空难幸存者的创伤后遗症

近日，一架阿塞拜疆航空公司客机在阿克套市附近坠毁，导致38人遇难，29人生还。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. How does the article support its claim that traumatic events shape individuals' perception of the world?

A. By presenting statistical evidence showing a correlation between trauma and anxiety.

B. By quoting experts and sharing personal anecdotes from the victims.

C. By emphasizing the increasing frequency of aviation emergencies.

D. By detailing the lawsuits filed against airlines for psychological harm.

无注释原文：

'Everyone Thought We Were Going to Die': Living With Flight Trauma

From: The New York Times

Last January, Shandy Brewer boarded an Alaska Airlines flight from Portland, Ore., to Ontario, Calif., en route to her grandmother's birthday celebration. She was seated in the 11th row, between her father and a stranger. Shortly after takeoff, Ms. Brewer and the other passengers heard a loud bang. She couldn't see that 15 rows behind her one of the plane's doors had blown off, exposing passengers to open air at 16,000 feet.

Oxygen masks dropped from the ceiling, and passengers began to pray. She thought they were going to crash. As the plane made an emergency landing in Oregon, Ms. Brewer hugged her father with one arm and the stranger with the other, wishing she could record a video to say goodbye to her mother.

Nearly 11 months on, the mental distress caused by less than 20 minutes of panic in the air is its own form of injury, said Ms. Brewer, now 30: “People say, 'Nobody died on this flight' — but we could have.” Ms. Brewer sees a therapist and practices breathing exercises, but she still has an occasional recurring nightmare about being on a helicopter without doors or a frame, clutching her seat to save herself from barreling into the sky. She's also set off by loud noises. On the Fourth of July, the sound of fireworks made her feel “extreme panic,” and she had to hide indoors.

“There's a cloud over me all the time reminding me that I could die at any second,” she said.

When people discuss fears of flying, they're often reminded that planes are quite safe. According to a 2022 analysis of commercial aviation safety conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, “There has been a significant and sustained reduction in airline accidents in the United States over the past two decades.” The analysis found that flight safety had “improved more than forty-fold.”

But statistics matter little to a mind that can't stop replaying an upsetting event, especially when startling emergencies continue to make the news. “A lot of people develop significant anxiety after these incidents,” said Rebecca B. Skolnick, a clinical psychologist and adjunct assistant clinical professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “It becomes not just something that happened to them, but something that shapes the way they think about the world, and flying in particular,” she said.

Ms. Brewer and more than 30 other passengers from the Alaska Airlines flight are suing the carrier and Boeing, the aircraft manufacturer, citing “severe stress, anxiety, trauma, physical pain, flashbacks and fear of flying and also objective physical manifestations such as sleeplessness, PTSD, hearing damage and other injuries.” According to the lawsuit, one of the plaintiffs wrote a text to their mother, believing, like Ms. Brewer, that the plane was crashing: “We're in masks. I love you.”

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

'Everyone Thought We Were Going to Die': Living With Flight Trauma

From: The New York Times

Last January, Shandy Brewer boarded an Alaska Airlines flight from Portland, Ore., to Ontario, Calif., en route to her grandmother's birthday celebration. She was seated in the 11th row, between her father and a stranger. Shortly after takeoff, Ms. Brewer and the other passengers heard a loud bang. She couldn't see that 15 rows behind her one of the plane's doors had blown off, exposing passengers to open air at 16,000 feet.

今年1月，珊迪·布鲁尔搭乘阿拉斯加航空的班机，从俄勒冈州波特兰飞往加利福尼亚州安大略去给祖母庆生。她坐在第11排，一边是父亲，一边是一位陌生人。起飞后不久，布鲁尔和其他乘客听到了一声巨响。她没有看到，在她身后15排的地方，一扇舱门脱落，乘客们暴露在近5000米的高空中。

威尔·史密斯被禁止出席奥斯卡活动十年文中提到，board作名词，表示“董事会；理事会；委员会”，英文解释为“the group of people who are responsible for controlling and organizing a company or organization”举个🌰：Every decision has to be approved by the board (of directors). 每项决定都必须由董事会通过。

board作动词，表示“（使）上（船、火车或飞机）”，英文解释为“to get onto or allow people to get onto a boat, train, or aircraft”举个🌰：At the airport she boarded a plane to Hangzhou. 在机场她登上了去杭州的飞机。

en route /ˌɒn ˈruːt/ 法语，表示“在途中；在路上”，英文解释为“on the way; while travelling from/to a particular place”，后接(from)...to...；for...，如：a plane en route for Hangzhou 在飞往杭州途中的飞机，举个🌰：The bus broke down en route from Shanghai to Hangzhou. 公共汽车在从上海到杭州的途中抛锚了。

Oxygen masks dropped from the ceiling, and passengers began to pray. She thought they were going to crash. As the plane made an emergency landing in Oregon, Ms. Brewer hugged her father with one arm and the stranger with the other, wishing she could record a video to say goodbye to her mother.

