大风到哪了

近日，多地出现大风天气。你们那儿感受到了吗？

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What does the word "vortex" most likely mean in the context of the article?

A) A swirling mass of cold air

B) A sudden rise in temperature

C) A dry and dust-laden breeze

D) A seasonal rainstorm

无注释原文：

Stay indoors or risk being blown away, China warns light people

From: The Telegraph

Chinese authorities have told people weighing less than 50 kilograms (7st 9lbs) to stay indoors this weekend because they could be “blown away” by heavy winds.

Gales of up to 93 miles per hour are expected to sweep through Beijing, Tianjin, and parts of Hebei from Friday to Sunday as a cold vortex is travelling south-east from Mongolia.

Beijing's meteorological service has issued an orange alert, the first in a decade and the second-highest in China's four-tier weather warning system.

Over 22 million people have been told to avoid non-essential travel – especially lighter people, who were warned they could be carried away by the gusts.

The warning for lighter people went viral on Chinese social media, with related hashtags trending on Weibo, a Chinese blogging website.

While strong Mongolian winds are common at this time of year, meteorologists warned the incoming vortex could bring gales stronger than anything seen in years.

“This strong wind is extreme, lasts for a long time, affects a wide area and is highly disastrous,” said the meteorological service.

The gusts are expected to reach levels 11 to 13 on China's 17-level wind scale. Winds at level 11 can cause “serious damage” while level 12 brings “extreme destruction”, according to the meteorological service's classification.

Authorities have made extensive preparations for extreme weather. Workers have been told to return home early, schools have suspended classes and outdoor events have been cancelled.

Parks, tourist attractions and construction sites have closed, while thousands of trees across Beijing have been reinforced with protective material. Transportation has been disrupted, with 56 train services cancelled on Friday and 103 on Saturday.

China Southern Airlines cancelled 31 flights for Friday and 17 for Saturday as of noon local time.

Meteorologists predict the winds to begin weakening Sunday night, with conditions expected to return to normal by Monday.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Stay indoors or risk being blown away, China warns light people

From: The Telegraph

Chinese authorities have told people weighing less than 50 kilograms (7st 9lbs) to stay indoors this weekend because they could be “blown away” by heavy winds.

中国官方提醒体重低于50公斤的人们本周末尽量待在室内，以防被强风“吹走”。

authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ə.ti/ 表示“威信；权力；管辖权”，英文解释为“the moral or legal right or ability to control”举个🌰：The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area. 联合国行使其权力以恢复该地区的和平。

2）表示“官方机构；当局；官方；当权者”，英文解释为“a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity”如：the health authority 卫生当局。

Gales of up to 93 miles per hour are expected to sweep through Beijing, Tianjin, and parts of Hebei from Friday to Sunday as a cold vortex is travelling south-east from Mongolia.

受一股从蒙古国向东南移动的冷涡影响，北京、天津及河北部分地区将从周五起至周日迎来持续大风，最大风速或达每小时93英里。

gale /ɡeɪl/ 表示“大风”，英文解释为“a very strong wind”举个🌰：Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales. 数百棵老树被大风刮倒了。

gales of laughter 表示“阵阵大笑声”，英文解释为“a lot of loud laughter”举个🌰：I could hear gales of laughter coming from downstairs. 我可以听到楼下传来阵阵大笑声。

sweep /swiːp/ 作动词，可以表示“风行，风靡，迅速蔓延，迅速传播；席卷；横扫”，英文解释为“to quickly spread through and influence an area”举个🌰：A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow. 一场流感正在莫斯科迅速传播。

📺电视剧《王冠》（The Crown）中的台词提到：Independence is sweeping across the continent. 独立运动席卷这片大陆。

📺动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）中的台词提到：A plague is sweeping through Springfield. 一场瘟疫正席卷斯普林菲尔德。

📍sweeping 作形容词，1）表示“影响广泛的；大范围的；根本性的；意义深远的”，英文解释为“having an important effect on a large part of sth”如：sweeping changes 彻底变化，举个🌰：They were given sweeping powers to search homes. 他们授予入户搜查的极大权力。

🎬电影《沉默》（Silence）中的台词提到：He wrote those words during the most sweeping persecution of all. 他写下这些话时 正经历着最为残酷的迫害。

2）sweeping statement/generalization 表示“泛泛之谈；一概而论的说法；过于笼统的概括”，英文解释为“something that you say or write that is too general and that has not been carefully thought about”举个🌰：Sweeping generalizations about this complex and difficult situation are not helpful. 对这种复杂困难的情形作泛泛之谈是没有用的。

vortex /ˈvɔː.teks/ 表示“旋涡；涡流”，英文解释为“a mass of air or water that spins around very fast and pulls objects into its empty centre”或者表示“（困境的）旋涡”，英文解释为“a dangerous or bad situation in which you become more and more involved and from which you cannot escape”举个🌰：I was sucked into a vortex of despair. 我被卷入了绝望的旋涡里。

Beijing's meteorological service has issued an orange alert, the first in a decade and the second-highest in China's four-tier weather warning system.

