愿平安！

据中国地震台网正式测定：1月7日9时5分在西藏日喀则市定日县（北纬28.50度，东经87.45度）发生6.8级地震，震源深度10千米。

🤔️小作业：

1. In the article, the phrase “streamed out of their homes” is closest in meaning to:

A. Gathered inside their homes.

B. Moved out in large numbers quickly.

C. Rebuilt their homes after the earthquake.

D. Stood still in shock outside their homes.

无注释原文：

Strong Earthquake Hits Remote Xizang in Western China, Killing Dozens

From: The New York Times

Dozens of people were killed and hundreds of buildings were toppled after a 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck a region near one of Xizang's holiest cities, close to the Himalayan border with Nepal on Tuesday. Tremors were felt in Nepal.

The quake struck shortly after 9 a.m. at a depth of 6.2 miles in Dingri County in Xizang, Chinese state media reported. The state-run news agency Xinhua said at least 53 people had died and that rescue teams were deployed to locate more victims. Xinhua published video of police removing rubble and lifting debris.

China's state broadcaster reported that more than 1,000 houses had collapsed in Dingri County.

Several aftershocks were felt in the area, including in Nepal. The quake had a magnitude of 6.8, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center.

The nearest city to the earthquake's epicenter was Shigatse, the second-largest city in Xizang, with a population of 640,000.

A tourist not far from Shigatse who spoke to The Times said she was in her hotel room when the earthquake started shaking her building. She said the electricity went out and that she and a friend squatted between the beds. When the shaking stopped, they ran out of the building.

The tourist, who only have her surname, Xu, later posted video on the Chinese social media site, Xiaohongshu, showing several single-story brick buildings with collapsed walls.

The Himalayan region is prone to powerful earthquakes. In 2015, a quake in Nepal with a magnitude of 7.8 killed nearly 9,000 people. In Kathmandu, Nepal's capital, residents streamed out of their homes in the morning as the earthquake rattled buildings.

“Based on the magnitude of the earthquake, there could be some damages in mountains of eastern Nepal,” said Lok Bijaya Adhikari, a senior seismologist at Nepal's National Earthquake Monitoring and Research Center.

Most residents from Nepal's high mountain regions such as Everest, Makalu, Rolwaling and Kanchenjunga have migrated to lowland areas to avoid the extreme cold of winter.

“Although most people migrate to lower land during winter season, some are still there,” said Ang Tshering Sherpa, the former chief of the Nepal Mountaineering Association. “There's always risk of avalanche and glacial lake outburst floods after earthquakes.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Strong Earthquake Hits Remote Xizang in Western China, Killing Dozens

From: The New York Times

Dozens of people were killed and hundreds of buildings were toppled after a 6.8-magnitude earthquake struck a region near one of Xizang's holiest cities, close to the Himalayan border with Nepal on Tuesday. Tremors were felt in Nepal.

周二，中国西部靠近尼泊尔边境的西藏圣城之一附近发生6.8级地震，已造成数十人丧生，数百栋建筑倒塌，尼泊尔有震感。

1）表示“打倒；推翻；颠覆”，英文解释为“to make sb lose their position of power or authority”

2）表示“（使）倒下；（使）倒塌”，英文解释为“to (cause to) lose balance and fall down”举个🌰：The statue was toppled (over) by the crowds. 雕像被众人推倒了。

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ 1）表示“（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度；巨大；重大，重要性”，英文解释为“the large size or importance of something”举个🌰：They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎未领会问题的重要性。

2）表示“震级”（the size of an earthquake）。

holy /ˈhəʊ.li/ 1）表示“神圣的；上帝的”，英文解释为“related to a religion or a god”如：holy scriptures/rites 圣经/神圣的仪式。

2）表示“虔诚的；圣洁的”，英文解释为“very religious or pure”如：a holy person 圣洁的人。

tremor /ˈtrem.ər/ 1）表示“轻微地震，小地震”，英文解释为“a slight earthquake”举个🌰：The tremor was felt as far as 200 miles away. 这次小震200英里以外的地方都有震感。

2）表示“（尤指因紧张或兴奋）颤抖，发抖”，英文解释为“a slight shaking movement in a person's body, especially because of nervousness or excitement”举个🌰：There was a slight tremor in her voice. 她的声音微微发颤。

The quake struck shortly after 9 a.m. at a depth of 6.2 miles in Dingri County in Xizang, Chinese state media reported. The state-run news agency Xinhua said at least 53 people had died and that rescue teams were deployed to locate more victims. Xinhua published video of police removing rubble and lifting debris.

