骑车通勤又多了个好处！

骑行、走路、坐车还是乘坐公共交通？最新研究发现，每天骑行通勤的人能有效降低请病假的风险。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. In the context of the article, the term “active commuting” most nearly means:

A. Traveling by any non-motorized means, such as walking or cycling.

B. Commuting by public transport.

C. A sedentary approach to daily travel.

D. Relying on ridesharing services for daily commute.

无注释原文：

People Who Cycle to Work Take Fewer Sick Days. But Why?

From: Science Alert

Here's one more reason to think about cycling to work: a new study has found people who commute by bicycle tend to have fewer days off sick and a reduced risk of long-term absences due to illness.

The study, led by a team from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, analyzed self-reported data from 28,485 local government workers across the course of a year, with most of the participants followed up for a second year too.

Compared to passive commuting – by car or by public transport – cycling 61 kilometers (38 miles) or more per week was linked to 8-12 percent less risk of taking days off ill and 18 percent lower chance of being absent for at least 10 days due to sickness. On average, the most active commuters had 4.5 fewer sick days than passive commuters, and one fewer long sickness period per decade.

"There is already research evidence on the health and environmental benefits of active commuting, but its connection to the risk of long sickness absences, for example, has not been studied at all before," says Essi Kalliolahti, a public health scientist from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.

While the researchers did account for other potential factors influencing the sickness stats – including sex, age, alcohol intake, and socio-economic status – the data doesn't show a direct cause and effect between biking and illness, only a strong association.

The findings match those of previous studies on commuting by bicycle, though the exact reason behind the relationship remains speculative. Staying active is one of the best ways to stay healthy, so it's arguable that those who keep fit are at less risk of many common conditions. On the other hand, health conditions that increase the chances of needing time off might also make a daily cycle to work harder for some.

The researchers also found cycling to be better than walking for reducing sick days, though again the differences only appeared for those who traveled the furthest by bike. It's possible that walking doesn't quite get the body working hard enough, or that people with a long cycling commute to work have some other advantage that means they're sick less often.

"In addition to the typically lower weekly number of active kilometers among walkers, the intensity of walking may be insufficient," the researchers write, suggesting walking at a higher pace could be more important than the frequency of the walks.

Cycling won't be an option for everyone – and can be stressful in urban areas – but it can mean you turn up for work more often, while also helping to reduce emissions from other forms of commuting.

"Knowing that only half of the adult population exercises according to the recommendations, commuting on foot or by bike can be a useful way to increase health-promoting exercise," says Jenni Ervasti, an epidemiologist from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

People Who Cycle to Work Take Fewer Sick Days. But Why?

From: Science Alert

Here's one more reason to think about cycling to work: a new study has found people who commute by bicycle tend to have fewer days off sick and a reduced risk of long-term absences due to illness.

骑自行车上班又多了一个新理由：一项新研究发现，骑自行车上下班的人请病假的天数往往更少，且因病长期缺勤的风险也更低。

commute /kəˈmjuːt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“上下班往返；往返于工作地点与家之间；通勤”，英文解释为“a regular journey between work and home”举个🌰：It's at least an hour's commute to work. 上班路上至少要花1个小时。

absence /ˈæb.səns/ 表示“缺席；缺勤；不在场”，英文解释为“the fact of not being where you are usually expected to be”举个🌰：during someone's absence A new manager was appointed during her absence. 她不在的时候任命了一位新经理。

The study, led by a team from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, analyzed self-reported data from 28,485 local government workers across the course of a year, with most of the participants followed up for a second year too.

这项研究由芬兰职业健康研究所（Finnish Institute of Occupational Health）的团队主导，分析了28485名当地政府工作人员在一年时间里的自我报告数据，并对大多数参与者进行了第二年的跟踪调查。

occupational /ˌɒk.jəˈpeɪ.ʃən.əl/ 表示“职业的，工作的；由职业引起的”，英文解释为“relating to or caused by your job”举个🌰：Back problems are an occupational hazard (= a risk that you take in a job) for any desk-bound office worker. 在办公室伏案工作的人容易患背部疾病。

Compared to passive commuting – by car or by public transport – cycling 61 kilometers (38 miles) or more per week was linked to 8-12 percent less risk of taking days off ill and 18 percent lower chance of being absent for at least 10 days due to sickness. On average, the most active commuters had 4.5 fewer sick days than passive commuters, and one fewer long sickness period per decade.

与“被动通勤”（乘车或乘坐公共交通工具）相比，每周骑行61公里（38英里）或更长距离的人请病假的风险降低了8%至12%，因病缺勤超过10天长期病假的几率降低了18%。平均而言，骑车最活跃的通勤者比被动通勤者少请病假4.5天，每十年少请一次长期病假。

"There is already research evidence on the health and environmental benefits of active commuting, but its connection to the risk of long sickness absences, for example, has not been studied at all before," says Essi Kalliolahti, a public health scientist from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.