北京气象部门发布了十年来首次的橙色预警信号，这是中国四级天气预警系统中的第二高级别预警。

meteorological /ˌmiː.ti.ə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“气象的”，英文解释为“relating to weather conditions”举个🌰：Accurate meteorological records began 100 years ago. 准确的气象记录始于100年前。

tier /tɪər/ 表示“（多层、多层次中的）一层”，英文解释为“one of several layers or levels”举个🌰：We sat in one of the upper tiers of the football stands. 我们坐在足球场看台的上层位置。

📍top-tier 表示“一流的；水平最高的，质量最好的”，英文解释为“of the highest level or quality”，如：a top-tier medical school 一所一流的医学院。

Over 22 million people have been told to avoid non-essential travel – especially lighter people, who were warned they could be carried away by the gusts.

相关部门提醒包括北京在内的逾2200万人非必要不外出，尤其是体重较轻者需格外警惕，以防被强风吹走。

essential /ɪˈsen.ʃəl/ 作名词，表示“必需品；不可缺少的东西”，英文解释为“a basic thing that you cannot live without”举个🌰：When we go on holiday, we only take the bare essentials. 我们去度假时，只带一些最基本的必需品。

作形容词，表示“必要的，必不可少的”，英文解释为“necessary or needed”举个🌰：Government support will be essential if the project is to succeed. 这个项目能否成功，政府的支持至关重要。

gust /ɡʌst/ 表示“一阵狂风，一阵强风”，英文解释为“a sudden strong wind”举个🌰：A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella inside out. 一阵狂风把他的伞吹翻了。

作动词，表示“猛刮，劲吹”，英文解释为“to blow strongly”举个🌰：Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down power lines. 时速达50英里的大风刮断了电缆。

The warning for lighter people went viral on Chinese social media, with related hashtags trending on Weibo, a Chinese blogging website.

这则提醒体重较轻人群别出门的消息在中国社交媒体上引发热议，相关话题登上微博（Weibo）热搜榜单。

viral /ˈvaɪ.rəl/ 表示“（通过网络在个体之间迅速）病毒式的（传播）”，英文解释为“used to describe something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.”举个🌰：Here's a list of the top ten viral videos this week. 以下是本周十大病毒式传播的视频。

📍常用短语 go viral，字面意思就是“像病毒一样传播、扩散”，引申为“走红，十分流行，疯狂传播”，比如朋友圈xxx刷屏了，也可以说go viral. 📍名词形式virality.

hashtag /ˈhæʃ.tæɡ/ 表示“在社交媒体上发文时用来描述主题的#号”，英文解释为“used on social media for describing the general subject of a Tweet or other post (= message)”

While strong Mongolian winds are common at this time of year, meteorologists warned the incoming vortex could bring gales stronger than anything seen in years.

虽然每年这个时候来自蒙古的大风并不罕见，但气象学家警告称即将到来的冷涡可能带来多年来最强的大风。

meteorologist /ˌmiː.ti.əˈrɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“气象学家”，英文解释为“someone who studies meteorology”

“This strong wind is extreme, lasts for a long time, affects a wide area and is highly disastrous,” said the meteorological service.

气象部门表示：“此次大风持续时间长、影响范围广，具有一定极端性和致灾性。”

The gusts are expected to reach levels 11 to 13 on China's 17-level wind scale. Winds at level 11 can cause “serious damage” while level 12 brings “extreme destruction”, according to the meteorological service's classification.

根据气象部门的分类标准，此次风力预计可达中国17级风力标准中的11至13级。11级风可造成“损毁重大”，而12级则会“摧毁极大”。

scale /skeɪl/ 1）表示“标度，刻度；等级”，英文解释为“a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something”如：the Centigrade/Fahrenheit scale 摄氏/华氏温标。

2）表示“比例；比例尺”，英文解释为“the relation between the real size of something and its size on a map, model, or diagram”如：a scale of 1:10,000 比例尺为1:10000。

3）表示“大小；规模；范围”，英文解释为“the size or level of something, especially when this is large”举个🌰：We don't yet know the scale of the problem. 我们还不知道问题有多严重。

Authorities have made extensive preparations for extreme weather. Workers have been told to return home early, schools have suspended classes and outdoor events have been cancelled.

有关部门已为极端天气做出充分准备。企业通知员工提前下班，学校停课，户外活动也取消。

suspend /səˈspend/ 1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee. 跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。

2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：The union suspended the action this week. 工会本周暂停了这一行动。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。

3）表示“悬挂”，英文解释为“to hang”举个🌰：The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building. 建筑工人站在用绳子从房顶上吊下来的木制平台上作业。

Parks, tourist attractions and construction sites have closed, while thousands of trees across Beijing have been reinforced with protective material. Transportation has been disrupted, with 56 train services cancelled on Friday and 103 on Saturday.

公园、景点和建筑工地均已关闭，北京各地数千棵树木加装了防风支撑。交通方面也受大风影响，周五有56趟列车被取消，周六再取消103趟。

reinforce /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ 1）表示“加强；充实；使更强烈；进一步证实（观点、看法等）”，英文解释为“to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger”举个🌰：Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。

2）表示“加固；使更结实”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it”举个🌰：All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes. 所有建筑现都已加固，以抗地震。

China Southern Airlines cancelled 31 flights for Friday and 17 for Saturday as of noon local time.

截至当地时间中午，中国南方航空（China Southern Airlines）已取消周五31个航班及周六17个航班。

表示“自…起；到...时候为止”，英文解释为“starting from a particular time or date”举个🌰：As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up. 自下月起，所有航空公司的机票价格都将上调。

Meteorologists predict the winds to begin weakening Sunday night, with conditions expected to return to normal by Monday.

气象学家预测风力将于周日夜间逐渐减弱，预计到周一天气将恢复正常。

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