「Part 2」2025政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
LearnAndRecord约 15 分钟此报告以本次大会最后审议通过并由新华社公布的文本为准。The official version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.
“进”的步伐坚实有力。主要表现在，
Strong and solid progress was achieved, as shown in the following areas:
注：
“进”的步伐坚实有力（取得坚实有力的进步）
achieve strong and solid progress
「类似表述对比」
2025年报告Part 1：“稳”的态势巩固延续。主要表现在，Stable performance was consolidated and sustained, as demonstrated in the following areas:
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产业升级有新进展，粮食产量首次跃上1.4万亿斤新台阶、亩产提升10.1斤；
· New advancements in industrial upgrading: Grain output hit a new high of 700 million metric tons, with the yield per hectare rising by 75.75 kilograms.
注：
产业升级
industrial upgrading
粮食产量
grain output
📍grain作名词，表示“粮食，颗粒，谷物”，英文解释为“the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat , rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plant”
📍metric ton表示“公吨，米制吨（=1,000 公斤）”，英文解释为“a unit for measuring weight, equal to 1,000 kilograms”
📍单位换算：1公吨 = 1000公斤，1斤 = 0.5公斤，1.4万亿斤 = 1400,000,000,000斤 = 700,000,000,000公斤 = 700,000,000公吨（metric tons）= 700 million metric tons
📍hectare /ˈhek.teər/ 表示“公顷”，英文解释为“a unit of measurement of an area of land (10,000 m2)”
📍单位换算：1公顷=15亩；1亩提升10.1斤即15亩提升151.5斤，1公顷提升151.5斤，1公顷提升75.75千克 the yield per hectare rising by 75.75 kilograms
高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值分别增长8.9%、7.7%，新能源汽车年产量突破1300万辆；
The value added of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing rose by 8.9 percent and 7.7 percent respectively, and the output of new-energy vehicles passed the 13 million mark.
注：
高技术制造业
high-tech manufacturing
装备制造业
equipment manufacturing
新能源汽车
new-energy vehicles
📍“Value added” 是经济学中的标准表达，专指某一行业或部门在生产过程中创造的附加价值，即总产值减去中间投入后的增值部分。例如：Gross value added (GVA)——“国内生产总值（GDP）”的一个组成部分。Value-added tax (VAT)——“增值税”。与之相比，“added value”可能更容易被误解为“额外的价值”或“附加值”，它在商业语境中更常见，如“added value services”（增值服务），但不适用于描述行业的生产总值增长。
❌The added value of the manufacturing sector increased by 5%.（语义模糊，可能被理解为制造业提供了额外的价值，而非统计意义上的增长。）
总之，在经济统计领域，“value added” 是固定术语，表示行业或经济部门的“增加值”，而“added value” 更适用于描述增值服务或额外价值，不能直接替代。
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告Part 3：高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值年均分别增长10.6%、7.9%，The value-added of high-tech manufacturing and of equipment manufacturing increased by an annual average of 10.6 percent and 7.9 percent respectively. 新产业新业态新模式增加值占国内生产总值的比重达到17%以上。The value-added of new industries and new business forms and models accounted for over 17 percent of GDP.
2022年Part 1：高技术制造业增加值增长18.2%，Value-added of the high-tech manufacturing sector grew by 18.2 percent,
信息传输软件和信息技术服务业、租赁和商务服务业增加值分别增长10.9%、10.4%。
The value added increased by 10.9 percent in the sectors of information transmission, software, and IT services and by 10.4 percent in leasing and business services.
注：
信息传输、软件、信息技术服务业
the sectors of information transmission, software, and IT services
租赁和商务服务业
leasing and business services
创新能力有新提升，集成电路、人工智能、量子科技等领域取得新成果；
· Further enhancements in innovation capacity: New achievements were made in integrated circuits, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technology, and other areas.
注：
创新能力
innovation capacity
集成电路
integrated circuits
人工智能
artificial intelligence (AI)
量子科技
quantum technology
“嫦娥六号”实现人类首次月球背面采样返回，“梦想”号大洋钻探船建成入列；
The Chang'e-6 mission completed humanity's first-ever sample collection from the far side of the moon, and the Mengxiang ocean drilling vessel was delivered and commissioned.
