美国4天内4机坠毁

近日，美国国内发生多起航空事故，引发热议。

无注释原文：

Disaster happened in 'world's most controlled airspace'

From: BBC

The aviation world is struggling to understand how a deadly mid-air collision between a passenger plane and military helicopter was able to happen in what one expert described as "the most controlled bit of airspace in the world".

A US Army Black Hawk helicopter with a crew of three collided with an American Airlines jet carrying 64 people seconds before the passenger aircraft was due to land at Washington National airport.

Both aircraft were sent careering into the icy Potomac River on Wednesday night.

The exact cause of the crash remains unknown. Officials will release a preliminary report within 30 days, according to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) - which is leading the investigation.

Crews were able to recover flight data recorders - known as the black boxes - from the wreckage on Thursday, according to the BBC's US news partner CBS. The devices can help investigators pinpoint what led up to a crash.

Airspace over the District of Columbia is heavily restricted to protect both national security and the buildings that house core aspects of US government.

Commercial planes are prevented from flying over the Pentagon, the White House and other historic landmarks.

Yet the area sees a lot of air traffic, Aviation attorney Jim Brachle, who has handled numerous litigation matters related to jets and Reagan airport, told the BBC. There is commercial traffic but also private aviation and helicopters that fly around the city, often carrying high-ranking officials and politicians between sensitive locations.

"You got these really narrow pathways in and out and you've got a lot of congestion and extra airplanes, so you're putting a lot of aircraft in a really confined space," he said.

Jeff Guzzetti, a former aircraft accident investigator for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the NTSB, told BBC Newshour that it seems the helicopter was in communication with the control tower before the accident. The air traffic controller pointed out the American Airlines flight to the helicopter, he said.

"The helicopter pilot indicated he had the airplane in sight and was going to visually separate from it – and then the accident happened shortly thereafter - so there's going to be a lot of questions about exactly what did the helicopter pilot see?" Mr Guzzetti said.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Disaster happened in 'world's most controlled airspace'

From: BBC

The aviation world is struggling to understand how a deadly mid-air collision between a passenger plane and military helicopter was able to happen in what one expert described as "the most controlled bit of airspace in the world".

航空业界正在努力理解为何一架客机与一架军用直升机会在半空中发生致命的相撞事故。一位专家形容，那是“全球控制最严的空域”。

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“航空（学）；飞行（术）；航空工业”，英文解释为“the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition”如：the British Civil Aviation Authority 英国民航局。

collision /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/ 1）表示“碰撞，互撞”，英文解释为“an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with force”举个🌰：There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway. 在高速公路南向路段上发生了一起撞车事故。

2）表示“冲突，抵触”，英文解释为“a strong disagreement”举个🌰：There was a collision of interests/opinions. 存在利益冲突/意见不和。

📍be on a collision course 表示“必然导致冲突；势必发生冲突”，英文解释为“If two or more people or groups are on a collision course, they are doing or saying things that are certain to cause a serious disagreement or fight between them.”举个🌰：All attempts at diplomacy have broken down and the two states now appear to be on a collision course. 所有的外交努力都失败了，现在两国发生冲突似乎在所难免。

A US Army Black Hawk helicopter with a crew of three collided with an American Airlines jet carrying 64 people seconds before the passenger aircraft was due to land at Washington National airport.

一架载有三名机组人员的美国陆军黑鹰直升机，与一架载有64名乘客和机组人员的美国航空客机相撞，事发时距离客机原定降落华盛顿里根国家机场的时间仅差数秒。

crew /kruː/ 1）作名词，表示“全体船员；全体机务人员”，英文解释为“The crew of a ship, an aircraft, or a spacecraft is the people who work on and operate it.”举个🌰：The mission for the crew of the space shuttle is essentially over. 航天飞机全体机务人员的使命基本完成。

2）作名词，表示“一组工作人员”，英文解释为“A crew is a group of people with special technical skills who work together on a task or project.”如：a two-man film crew making a documentary 一个制作纪录片的两人摄制组。

