每周喝多少酒不影响健康？

科学家研究得出，各种患病风险是如何随着饮酒量的变化而变化的，以及为了不加剧健康风险，我们最多可以喝多少酒。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the article, which of the following best explains the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk?

A. Drinking seven or more drinks per week significantly increases the risk.

B. The risk remains constant regardless of the amount consumed.

C. Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of all types of cancer.

D. The health risks of alcohol are limited to heart and liver diseases.

无注释原文：

How Much Alcohol Can You Drink a Week and Still Be Healthy?

From: The Wall Street Journal

How much drinking is bad for you?

Though more people are calling themselves sober-curious or are trying zero-proof replacements for alcohol, drinking is a regular part of social life for most of us. A coupe of champagne can add fun to a celebration. A cocktail can take the edge off a tough day. And a cold beer can liven up a sports game.

Yet scientists' warnings about the potential health problems of even small amounts of alcohol are growing more dire. For moderate drinkers, it can be hard to know what's actually OK to consume: Is two a day that much worse than one? Are two drinks over a week the same as two in a day? 

Averaging no more than about one drink a day is relatively low risk, according to scientists who study alcohol. They warn the risk of cancer rises significantly when you exceed that. Studies have suggested that alcohol contributes to about half a dozen types of cancers, including breast and colorectal, as well as heart and liver disease, among other conditions.

The only way to completely avoid related health problems is to stop drinking alcohol. Plenty of people do cut it out entirely, but for many others, that's a nonstarter.

A U.S. federal dietary committee is currently evaluating alcohol consumption guidelines, which recommend that men consume no more than two drinks a day and, for women, no more than one. In 2020 a federal committee proposed lowering the recommendations for men in line with the women's guideline, but it wasn't ultimately adopted.

Newer guidelines from others suggest being even more conservative than that. After assessing a wide range of studies, an influential group of Canadian researchers last year looked at how the risk of dying from anything alcohol-related—including cancer, heart disease and accidents—changes depending on how heavily people drink. They deemed the risks with two drinks or less a week to be low; three to six drinks as moderate; and seven or more “increasingly high.” 

“At seven standard drinks per week [the risk] goes up much steeper, rises exponentially,” says Dr. Peter Butt, a clinical associate professor at the University of Saskatchewan and co-chair of the committee that developed the Canada group's 2023 guidance on alcohol and health.

Canada and the U.S. define a standard drink as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of spirits, which are equivalent to typical servings.

When it comes to things you can do to lower your individual risk of developing cancer, cutting alcohol is high on the list. A new study in the American Cancer Society's journal looked at so-called modifiable cancer risks, or ones that you can influence through behavior changes. It found that alcohol is the third strongest risk factor for women, behind cigarettes and excess body weight. It was the fourth strongest for men, after cigarettes, UV radiation and excess weight.

The study, which analyzed data from 2019, found that alcohol consumption resulted in about 24,400 cancer deaths and nearly 97,000 cases in the U.S. About 13% of colorectal cancer cases were linked to alcohol intake as were 16% of female breast-cancer cases.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How Much Alcohol Can You Drink a Week and Still Be Healthy?

From: The Wall Street Journal

How much drinking is bad for you?

喝多少酒会有害健康？

Though more people are calling themselves sober-curious or are trying zero-proof replacements for alcohol, drinking is a regular part of social life for most of us. A coupe of champagne can add fun to a celebration. A cocktail can take the edge off a tough day. And a cold beer can liven up a sports game.

尽管越来越多的人声称自己是会喝酒但不依赖酒精的“清醒好奇(sober-curious)”人士或者正在努力寻求不含酒精的酒类替代品，但对我们大多数人来说，饮酒已成为社交生活的常规组成部分。几杯香槟酒可以为庆祝活动增添欢乐。一杯鸡尾酒可以缓解一天的辛劳。一杯冰啤酒可以活跃体育比赛的气氛。

Sober-curious：指那些对减少或停止饮酒感兴趣但未完全戒酒的人群。他们可能出于健康、生活方式或心理原因而有意减少饮酒，但不一定完全戒酒。

Zero-proof：指不含酒精的饮品，常作为酒精饮料的替代品。这些饮品可能包括无酒精啤酒、无酒精鸡尾酒等，旨在提供与饮酒类似的社交体验但不含酒精。

在这里，coupe是一种酒杯的类型，通常指宽口浅底的香槟杯（也称为 coupe glass），这种杯子最早用于盛放香槟，也被用来装鸡尾酒。它与长颈窄口的香槟笛杯不同，更注重外形优雅和复古风格，非常适合庆祝场合使用。

champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/ 作名词，表示“香槟酒”，英文解释为“an expensive white or pink fizzy (= with bubbles) wine made in the Champagne area of Eastern France, or, more generally, any similar wine. Champagne is often drunk to celebrate something”

cocktail表示“鸡尾酒”，英文解释为“a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more spirits (= strong alcoholic drinks) and fruit juice. It can also be made without alcohol.”；