注：
月球背面
the far side of the moon
“梦想”号大洋钻探船
the Mengxiang ocean drilling vessel
建成入列
deliver and commission
📍commission /kəˈmɪʃ.ən/ 1）作名词，表示“（负责调查问题真相或原因的）委员会”，英文解释为“a group of people who have been formally chosen to discover information about a problem or examine the reasons why the problem exists”如：a commission on alcohol abuse/racial tension 酗酒问题/种族间紧张关系调查委员会。
2）表示“佣金；提成；回扣”，英文解释为“a payment to someone who sells goods that is directly related to the amount sold, or a system that uses such payments”举个🌰：Is she paid a regular wage or is it on/by commission only? 她拿正式工资还是只拿提成？
3）作动词，表示“委任（或任命）…为军官”，英文解释为“to give someone the official authority to be an officer in the armed forces”举个🌰：She was commissioned in 2024. 她于2024年被任命为军官。
4）作动词，表示“（正式地）安排…做，委托…做”，英文解释为“to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone”举个🌰：She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait. 她请了一位艺术家为她画肖像。
5）in commission表示“（机器、军舰等）在使用中的，在服役的”，英文解释为“If something, such as a machine or a military ship, is in commission it is working and ready for use.”这个含义也可以直接将commission当作动词用，相当于to put (a ship) in commission. 举个🌰：The ship was commissioned in 2025. 该舰于2025年服役。
6）out of commission 表示“（机器、军舰等）坏了的，不可使用的，退役的”，英文解释为“If something, such as a machine or a military ship, is out of commission it is broken or not available to be used.”
技术合同成交额增长11.2%。
The value of technology contract transactions increased by 11.2 percent.
注：
技术合同成交额
the value of technology contract transactions
「类似表述对比」
2024年报告Part 1：技术合同成交额增长28.6%。The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by 28.6 percent.
2019年报告Part 4：技术合同成交额增长30%以上。The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by over 30 percent.
生态环境质量有新改善，地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降2.7%，优良天数比例上升至87.2%，
· New improvements in the environment: In cities at and above the prefectural level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) fell by 2.7 percent, and the proportion of days with good or excellent air quality rose to 87.2 percent.
注：
地级及以上城市
cities at and above the prefectural level
细颗粒物（PM2.5）
fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
平均浓度
the average concentration
空气质量优良
good or excellent air quality
「类似表述对比」
2023年报告Part 12：地级及以上城市空气质量优良天数比例达86.5%、上升4个百分点。In cities at and above the prefectural level, air quality was good or excellent on 86.5% of the days over the past five years, a 4-percentage-point increase. 基本消除地级及以上城市黑臭水体，Black malodorous water bodies in cities at and above the prefectural level were generally cleaned up.
2023年报告Part 4：地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度下降27.5%，重污染天数下降超过五成，In cities at and above the prefecture level, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) dropped by 27.5 percent and the number of days with heavy air pollution fell by over 50 percent.
地表水优良水质断面比例提高到90.4%；
The proportion of surface water with a good quality rating reached 90.4 percent.
注：
地表水
surface water
📍“断面”在环境科学和水质监测领域指的是监测断面（monitoring section 或 monitoring site），即设立在河流、湖泊等水体中的监测点，用于定期测量水质指标。“断面比例”本质上是指监测点的比例，但在翻译时，“proportion of surface water”已经隐含了这一概念。如果特别翻译成“The proportion of monitoring sections with good water quality”会显得啰嗦，也不符合英语的流畅表达方式。这里的数据是根据监测断面统计得出的水质比例，但最终想表达的重点是水体质量的整体改善，因此直接说“the proportion of surface water”比强调监测点更加符合传播习惯。
单位国内生产总值能耗降幅超过3%；可再生能源新增装机3.7亿千瓦。
Energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by more than 3 percent, and installed renewable energy capacity grew by 370 million kilowatts.
注：
单位国内生产总值能耗
energy consumption per unit of GDP
可再生能源
renewable energy
可再生能源装机容量
installed renewable energy capacity
📍“可再生能源装机”指的是可再生能源（如风能、太阳能、水能等）发电设备的装机容量，即这些能源类型的发电设备的总装机功率（通常以千瓦kW或兆瓦MW计算）。“新增装机”（newly installed capacity）则指新增投运的发电设备容量，即某一时间段内（如一年）新建并投入运行的可再生能源发电设备的总功率。
改革开放有新突破，扎实有力落实党的二十届二中、三中全会改革部署，机构改革全面完成，构建全国统一大市场、渐进式延迟法定退休年龄等重大改革举措陆续推出；
· New breakthroughs in reform and opening up: We implemented the reform plans adopted at the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee with solid and effective steps, which included completing the reform of government institutions across the board, adopting major reform measures for building a unified national market, and gradually raising the statutory retirement age.
注：
改革开放
reform and opening up
党的二十届二中、三中全会
the second and third plenary sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee
扎实有力
solid and effective
落实改革部署（计划）
implement the reform plans
机构改革
the reform of government institutions
全面
across the board
构建全国统一大市场
build a unified national market
渐进式延迟法定退休年龄
gradually raise the statutory retirement age
📍statutory /ˈstætʃ.ə.tər.i/ 表示“法定的”，英文解释为“decided or controlled by law”如：statutory obligations 法定义务。
制造业领域外资准入限制措施全部取消，共建“一带一路”贸易投资合作不断扩容升级。
All market access restrictions on foreign investment in the manufacturing sector were lifted, and trade and investment cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative was steadily expanded and upgraded.