氧气面罩滑落，乘客们开始祈祷。她以为要坠毁了。当飞机在俄勒冈州进行紧急降落时，布鲁尔一边搂着父亲，一边搂着那个陌生人，希望能录一段视频，跟母亲道别。

oxygen mask /ˈɒk.sɪ.dʒən ˌmɑːsk/ 表示“氧气面具，氧气罩”，英文解释为“a piece of equipment that can be put over a person's nose and mouth to supply them with oxygen”

pray /preɪ/ 表示“祷告，祈祷”，英文解释为“to speak to a god either privately or in a religious ceremony in order to express love, admiration, or thanks or in order to ask for something”举个🌰：She knelt and prayed silently. 她跪下默默祈祷。

Nearly 11 months on, the mental distress caused by less than 20 minutes of panic in the air is its own form of injury, said Ms. Brewer, now 30: “People say, 'Nobody died on this flight' — but we could have.” Ms. Brewer sees a therapist and practices breathing exercises, but she still has an occasional recurring nightmare about being on a helicopter without doors or a frame, clutching her seat to save herself from barreling into the sky. She's also set off by loud noises. On the Fourth of July, the sound of fireworks made her feel “extreme panic,” and she had to hide indoors.

现年30岁的布鲁尔说，将近11个月过去了，空中不到20分钟的恐慌所造成的精神痛苦本身就是一种伤害：“人们会说，'这架飞机上没有人因此死亡'——但我们本来可能会死的。”布鲁尔去看心理医生，做呼吸练习，但偶尔还是会做噩梦，梦见自己坐在没有门或框架的直升机上，紧紧抓住座位，不让自己飞出去。她还害怕巨大的噪音。国庆日那天的烟花的声音让她感到“极度恐慌”，不得不躲在室内。

nightmare /ˈnaɪt.meər/ 表示“梦魇，噩梦”，英文解释为“a very upsetting or frightening dream”如：a terrifying nightmare 可怕的噩梦；或者表示“极不愉快的事情，可怕的经历；可能发生的坏事”，英文解释为“an extremely unpleasant event or experience or possible event or experience”

frame /freɪm/ 表示“（图画、门、窗的）框，框架”，英文解释为“a border that surrounds and supports a picture, door, or window”如：a picture frame 画框，也可以表示“帧；（摄影胶片的）画格；（电视或电影的）画面，镜头”，英文解释为“one of the pictures on a strip of photographic film, or one of the single pictures that together form a television or cinema film”

📍time frame /ˈtaɪm ˌfreɪm/ 表示“（安排进行某活动的）时间框架，时间范围”，英文解释为“a period of days, weeks, months, etc. within which an activity is intended to happen”举个🌰：Have you set a time frame for completing the job? 你给这项工作定完成时限了吗？The time frame within which all this occurred was from February 2015 to March 2024. 这一切都是在2015年2月到2024年3月的时间范围内发生的。

作动词，frame /freɪm/ 1）可以表示“（措词谨慎地）表达，说出”，英文解释为“to express something choosing your words carefully”举个🌰：The interview would have been more productive if the questions had been framed more precisely. 如果当时问题提得更确切些，采访就会更有成效。

2）frame /freɪm/ 表示“给（图画等）装（镜）框”，英文解释为“to fix a border around a picture, etc. and often glass in front of it”举个🌰：I keep meaning to get that photo framed. 我一直打算给那张照片镶上框。

📍framed /freɪmd/ 表示“加外框的”，英文解释为“surrounded by a border”如：a framed photograph 用像框装起来的照片。

clutch /klʌtʃ/ 作动词，表示“（通常指因恐惧、焦虑或痛苦而）紧抓，紧握”，英文解释为“to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear, worry, or pain”举个🌰：Silent and pale, she clutched (onto) her mother's hand. 她一声不吭，面色苍白，死死抓着母亲的手。

作名词，1）单数，表示“一群（人或动物）；一批（物品）”，英文解释为“a group of people, animals or things”举个🌰：He's won a whole clutch of awards. 他获得一大堆奖。

2）通常复数，表示“势力范围；控制；掌管”，英文解释为“power or control”举个🌰：He managed to escape from their clutches. 他设法摆脱了他们的控制。

barrel /ˈbær.əl/ 除了表示“桶”，英文解释为“a large container, made of wood, metal, or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle”，还可以表示“枪管”，英文解释为“the long part of a gun that is shaped like a tube”

作动词，表示“飞驰”，英文解释为“to travel somewhere very quickly”举个🌰：We were barrelling along the autobahn at 180 kph. 我们以每小时180公里的速度在高速路上飞驰。

“There's a cloud over me all the time reminding me that I could die at any second,” she said.

“乌云一直笼罩着我，提醒我随时可能死去，”她说。

When people discuss fears of flying, they're often reminded that planes are quite safe. According to a 2022 analysis of commercial aviation safety conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, “There has been a significant and sustained reduction in airline accidents in the United States over the past two decades.” The analysis found that flight safety had “improved more than forty-fold.”