芬兰职业健康研究所公共卫生科学家埃西·卡利奥拉蒂（Essi Kalliolahti）说：“已经有研究证据表明，“主动通勤”对健康和环境有益，但其与长期病假风险的关系从未被研究过。”

While the researchers did account for other potential factors influencing the sickness stats – including sex, age, alcohol intake, and socio-economic status – the data doesn't show a direct cause and effect between biking and illness, only a strong association.

虽然研究人员考虑了影响疾病统计的其他潜在因素，包括性别、年龄、酒精摄入量和社会经济地位，但数据并未显示骑自行车与疾病之间存在直接因果关系，只是存在很强的关联性。

stat /stæt/ 通常复数stats，表示“统计数字，统计信息”，英文解释为“information based on a study of the number of times something happens or is present, or other facts relating to numbers”举个🌰：The stats show that she's the greatest women's tennis player in history. 统计数字显示，她是历史上最伟大的女子网球选手。

The findings match those of previous studies on commuting by bicycle, though the exact reason behind the relationship remains speculative. Staying active is one of the best ways to stay healthy, so it's arguable that those who keep fit are at less risk of many common conditions. On the other hand, health conditions that increase the chances of needing time off might also make a daily cycle to work harder for some.

尽管这种关联性背后的确切原因仍有待推测，但该研究结果与之前关于骑自行车通勤的研究结果相吻合。保持运动是维持健康的最佳方式之一，因此可以说，保持健康的人患许多常见疾病的风险较低。另一方面，健康状况欠佳者可能本就难以坚持骑行通勤。

speculative /ˈspek.jə.lə.tɪv/ 表示“猜测的；推测的，推断的”，英文解释为“based on a guess and not on information”举个🌰：The article was dismissed as highly speculative. 该文被斥为纯属臆测。

it is arguable that...表示“有理由说…”，英文解释为“it is possibly true that”举个🌰：It is arguable that the company has failed in this respect. 有理由说公司在这个方面失职了。

The researchers also found cycling to be better than walking for reducing sick days, though again the differences only appeared for those who traveled the furthest by bike. It's possible that walking doesn't quite get the body working hard enough, or that people with a long cycling commute to work have some other advantage that means they're sick less often.

研究人员还发现，骑自行车比步行更能减少病假天数，但这种差异仅出现在骑行距离较远的人群中。这有可能是步行运动强度不足，也有可能是长期骑行通勤的人有其他优势，使得他们生病的次数更少。

"In addition to the typically lower weekly number of active kilometers among walkers, the intensity of walking may be insufficient," the researchers write, suggesting walking at a higher pace could be more important than the frequency of the walks.

“除了步行者每周通勤公里数通常较低外，步行强度可能也不足，”研究人员写道，并指出提高步行速度可能比增加步行频率更重要。

intensity /ɪnˈten.sə.ti/ 1）表示“强烈；剧烈”，英文解释为“the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect”举个🌰：The explosion was of such intensity that it was heard five miles away. 爆炸的巨响5英里以外都能听见。

2）表示“（感情或看法的）强烈；认真；全情投入”，英文解释为“the quality of being very serious and having strong emotions or opinions”举个🌰：The intensity of their relationship was causing problems. 他们关系中所牵涉的感情强烈得引发了问题。

Cycling won't be an option for everyone – and can be stressful in urban areas – but it can mean you turn up for work more often, while also helping to reduce emissions from other forms of commuting.

骑行并不适合所有人——在城市骑行可能会给人带来压力——但它不仅能让你更少请病假，同时也有助于减少其他通勤方式产生的废气排放。

option /ˈɒp.ʃən/ 1）表示“选择，选项；选择权”，英文解释为“one thing that can be chosen from a set of possibilities, or the freedom to make a choice”举个🌰：The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether. 最好的选择是彻底取消这次行程。

2）表示“期权；未来购买权”，英文解释为“the right to buy something in the future”如：a share/stock option 股票期权。

turn up (somewhere) 表示“到达，来到；突然出现；不期而至”，英文解释为“to arrive or appear somewhere, usually unexpectedly or in a way that was not planned”举个🌰：Do you think many people will turn up? 你觉得会有很多人来吗？

"Knowing that only half of the adult population exercises according to the recommendations, commuting on foot or by bike can be a useful way to increase health-promoting exercise," says Jenni Ervasti, an epidemiologist from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.

芬兰职业健康研究所流行病学家詹妮·埃尔瓦斯蒂（Jenni Ervasti）说：“要知道，只有半数成年人达到了建议运动量，步行或骑行通勤是增加日常运动量的有效方式。”

epidemiologist /ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ 表示“流行病学家”，英文解释为“Epidemiologists are scientists who study diseases within populations of people. In essence, these public health professionals analyze what causes disease outbreaks in order to treat existing diseases and prevent future outbreaks.”

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