注：
外资
foreign investment
制造业领域
the manufacturing sector
外资准入限制措施
market access restrictions on foreign investment
“一带一路”
the Belt and Road Initiative
不断扩容升级
steadily expand and upgrade
「类似表述对比」
2024年报告Part 13：全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制措施，放宽电信、医疗等服务业市场准入。All market access restrictions on foreign investment in manufacturing will be abolished, and market access restrictions in services sectors, such as telecommunications and healthcare, will be reduced.
回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。
Our achievements in 2024 did not come easily.
注：
来之不易
not come easily
「类似表述对比」
2019年报告Part 2：回顾过去一年，成绩来之不易。Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.
2018年报告Part 8：我国改革发展成就实属来之不易。The achievements we have made in China's reform and development have certainly not come easily.
外部环境变化带来的不利影响持续加深，国内长期积累的一些深层次结构性矛盾集中显现，
The adverse impact of changes in the international environment increased, and some deep-seated structural problems that had been building up in the country for years came to a head.
注：
不利影响
the adverse impact
深层次结构性矛盾
deep-seated structural problems
集中显现
come to a head
内需不振、预期偏弱等问题交织叠加，局部地区洪涝等自然灾害频发，
Sluggish domestic demand was compounded by weak public expectations along with other issues, and natural disasters like floods occurred frequently in some parts of China.
注：
交织叠加
be compounded
内需
domestic demand
「类似表述对比」
2024年报告Part 2：回顾过去一年，多重困难挑战交织叠加，我国经济波浪式发展、曲折式前进，成绩来之不易。Looking back at 2023, we can see that as we faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges, China's economy grew in a wave-like fashion amid twists and turns. Indeed, our achievements did not come easily.
2017年报告Part 1：过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。In the past year, China's development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.
📍compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ 作名词，1）表示“化合物，复合物，混合物”，英文解释为“a chemical that combines two or more elements”举个🌰：Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 盐是钠和氯的化合物。
2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。
作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。
🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。
作形容词，表示“复合的”，英文解释为“consisting of two or more parts”或者表示“（利息）以复利计算的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a system of paying interest in which interest is paid both on the original amount of money invested (= given to companies hoping to get more back) or borrowed and on the interest that has collected over a period of time”如：compound interest 复利。
保持经济社会平稳运行的难度加大。
All this added to the difficulty of maintaining economic and social stability.
注：
保持经济社会平稳运行
maintain economic and social stability
面对多重困难挑战，我们加力实施存量政策，适时优化宏观调控，积极有效应对。
However, we responded to this array of difficulties and challenges with both active and effective steps: We redoubled efforts to implement adopted policies and improved macro regulation in a timely manner.
注：
多重困难挑战
the array of difficulties and challenges
加力（双倍努力）
redouble efforts to
实施存量政策
implement adopted policies
适时
in a timely manner
优化宏观调控
improve macro regulation
积极有效
active and effective
特别是坚决贯彻落实9月26日中央政治局会议果断部署的一揽子增量政策，
In particular, we took firm actions to implement a package of new policies that was decided on by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at a meeting on September 26.
注：
中央政治局
the Political Bureau of the Central Committee
一揽子增量政策
a package of new policies
推动经济明显回升，社会信心有效提振，既促进了全年目标实现，也为今年发展奠定了良好基础。
This led to a notable rebound in the economy and effectively boosted public confidence, ensuring the fulfillment of our goals for 2024 and laying a good foundation for development in 2025.
注：
经济明显回升
a notable rebound in the economy
社会信心
public confidence
促进了目标实现
ensure the fulfillment of goals
奠定了良好基础
lay a good foundation
在这个过程中，我们深化了对经济工作的规律性认识，进一步认识到党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证，
In the course of this, we deepened our understanding of the laws governing economic work and became more keenly aware that the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is essential to doing our economic work well.
注：
深化了对……的认识
deepen the understanding of ……
经济工作的规律性
the laws [governing economic work]
集中统一领导
the centralized, unified leadership
党中央
the Party Central Committee
做好经济工作
do our economic work well
必须统筹好有效市场和有为政府、总供给和总需求、培育新动能和更新旧动能、做优增量和盘活存量、提升质量和做大总量的关系。
It is also clear that we must properly handle the relationships between an efficient market and a well-functioning government, between aggregate supply and demand, between fostering new growth drivers and upgrading old ones, between optimizing allocation of new resources and making the best use of existing ones, and between enhancing quality and expanding total output.
注：
有为政府
a well-functioning government
总供给和总需求
aggregate supply and demand
培育新动能和更新旧动能
foster new growth drivers and upgrade old ones
做优增量和盘活存量
optimize allocation of new resources and make the best use of existing ones
提升质量和做大总量
enhance quality and expand total output
实践再次表明，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国上下聚力攻坚，我国发展没有闯不过的难关。
What we have achieved once again proves that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with the dedicated efforts of our people across the country, we can prevail over any difficulty in pursuing development.
注：
全国上下
our people across the country
聚力（攻坚）
with the dedicated efforts
没有闯不过的难关（克服任何困难）
prevail over any difficulty
「未完待续」
「持续更新中」
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