英语被指定为美国官方语言
LearnAndRecord约 10 分钟近日，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）将签署一项行政命令，将英语确定为美国官方语言。
🤔️小作业：
1. Which previous policy does Trump's executive order directly rescind?
A. A mandate requiring bilingual education in public schools.
B. A policy requiring government agencies and federally funded organizations to provide language assistance to non-English speakers.
C. A regulation that limited federal funding to monolingual organizations.
D. A rule that promoted the use of multiple languages on official websites.
无注释原文：
Trump signs executive order designating English as official language of US
From: The Guardian
President Donald Trump has signed an executive order designating English as the official language of the United States.
The order on Saturday allows government agencies and organisations that receive federal funding to choose whether to continue to offer documents and services in languages other than English.
It rescinds a mandate from former president Bill Clinton that required the government and organisations that received federal funding to provide language assistance to non-English speakers.
“Establishing English as the official language will not only streamline communication but also reinforce shared national values, and create a more cohesive and efficient society,” according to the order.
“In welcoming new Americans, a policy of encouraging the learning and adoption of our national language will make the United States a shared home and empower new citizens to achieve the American dream,” the order also states. “Speaking English not only opens doors economically, but it helps newcomers engage in their communities, participate in national traditions, and give back to our society.”
More than 30 states have already passed laws designating English as their official language, according to US English, a group that advocates for making English the country's official language.
For decades, lawmakers in Congress have introduced legislation to designate English as the official language of the US, but those efforts have not succeeded.
Within hours of Trump's inauguration last month, the new administration took down the Spanish-language version of the official White House website.
Hispanic advocacy groups and others expressed confusion and frustration at the change. The White House said at the time it was committed to bringing the Spanish-language version of the website back online. As of Saturday, it was still not restored.
The White House did not immediately respond to a message about whether that would happen.
Trump shut down the Spanish version of the website during his first term. It was restored when president Joe Biden was inaugurated in 2021.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Trump signs executive order designating English as official language of US
From: The Guardian
President Donald Trump has signed an executive order designating English as the official language of the United States.
唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）总统签署了一项行政命令（Executive Order），指定英语为美国官方语言。
executive order
表示“行政命令；总统令”，英文解释为“in the US, an official instruction given by the president or by a state's governor”
designate
designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ 1）表示“命名；指定，划定（特征、用途）”，英文解释为“When you designate someone or something as a particular thing, you formally give them that description or name.”举个🌰：There are efforts under way to designate the bridge (as) a historic landmark. 人们在努力把这座桥定为历史地标。
2）表示“指定，选定；委派”，英文解释为“When you designate someone as something, you formally choose them to do that particular job.”举个🌰：Designate someone as the spokesperson. 指派某人为发言人。
📍designated作形容词，表示“指定的；特指的，划定的”。📍类似的有个词dedicated，表示“专用的，专门的”（designed to be used for one particular purpose）举个🌰：Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes. 这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。
The order on Saturday allows government agencies and organisations that receive federal funding to choose whether to continue to offer documents and services in languages other than English.
周六的这项行政命令允许政府机关和接受联邦资助的组织选择是否继续提供英语以外其他语言的文件和服务。
It rescinds a mandate from former president Bill Clinton that required the government and organisations that received federal funding to provide language assistance to non-English speakers.
此举废除了前总统比尔·克林顿（Bill Clinton）时期的政策——原政策要求政府机关和接受联邦资助的组织为非英语人士提供语言支持服务。
rescind
rescind /rɪˈsɪnd/ 表示“废除；取消；撤销”，英文解释为“to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement”举个🌰：He does not have the authority to rescind the ruling. 他无权撤销这项裁决。
🎬电影《邻居大战》（Neighbors）中的台词提到：I'm sorry. I rescind the complaint. 很抱歉，我撤销投诉。
mandate
mandate /ˈmæn.deɪt/ 表示“命令；要求；强制执行；授权”，英文解释为“to order someone to do something”举个🌰：Our delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference. 我们的代表受命在会议上对提议投反对票。
“Establishing English as the official language will not only streamline communication but also reinforce shared national values, and create a more cohesive and efficient society,” according to the order.
根据该命令，“将英语确立为官方语言不仅能简化沟通，还能强化共同的国家价值观，并创造一个更具凝聚力和更高效的社会”。
streamline
streamline /ˈstriːm.laɪn/ 表示“（常通过简化办事程序）使（机构）效率更高；简化”，英文解释为“to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler”举个🌰：The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company. 削减开支的措施包括简化公司的行政管理程序。
reinforce
reinforce /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ 1）表示“加强；充实；使更强烈；进一步证实（观点、看法等）”，英文解释为“to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger”举个🌰：Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
2）表示“加固；使更结实”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it”举个🌰：All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes. 所有建筑现都已加固，以抗地震。
cohesive
cohesive /kəʊˈhiː.sɪv/ 表示“有凝聚力的；团结的”，英文解释为“united and working together effectively”如：a cohesive group 有凝聚力的团体，cohesive forces 凝聚力。
“In welcoming new Americans, a policy of encouraging the learning and adoption of our national language will make the United States a shared home and empower new citizens to achieve the American dream,” the order also states. “Speaking English not only opens doors economically, but it helps newcomers engage in their communities, participate in national traditions, and give back to our society.”