3）作动词，表示“当船员；充当…的船员；当（尤指船上的）工作人员；当空乘人员”，英文解释为“If you crew a boat, you work on it as part of the crew.”举个🌰：This neighbour crewed on a ferryboat. 这位邻居在一艘渡船上当船员。

collide /kəˈlaɪd/ 表示“碰撞，相撞”，英文解释为“to hit something or someone that is moving in a different direction from you”举个🌰：Two trains collided head-on (= when they were moving directly towards each other ) . 两辆火车迎头相撞。

collide除了指物理上的碰撞，也可以表示“（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”举个🌰：Istanbul is the place where East and West collide. 伊斯坦布尔是东西方文化交会的地方。

collide还有“（目标、观点或利益等）相抵触；相冲突”的意思，英文解释为“If the aims, opinions, or interests of one person or group collide with those of another person or group, they are very different from each other and are therefore opposed.”举个🌰：The aims of the negotiators in New York again seem likely to collide with the aims of the warriors in the field. 纽约谈判者的目标看起来可能再次与战场上勇士们的目标相冲突。

和collide类似的表达有：

📍crash表示“使…撞毁; 撞毁（撞车，坠机）”，英文解释为“If a moving vehicle crashes or if the driver crashes it, it hits something and is damaged or destroyed.”举个🌰：Her car crashed into the rear of a van. 她的汽车撞毁了一辆面包车的尾部。

crash还表示“（发出巨响）猛撞，猛击”，英文解释为“to hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise”举个🌰：We watched the waves crashing against the rocks. 我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。

📍smash表示“（使）猛撞，猛击，猛掷”，英文解释为“to hit an object or surface violently, or to make something do this”举个🌰：A stolen car smashed into the bus. 一辆被偷的汽车猛地撞上了公共汽车。The bottle smashed against a wall. 那瓶子撞到了一面墙上。

smash还表示“打碎; 破碎”，英文解释为“If you smash something or if it smashes, it breaks into many pieces, for example, when it is hit or dropped.”举个🌰：Someone smashed a bottle. 有人打碎了一个瓶子。

Both aircraft were sent careering into the icy Potomac River on Wednesday night.

周三（1月29日）晚上，两架飞机相撞后坠毁于冰冷的波托马克河（Potomac River）。

career /kəˈrɪər/ 作动词，熟词僻义，表示“（尤指车辆失控地）猛冲，飞奔”，英文解释为“(especially of a vehicle) to move fast and in a way that is out of control”举个🌰：The coach careered down a slope and collided with a bank. 长途汽车冲下山坡，撞到了土埂上。

The exact cause of the crash remains unknown. Officials will release a preliminary report within 30 days, according to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) - which is leading the investigation.

确切的事故原因仍不清楚。负责调查的美国国家运输安全委员会指出，官员将在30天内发表初步报告。

preliminary表示“预备性的；初步的；开始的”，英文解释为“happening before a more important action or event”如：preliminary results/findings/enquiries 初步结果/发现/调查，举个🌰：After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners. 说了几句开场白之后，他即宣布优胜者名单。

Crews were able to recover flight data recorders - known as the black boxes - from the wreckage on Thursday, according to the BBC's US news partner CBS. The devices can help investigators pinpoint what led up to a crash.

据BBC的美国新闻合作夥伴哥伦比亚广播公司（CBS）报导，搜救人员已于周四从残骸中寻获俗称“黑盒子”的飞行数据记录器。这些设备将有助于调查人员确定事故原因。

wreckage /ˈrek.ɪdʒ/ 1）表示“严重受损的东西；残骸”，英文解释为“a badly damaged object or the separated parts of a badly damaged object”举个🌰：The wreckage of the car was scattered over the roadside. 那辆汽车的残骸散落在路旁。

2）表示“剩余物；残存物”，英文解释为“what is left of something that has been spoiled or that has failed”举个🌰：Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage. 凯特仍然执着于她那破碎的婚姻，不想放手。

pinpoint /ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/ 作动词，表示“查明，准确地说出，描述（事实真相）”，英文解释为“to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem”举个🌰：It's difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident. 事故原因很难查明。

作形容词，表示“确切的，精确的”，英文解释为“very exact”举个🌰：The computer will calculate your position with pinpoint accuracy. 计算机能够精确地计算出你的位置。

Airspace over the District of Columbia is heavily restricted to protect both national security and the buildings that house core aspects of US government.

