达到要求的平整度。

drill /drɪl/  1）表示“钻；钻床；钻机”，英文解释为“a tool or machine that makes holes”如：an electric/pneumatic drill 电/风钻。

2）表示“（尤指军事）训练，练习”，英文解释为“an activity that practises a particular skill and often involves repeating the same thing several times, especially a military exercise intended to train soldiers”如：a spelling/pronunciation drill 拼写/发音练习，举个🌰：In some of these schools, army-style drills are used to instil a sense of discipline. 这些学校中有一些利用军训来培养纪律观念。

So are you happy that you made the move?

问：你对自己的职业转型感到满意吗？

I am. I love that the work is still blue-collar but requires a lot of knowledge. There will always be a need for skilled craftsmen.

答：非常满意。我喜欢这份工作虽然属于蓝领职业，但需要知识储备。对熟练技工的需求永远存在。

blue-collar /ˌbluːˈkɒl.ər/ 表示“蓝领阶级的，从事体力劳动的”，英文解释为“Blue-collar workers do work needing strength or physical skill rather than office work.”

Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

问：你对未来10年有什么规划？

I'm starting college courses in the spring on my own dime. As much as I love this work, by then I hope to work in an office, drink coffee at my desk and wear a collared shirt. I'd like to plan the manufacturing process and let someone else do the actual work. That's the beauty of manufacturing. If you put the work in, you can climb the ladder.

答：我计划在春季自费攻读大学课程。虽然我热爱现在的工作，但10年后我希望能在办公室工作，坐在办公桌前喝咖啡，穿上有领衬衫。我想专注于规划制造流程，让其他人去完成实际操作。这正是制造业的魅力所在——只要付出努力，就可以不断进步，迈向更高的职业阶梯。

On my own dime 是一个非正式短语，意思是“用我自己的钱”，强调某人是自掏腰包支付费用，而不是由他人或公司资助。这是一个常用的英语表达，尤其是在谈论自费学习或旅行时。

career ladder表示“职业阶梯”，英文解释为“a series of jobs from the lower paid with less responsibility to the highest paid with the most responsibility within a company or particular profession”

“Ladder”指梯子，“climb the ladder”比喻职业生涯或地位的提升，像爬梯子一样一步步往上。

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