该命令还指出：“鼓励新移民学习使用国家通用语言，将使美国成为一个共同家园，助力新公民实现美国梦。掌握英语不仅能打开经济机遇之门，更能帮助新移民融入社区生活、参与国家事务并为社会贡献力量。”
empower
empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ 表示“给（某人）做…的权力；授权；使自主；增加（某人的）自主权；使控制局势”，英文解query释为“to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something”举个🌰：This amendment empowers the president to declare an emergency for a wide range of reasons. 这一修正案授权总统可在一系列情形下宣布进入紧急状态。
empowered /ɪmˈpaʊ.əd/ 形容词，表示“自信的，可掌控自己命运的”，英文解释为“confident and in control of your life”举个🌰：It's important that girls feel empowered and in control of what happens to them. 重要的是，女孩子要感到自己有能力并能控制自己的命运。
More than 30 states have already passed laws designating English as their official language, according to US English, a group that advocates for making English the country's official language.
据倡导将英语定为美国官方语言的团体美国英语协会（US English）称，目前已有30多个州通过立法确立英语为其官方语言。
advocate
1）表示“拥护者；支持者；提倡者；主张人”，英文解释为“An advocate of a particular action or plan is someone who recommends it publicly.”如：an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者。
2）表示“为 (某团体) 谋利益者”，英文解释为“An advocate for a particular group is a person who works for the interests of that group.”如：advocates for the homeless 为无家可归者谋利益的人。
3）表示“辩护律师”，英文解释为“An advocate is a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends them in a court of law.”
For decades, lawmakers in Congress have introduced legislation to designate English as the official language of the US, but those efforts have not succeeded.
几十年来，美国国会立法者们一直提出立法将英语定为美国官方语言，但相关提案始终未能通过。
legislation
legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。
Within hours of Trump's inauguration last month, the new administration took down the Spanish-language version of the official White House website.
在特朗普上个月就职后的几个小时内，特朗普政府即撤下了白宫官网西班牙语版本。
inauguration
inauguration /ɪˌnɔː.ɡjəˈreɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“就职典礼”，英文解释为“An inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event.”
2）表示“正式启用”，英文解释为“the act of something officially starting to be used”举个🌰：In 1900 Paris saw the inauguration of the Metro. 1900年，巴黎迎来了地铁的开通。
3）表示“（新时代的）开创；（新风尚、新活动等的）开始”，英文解释为“the beginning of a new period, style, or activity”举个🌰：It was the inauguration of a new era in American life. 这是美国生活新时代的开始。
📍形容词性：inaugural表示“就职的，就任的（演讲）”（An inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job.）另外，inaugural也有“首次的，初始的”的含义（An inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events.）
Hispanic advocacy groups and others expressed confusion and frustration at the change. The White House said at the time it was committed to bringing the Spanish-language version of the website back online. As of Saturday, it was still not restored.
包括西裔权益组织在内的团体对这一变化表示困惑和不满。白宫当时表示，将尽快恢复西班牙语版网站。截至周六，西班牙语版仍未恢复。
hispanic
Hispanic /hɪˈspæn.ɪk/ 表示“西班牙（人）的；西班牙语言（文化）的；（尤指拉丁美洲）西班牙语国家的”，英文解释为“connected with Spain or Spanish-speaking countries, especially those countries in Latin America”
The White House did not immediately respond to a message about whether that would happen.
白宫没有立即回应是否会恢复。
Trump shut down the Spanish version of the website during his first term. It was restored when president Joe Biden was inaugurated in 2021.
特朗普首个总统任期内关闭了白宫官网西班牙语版。2021年乔·拜登（Joe Biden）总统就职后，该网站才得以恢复。
inaugurate
inaugurate /ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪt/ 作动词，1）表示“使正式就职，为…举行就职典礼”，英文解释为“to put someone into an official position with a ceremony”举个🌰：American presidents are always inaugurated on 20 January. 美国总统总是在1月20日正式就职。
2）表示“（正式）启用，启动”，英文解释为“to put something into use or action officially”举个🌰：The European Community inaugurated the Single European Market in 1993. 欧洲共同体于1993年正式启动欧洲单一市场。
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