中国官方媒体报道，上午9点过后不久，中国西藏定日县发生地震，震源深度为10公里。官方新闻机构新华社说，至少有53人遇难。救援队正在寻找更多的受难者。新华社发布了警方清理瓦砾和搬运残骸的视频。

deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/ 1）表示“利用，调动（尤指想法、论据等）；有效运用；发挥…的作用”，英文解释为“to use something for a particular purpose, especially ideas, arguments etc”如：a job in which a variety of professional skills will be deployed 要用到多项专业技术的工作。

2）表示“部署，调度”，英文解释为“to organize or move soldiers, military equipment etc so that they are in the right place and ready to be used”如：NATO's decision to deploy cruise missiles 北约要部署巡航导弹的决定。

rubble /ˈrʌb.əl/ 表示“（房屋倒塌或被毁后留下的）瓦砾堆，碎砖烂瓦，碎石”，英文解释为“the piles of broken stone and bricks, etc. that are left when a building falls down or is destroyed”举个🌰：The bomb reduced the house to rubble. 炸弹把这座房屋炸成了一堆瓦砾。

区分：

📍rubber表示“橡胶；合成橡胶”， 英文解释为“an elastic substance (= that stretches) made either from the juice of particular tropical trees or artificially”

debris /ˈdeb.riː/ 表示“碎片，残片；残渣；垃圾；废弃物”，英文解释为“pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish/garbage that are left somewhere”举个🌰：Clear away leaves and other garden debris from the pond. 把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。

China's state broadcaster reported that more than 1,000 houses had collapsed in Dingri County.

官方报纸《南方日报》报道，定日县有1000多所房屋倒塌。

broadcaster /ˈbrɔːdˌkɑː.stər/ 1）表示“广播员；（电视或电台的）节目主持人”，英文解释为“a person whose job is presenting or talking on television or radio programmes”

2）表示“电视台；广播公司”，英文解释为“a company that sends out television or radio programmes”

collapse /kəˈlæps/ 作名词，表示“（系统、组织、企业等的）崩溃，瓦解，失败”，英文解释为“the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.”举个🌰：I don't know what caused the collapse of her marriage. 我不知道她婚姻失败的原因是什么。

作动词，1）表示“崩溃，垮掉，失败”，英文解释为“to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly”举个🌰：Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 劳资谈判彻底破裂。

2）表示“倒塌，坍塌；崩溃，垮掉”，英文解释为“to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support”举个🌰：Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. 数以千计的建筑物在地震中倒塌了。

3）表示“（因疾病或虚弱而）倒下，昏倒”，英文解释为“If someone collapses, they fall down because of being sick or weak.”举个🌰：He collapsed and died of a heart attack. 他心脏病发作，倒地而亡。

Several aftershocks were felt in the area, including in Nepal. The quake had a magnitude of 6.8, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center.

包括尼泊尔在内的该地区感受到多次余震。据中国地震台网，此次地震震级为6.8级。

aftershock /ˈɑːf.tə.ʃɒk/ 表示“（地震后的）余震”，英文解释为“a sudden movement of the earth's surface that often follows an earthquake and is less violent than the first main movement”举个🌰：The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks. 初震后又发生了一系列的余震。

The nearest city to the earthquake's epicenter was Shigatse, the second-largest city in Xizang, with a population of 640,000.

距震中最近的城市是西藏第二大城市日喀则，人口64万。

epicenter/ˈepɪsentə(r)/ 原意表示“（地震）震中；（原子弹爆炸的）中心，爆炸点”，英文解释为“the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake or atomic explosion”，也用来表示“中心；中枢”，比如“the epicenter of world finance”

A tourist not far from Shigatse who spoke to The Times said she was in her hotel room when the earthquake started shaking her building. She said the electricity went out and that she and a friend squatted between the beds. When the shaking stopped, they ran out of the building.

离日喀则不远的一名游客对《纽约时报》说，地震发生时，她正在酒店房间里，地震令大楼摇晃。她说，当时停电了，她和一个朋友蹲在两张床之间。震动停止后，他们跑出了大楼。

squat /skwɒt/ 表示“蹲，蹲坐”，英文解释为“to position yourself close to the ground balancing on the front part of your feet with your legs bent under your body”举个🌰：She squatted on the ground and warmed her hands by the fire. 她蹲在地上，伸出双手烤火。

The tourist, who only have her surname, Xu, later posted video on the Chinese social media site, Xiaohongshu, showing several single-story brick buildings with collapsed walls.