🍸cocktail真的就是cock，公鸡，雄鸡（an adult male chicken）+tail，尾，尾巴（the part that sticks out and can be moved at the back of the body of a bird, an animal or a fish）

take the edge off sth 表示“减弱，削弱（不良事物的影响）”，英文解释为“to make something unpleasant have less of an effect on someone”举个🌰：Have an apple - it'll take the edge off your hunger. 吃个苹果吧——可以充充饥。

liven (sth) up 表示“（给…）增色，（为…）添彩；（使）欢快起来”，英文解释为“to become more interesting and exciting, or to make something become like this”举个🌰：A new coat of paint would liven the kitchen up. 新刷一层漆会使厨房鲜亮起来。

liven (sb) up 表示“（使）（某人）振作起来；（使）（某人）快乐起来”，英文解释为“to become more energetic or in a better mood, or to make someone feel this way”举个🌰：She was subdued to start with, but after a while she livened up. 刚开始的时候她有点儿沉默，但过了一阵就活跃起来了。

Yet scientists' warnings about the potential health problems of even small amounts of alcohol are growing more dire. For moderate drinkers, it can be hard to know what's actually OK to consume: Is two a day that much worse than one? Are two drinks over a week the same as two in a day? 

然而，即使是少量饮酒也可能带来潜在的健康问题，科学家们对此发出了越来越严厉的警告。对于适度饮酒的人士来说，实际上可能很难判定喝多少酒是没问题的：每天喝两杯比喝一杯更糟糕吗？一周喝两杯和一天喝两杯是一样的吗？

dire /daɪər/ 表示“严重的；危急的；极端的”，英文解释为“very serious or extreme”，如：living in dire poverty 生活赤贫，dire warnings/threats 严重的警告/威胁，举个🌰：These people are in dire need of help. 这些人急需援助。

📍这个词来自拉丁语“dirus”，意味着“可怕的”。用来形容“极其严重的”或“可怕的”情况。想象一个国家急需食物和医疗用品的情况。近义词：grave（严重的），常用短语：dire consequences（严重后果）

Averaging no more than about one drink a day is relatively low risk, according to scientists who study alcohol. They warn the risk of cancer rises significantly when you exceed that. Studies have suggested that alcohol contributes to about half a dozen types of cancers, including breast and colorectal, as well as heart and liver disease, among other conditions.

研究酒精的科学家表示，平均每天的饮酒量不超过一杯的话，健康风险相对较低。他们警告说，如果超过这个标准，罹患癌症的风险就会明显上升。研究表明，酒精与大约六种癌症的发生有关联，包括乳腺癌和结直肠癌，还有心脏病和肝病等等。

exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ 表示“超过，超出（数量）；超越（规定的范围）”，英文解释为“to be greater than a number or amount, or to go past an allowed limit”举个🌰：The final cost should not exceed ￥100. 最终的花费不应超出100元。

📍词根“-ceed”表示"走，去"，前缀“ex-”表示"出，超出"。近义词：surpass（超过），同根词：proceed（进行），succeed（成功）

colorectal /kəʊ.ləʊˈrek.təl/ 表示“结肠直肠的”，英文解释为“relating to the colon (= the large bowel) and the (= rectum) (= the last section of the large bowel).”如：colorectal cancer/surgery 结肠直肠癌/手术。

The only way to completely avoid related health problems is to stop drinking alcohol. Plenty of people do cut it out entirely, but for many others, that's a nonstarter.

完全避免相关健康问题的唯一方法是停止饮酒。很多人确实完全放弃了饮酒，但对于另外的很多人来说，这是不可能的事情。

non-starter /ˌnɒnˈstɑː.tər/ 表示“无成功希望的人（或想法、计划）”，英文解释为“an idea, plan, or person with no chance of success”举个🌰：The proposal was a non-starter from the beginning because there was no possibility of funding. 这项提案从一开始就不切实际，因为不可能获得资金支持。

A U.S. federal dietary committee is currently evaluating alcohol consumption guidelines, which recommend that men consume no more than two drinks a day and, for women, no more than one. In 2020 a federal committee proposed lowering the recommendations for men in line with the women's guideline, but it wasn't ultimately adopted.

美国的一个联邦饮食委员会正在评估饮酒指南，该指南建议男性每天的饮酒量不超过两杯，女性不超过一杯。2020年，一个联邦委员会提议将男性建议饮酒量降低至和女性一样，但最终没有被采纳。

recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/ 表示“推荐，介绍；建议”，英文解释为“to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done”举个🌰：I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - it's delicious. 我可以向您推荐蘑菇汁鸡肉——这道菜非常可口。

📍单词“recommend”由词根“-mend”（来自拉丁语“mendare”，表示“赞扬”）和前缀“reco-”（表示强调）组成。

Newer guidelines from others suggest being even more conservative than that. After assessing a wide range of studies, an influential group of Canadian researchers last year looked at how the risk of dying from anything alcohol-related—including cancer, heart disease and accidents—changes depending on how heavily people drink. They deemed the risks with two drinks or less a week to be low; three to six drinks as moderate; and seven or more “increasingly high.” 