华盛顿特区上空的空域受到严格限制，以保护国家安全以及美国政府核心机构的建筑。

表示“是（某物）的贮藏处（或安置处）；收藏；安置；为…提供住处，收容；为…提供空间”，英文解释为“to be the place where sth is kept or where sth operates from”举个🌰：The gallery houses 100 works of modern art. 美术馆收藏了100件现代艺术作品。

Commercial planes are prevented from flying over the Pentagon, the White House and other historic landmarks.

商业航班不得飞越五角大楼、白宫及其他历史性地标。

the Pentagon /ˈpen.tə.ɡən/ 表示“美国五角大楼，美国国防部”，英文解释为“the building in Washington where the US Defense Department is based, or the US Defense Department itself”举个🌰：The Pentagon is aiming to cut US forces by over 25 percent in the next five years. 美国国防部计划在接下来的五年内裁军25%以上。

Yet the area sees a lot of air traffic, Aviation attorney Jim Brachle, who has handled numerous litigation matters related to jets and Reagan airport, told the BBC. There is commercial traffic but also private aviation and helicopters that fly around the city, often carrying high-ranking officials and politicians between sensitive locations.

然而，该空域仍然拥有大量的空中交通。曾处理多宗与喷射机及雷根机场相关诉讼的航空律师吉姆·布拉克尔（Jim Brachle）向BBC表示，该区域不仅有商业航班，还有私人飞机与直升机频繁穿梭，这些航机通常用作接载高级官员及政界人士往返敏感地点。

litigation /ˌlɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“诉讼，起诉”，英文解释为“the process of taking a case to a court of law so that a judgment can be made”举个🌰：The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of lengthy litigation. 公司一直在推卸责任，但同意这一调解方案以避免漫长的诉讼所带来的花费。

"You got these really narrow pathways in and out and you've got a lot of congestion and extra airplanes, so you're putting a lot of aircraft in a really confined space," he said.

“这里的进出航线非常狭窄，拥挤的情况严重，飞机数量过多，所以很多飞机都挤在了狭小的空间里。”他说。

congestion /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/ 表示“拥挤，阻塞”，英文解释为“a situation in which a place is too blocked or crowded, causing difficulties”举个🌰：These facilities are designed to ease the congestion of emergency rooms. 这些设施旨在缓解急诊室的拥挤状况。

confine /kənˈfaɪn/ 表示“把…局限在，限制”，英文解释为“to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way”举个🌰：Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! 请把讨论集中在正题上！

confined表示“受限制的；狭窄而围起来的”。

Jeff Guzzetti, a former aircraft accident investigator for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the NTSB, told BBC Newshour that it seems the helicopter was in communication with the control tower before the accident. The air traffic controller pointed out the American Airlines flight to the helicopter, he said.

前美国联邦航空管理局、国家运输安全委员会的航空事故调查员杰夫·古泽蒂（Jeff Guzzetti）对BBC表示，事发之前，直升机似乎正与管制塔台保持通讯。他指出，航空管制员曾指出美国航空客机正飞向直升机。

"The helicopter pilot indicated he had the airplane in sight and was going to visually separate from it – and then the accident happened shortly thereafter - so there's going to be a lot of questions about exactly what did the helicopter pilot see?" Mr Guzzetti said.

“直升机飞行员回应称，他已看到客机，并将以目视方式与其保持距离，然而不久之后事故便发生了。因此，有很多问题是关于直升机飞行员当时到底看到了什么？”古泽蒂表示。

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