这位只愿意透露自己姓徐（音）的游客后来在中国社交媒体网站小红书上发布了一段视频，其中显示了几座单层砖房倒塌的画面。

surname /ˈsɜː.neɪm/ 表示“姓，姓氏”，英文解释为“the name that you share with other members of your family; last name”举个🌰：His first name is R but I don't know his surname. 他名叫R，但是我不知道他姓什么。

📍由“sur-”（超过）和“name”（名字）组成，表示在个人名字之上的家族名字，即“姓氏”。近义词：family name（姓），常用短语：share the same surname（有相同的姓氏）

美式 story 英式 storey 表示“楼层，层”，英文解释为“a level of a building”如：a three-story house 3层高的房子，a four-story, brick-and-concrete building 四层砖混结构建筑。

The Himalayan region is prone to powerful earthquakes. In 2015, a quake in Nepal with a magnitude of 7.8 killed nearly 9,000 people. In Kathmandu, Nepal's capital, residents streamed out of their homes in the morning as the earthquake rattled buildings.

喜马拉雅地区是强烈地震多发地带。2015年，尼泊尔发生7.8级地震，造成近9000人死亡。早上，在尼泊尔首都加德满都，随着地震令建筑物发生摇晃，居民们纷纷走出家门。

be prone to 表示“易于（受某事物影响或做某事）的”，英文解释为“To be prone to something, usually something bad, means to have a tendency to be affected by it or to do it.”举个🌰：For all her experience as a television reporter, she was still prone to camera nerves. 尽管有丰富的做电视记者的经验，她仍然倾向于在镜头前紧张。

📍-prone 表示“较常碰到…问题的；有做…倾向的；易于遭受…的”，英文解释为“likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual”如：accident-prone 易出事故的，injury-prone 易受伤的，an earthquake-prone belt 地震多发带。

rattle /ˈrætəl/ 1）表示“使慌乱，使紧张”，英文解释为“to make someone lose confidence or become nervous (informal)”举个🌰：His mocking smile rattled her more than his anger. 他那种嘲讽的微笑比他的愤怒更让她慌乱。

2）表示“（使）发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音；（使）发出尖厉的敲击声；（使）发出嘎嘎声”，英文解释为“to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth do this”举个🌰：Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

“Based on the magnitude of the earthquake, there could be some damages in mountains of eastern Nepal,” said Lok Bijaya Adhikari, a senior seismologist at Nepal's National Earthquake Monitoring and Research Center.

尼泊尔国家地震监测和研究中心的高级地震学家洛克·比贾亚·阿迪卡里说：“根据地震的震级，尼泊尔东部的山区可能会受到一些破坏。”

seismologist /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“地震学家”，英文解释为“someone who studies the sudden, violent movements of the earth connected with earthquakes”

Most residents from Nepal's high mountain regions such as Everest, Makalu, Rolwaling and Kanchenjunga have migrated to lowland areas to avoid the extreme cold of winter.

尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰、马卡鲁峰、罗尔瓦林峰和坎钦贡嘎峰等高山地区的大部分居民已经迁移到较低地区，以躲避冬天的极度寒冷。

migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ 1）表示“移动，转移”，英文解释为“to move from one place to another”举个🌰：Trade has migrated from local shops to the larger chain stores. 贸易正从当地的商店转移到更大的连锁商店。

2）表示“（动物）迁徙，移栖”，英文解释为“When an animal migrates, it travels to a different place, usually when the season changes.”举个🌰：These animals migrate annually in search of food. 这些动物为寻找食物每年都迁徙。

3）表示“（指人）大批外出；（暂时）移居，迁移”，英文解释为“If people migrate, they travel in large numbers to a new place to live temporarily.”

“Although most people migrate to lower land during winter season, some are still there,” said Ang Tshering Sherpa, the former chief of the Nepal Mountaineering Association. “There's always risk of avalanche and glacial lake outburst floods after earthquakes.”

“尽管大多数人在冬季会迁居至地势较低的地方，但仍有一些人留下，”前尼泊尔登山协会主席昂策林·夏尔巴说。“地震后总是会有雪崩和冰蚀湖溃决的风险。”

avalanche /ˈævəˌlɑːntʃ/ 1）表示“雪崩，山崩”，英文解释为“a large mass of snow, ice, and rocks that falls down the side of a mountain”

2）表示“大量；突然到来的一大批”，英文解释为“too many things that arrive or happen at the same time”举个🌰：We were swamped by an avalanche of letters/phone calls/complaints. 大批的来信/电话/投诉让我们疲于应付。We received an avalanche of letters in reply to our advertisement. 我们在登出广告后收到了雪片般飞来的大批答复信件。

glacial /ˈɡleɪ.si.əl/ 1）表示“由冰河形成的；冰川造成的”，英文解释为“made or left by a glacier”如：glacial deposits 冰川沉积。

2）表示“极冷的，冰冷的，冰一般的”，英文解释为“extremely cold”如：glacial temperatures 极低的气温。

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