当人们讨论飞行恐惧时，他们经常会被提醒，飞机是相当安全的交通工具。根据美国国家科学院在2022年对商业航空安全所做的分析，“在过去20年里，美国的航空事故显著且持续减少。”该分析发现，飞行安全“提高了逾40倍”。

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“航空（学）；飞行（术）；航空工业”，英文解释为“the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition”如：the British Civil Aviation Authority 英国民航局。

sustained /səˈsteɪnd/ 1）表示“持续的，持久的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：His speech was greeted by sustained applause. 他的演讲博得了经久不息的掌声。

2）表示“坚定的，坚持不懈的”（determined），2020年政府工作报告Part 10中提到：持续打造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境 make sustained efforts to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment.

But statistics matter little to a mind that can't stop replaying an upsetting event, especially when startling emergencies continue to make the news. “A lot of people develop significant anxiety after these incidents,” said Rebecca B. Skolnick, a clinical psychologist and adjunct assistant clinical professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “It becomes not just something that happened to them, but something that shapes the way they think about the world, and flying in particular,” she said.

但对于一个无法在脑海中停止回放令人不安的事件的人来说，统计数据几乎没有意义，尤其是当令人震惊的突发事件不断出现在新闻中时。西奈山伊坎医学院的临床心理学家、兼职临床助理教授丽贝卡·B·斯科尔尼克说，“很多人在这些事件发生后都会产生严重的焦虑。这不仅仅是所发生的事情本身，还有影响到他们思考世界的方式，尤其是对飞行的看法。”

statistic /stəˈtɪs.tɪk/ 表示“统计数字”，英文解释为“a fact in the form of a number that shows information about something”举个🌰：The city's most shocking statistic is its high infant mortality rate. 这座城市最令人震惊的统计数字是其高婴儿死亡率。

复数，statistics 表示“统计数据；统计资料”，英文解释为“information based on a study of the number of times something happens or is present, or other numerical facts”举个🌰：Statistics show/suggest that women live longer than men. 统计资料显示女性比男性寿命长。

clinical /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/ 1）表示“门诊的，临床的”，英文解释为“used to refer to medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people”如：clinical tests/training 临床试验/实习。

2）表示“冷漠的；无动于衷的；无感情的”，英文解释为“expressing no emotion or feelings”举个🌰：She seems to have a very clinical attitude towards her children. 她好像对子女们态度很冷漠。

表示“兼职教授，客座教授，副教授”，An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time.

Ms. Brewer and more than 30 other passengers from the Alaska Airlines flight are suing the carrier and Boeing, the aircraft manufacturer, citing “severe stress, anxiety, trauma, physical pain, flashbacks and fear of flying and also objective physical manifestations such as sleeplessness, PTSD, hearing damage and other injuries.” According to the lawsuit, one of the plaintiffs wrote a text to their mother, believing, like Ms. Brewer, that the plane was crashing: “We're in masks. I love you.”

布鲁尔和那架阿拉斯加航空航班上的其他30多名乘客正在起诉航司和飞机制造商波音公司，理由是“严重的压力、焦虑、创伤、身体疼痛、闪回和对飞行的恐惧，以及客观的身体表现，如失眠、创伤后应激障碍、听力损害和其他伤害”。根据诉讼，其中一名原告跟布鲁尔一样也认为飞机正在坠毁，在飞机上给母亲写了一张便条：“我们戴着氧气面罩。我爱你。“

trauma /ˈtrɔːmə/ /ˈtrɑː.mə/ 表示“精神创伤，心理创伤”，英文解释为“(a) severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience”举个🌰：He had psychotherapy to help him deal with his childhood traumas. 他进行了心理治疗以医治童年时代受到的心理创伤。

flashback /ˈflæʃ.bæk/ 表示“（尤指不愉快往事的）闪回”，英文解释为“a sudden, clear memory of a past event or time, usually one that was bad”举个🌰：I kept having flashbacks of her lying there bleeding. 我的脑海里不断闪现出她躺在那里流着血的情景。

manifestation /ˌmæn.ɪ.fesˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“表现；显现”，相当于“appearance”；也可以指“显示；表明”，英文解释为“a sign of something existing or happening”

剑桥词典公布2024年度词汇：Manifest. “Manifest”一词起源于拉丁语和法语，最初用作形容词，意为“清晰可见”或“显而易见”。随着时间的推移，该词逐渐发展为动词，表示“清楚地展示某事物”。在20世纪早期，manifest开始衍生出新的含义，指通过内化某种想法，或通过有意或无意的方式促使其发生（实现梦想）。剑桥词典英文解释：to use methods such as visualization (= picturing something in your mind) and affirmation (= repeating positive phrases) to help you imagine achieving something you want, in the belief that doing so will make it more likely to happen.

📍plaintiff /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/ 表示“起诉人，原告”，英文解释为“someone who brings a legal action against another person in a court of law”

📍defendant表示“被告”，英文解释为“the person in a court of law who has been accused of doing something illegal”

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