其他机构提供的最新指南比上述建议更加保守。在对一系列广泛研究进行评估之后，加拿大一个有影响力的研究小组去年研究了这个课题：死于任何酒精相关因素（包括癌症、心脏病和事故）的风险是如何随着人们饮酒量的变化而变化的。他们认为，每周饮酒不超过两杯的风险较低；每周饮酒三至六杯的风险为中等；每周饮酒达到七杯或以上的风险“越来越高”。该研究小组的委员会制定了该小组在2023年发布的酒精与健康指南。

conservative /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/ 作名词，表示“保守党，保守派”，作形容词，表示“保守的；守旧的”，英文解释为“not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change”如：a conservative society/outlook 保守的社会/观念。

Conservative 表示“（英国）保守党的”，英文解释为“belonging to or supporting the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement in industry”如：the Conservative Party 保守党，Conservative policies 保守党奉行的政策。

deem /diːm/ 表示“认为，视为；觉得”，英文解释为“to consider or judge something in a particular way”举个🌰：The area has now been deemed safe. 该地区现在被认为很安全。

“At seven standard drinks per week [the risk] goes up much steeper, rises exponentially,” says Dr. Peter Butt, a clinical associate professor at the University of Saskatchewan and co-chair of the committee that developed the Canada group's 2023 guidance on alcohol and health.

“每周饮酒七个标准杯，风险会急剧增加，呈指数级上升，”萨斯喀彻温大学(University of Saskatchewan)临床副教授、上述委员会的联席主席彼得·布特(Peter Butt)博士表示。

exponentially /ˌek.spəˈnen.ʃəl.i/ 表示“急剧地，成倍增长”，英文解释为“in a way that becomes quicker and quicker as something that increases becomes larger”举个🌰：He wrote about the risks involved in the world's population increasing exponentially. 他论述了世界人口激增带来的风险。

Canada and the U.S. define a standard drink as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of spirits, which are equivalent to typical servings.

加拿大和美国将一个标准杯定义为12盎司（约355毫升）啤酒、5盎司（约148毫升）红酒或1.5盎司（约44毫升）烈酒，与典型的售卖份量相当。

ounce /aʊns/ 表示“盎司（重量单位）”，英文解释为“a unit of weight equal to approximately 28 grams”举个🌰：There are 16 ounces in one pound. 1磅等于16盎司。

📍1盎司=28.350克

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”

serving /ˈsɜː.vɪŋ/ 作名词，表示“（供一人食用的）一份；一客”，英文解释为“an amount of one type of food that is given to one person”举个🌰：The quantities given in the recipe should be enough for four servings. 食谱上给出的量足够4个人吃。

作形容词，表示“目前任职的；（尤指）现役的”，英文解释为“employed at the present time in a particular organization, especially the armed forces”如：serving and retired military officers 现役和退役的军官。

When it comes to things you can do to lower your individual risk of developing cancer, cutting alcohol is high on the list. A new study in the American Cancer Society's journal looked at so-called modifiable cancer risks, or ones that you can influence through behavior changes. It found that alcohol is the third strongest risk factor for women, behind cigarettes and excess body weight. It was the fourth strongest for men, after cigarettes, UV radiation and excess weight.

当谈到可以采取哪些措施来降低个人患癌风险时，减少饮酒量是最重要的一项。美国癌症协会(American Cancer Society)杂志的一项新研究着眼于所谓的可改变的癌症风险，也就是可以通过行为变化来影响的癌症风险。该研究发现，酒精是女性面临的第三大危险因素，仅次于香烟和超重。对于男性来说，酒精带来的风险排在第四位，仅次于香烟、紫外线辐射和超重。

表示“可修改的”，英文解释为“capable of being modified in form or character or strength”

radiation /ˌreɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（核）辐射”，英文解释为“a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to health”举个🌰：Many servicemen suffered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests. 很多军人在早期的原子弹试爆后患上了辐射病。

The study, which analyzed data from 2019, found that alcohol consumption resulted in about 24,400 cancer deaths and nearly 97,000 cases in the U.S. About 13% of colorectal cancer cases were linked to alcohol intake as were 16% of female breast-cancer cases.

这项研究分析了自2019年以来的数据，发现饮酒在美国导致了大约24,400人死于癌症和将近97,000例癌症病例。大约13%的结直肠癌病例与饮酒有关，16%的女性乳腺癌病例与饮酒有关。

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