吃蓝莓前记得给它“掏耳朵”？
LearnAndRecord约 9 分钟蓝莓果蒂处的凹陷部位因结构特殊，容易积聚水分和残留物，成为霉菌滋生的高风险区域，因此清洗时需重点关注该位置。近日，部分网友建议用棉签蘸水清洁果蒂，但专家指出过度清洁（如用牙刷或棉签）可能破坏蓝莓表皮，反而增加污染风险。
吃蓝莓有什么好处呢？
🤔️小作业：
1. Why was the placebo designed to look and taste like the blueberry powder?
A. To mask the fact that one group was not receiving treatment
B. To ensure the placebo group would experience similar physiological effects
C. To reduce the possibility of allergic reactions
D. To increase the dosage accuracy of the experiment
无注释原文：
Blueberries May Lower Blood Pressure
From: The New York Times
Can a cup of blueberries keep the doctor away? Maybe.
Researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 40 postmenopausal women ages 45 to 65 with high blood pressure. Half ate 22 grams of freeze-dried blueberry powder (equivalent to a cup of blueberries) daily for eight weeks. The others consumed an identical-looking and tasting placebo.
The study, in The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, found that those who ate the blueberry preparation saw an average 5.1 percent decrease in systolic blood pressure (the top number) and a 6.3 percent decrease in diastolic pressure. Levels of nitric oxide, known to be involved in relaxing and widening blood vessels, increased significantly in the blueberry eaters. There were no significant changes in the placebo group.
The improvement, the scientists write, was moderate compared with that of blood pressure medicines. But, they say, eating blueberries in larger amounts or for longer periods could increase the effect.
The lead author, Sarah A. Johnson, a postdoctoral researcher at Florida State University, said she saw no reason for people to radically change their diet, but that if they are not eating blueberries, they might want to try them. “There is something very special about the composition of blueberries that is responsible for their effect on blood pressure,” she said. “Other fruits and plant extracts have not produced the same result.”
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Blueberries May Lower Blood Pressure
From: The New York Times
Can a cup of blueberries keep the doctor away? Maybe.
一杯蓝莓能保持身体健康？也许能。
blueberry
blueberry /ˈbluːˌbər.i/ 表示“（北美）蓝莓，越橘蓝色浆果”，英文解释为“the dark blue fruit of a bush that is grown in North America, similar to a bilberry”
Researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 40 postmenopausal women ages 45 to 65 with high blood pressure. Half ate 22 grams of freeze-dried blueberry powder (equivalent to a cup of blueberries) daily for eight weeks. The others consumed an identical-looking and tasting placebo.
研究者对40位45岁至65岁的绝经后高血压妇女进行了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的研究。其中一半每天吃22克冷冻干燥的蓝莓粉（相当于一杯蓝莓），共吃八周。另一半服用一种外观和味道与蓝莓粉完全相同的安慰剂。
randomized
randomized /ˈræn.də.maɪzd/ 表示“随机化的”，英文解释为“relating to experimental research where subjects are selected for particular treatments by chance”如：a randomized drug trial 随机药物试验。
📍 randomized controlled trial = randomized control trial (RCT) 随机对照试验的基本方法是，将研究对象随机分组，对不同组实施不同的干预，在这种严格的条件下对照效果的不同。在研究对象数量足够的情况下，这种方法可以抵消已知和未知的混杂因素对各组的影响。
double-blind
double-blind /ˌdʌb.əlˈblaɪnd/ 表示“（尤指药物）双盲测试的（受试者和医生均不知道哪一组在接受测试）”，英文解释为“A double-blind study or trial, especially in medicine, is one in which two groups of people are studied, for example with one group taking a new drug and one group taking something else, but neither the people in the study nor the scientist or doctor knows which person is in which group.”
placebo
placebo /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ 1）表示“安慰剂”，英文解释为“a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make that person feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others”举个🌰：She was only given a placebo, but she claimed she got better - that's the placebo effect. 只给她服用了安慰剂，但她说好一些了——这就是安慰剂的心理作用。
2）表示“使人宽慰的事；安抚话”，英文解释为“something that is given to try to satisfy a person who has not been given the thing they really want”举个🌰：These small concessions have been made as a placebo to stop the workers making further demands. 这些小让步就像安慰剂一样，可以避免工人们提出更多的要求。
freeze-dried
freeze-dried /ˈfriːzˌdraɪd/ 表示“（尤指食物）冷冻干燥保存的”，英文解释为“(especially of food) preserved by freezing and then drying”举个🌰：My favourite breakfast cereal contains freeze-dried strawberries and raspberries. 我最喜欢的早餐麦片里有冻干的草莓和覆盆子。
equivalent
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。
2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”
The study, in The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, found that those who ate the blueberry preparation saw an average 5.1 percent decrease in systolic blood pressure (the top number) and a 6.3 percent decrease in diastolic pressure. Levels of nitric oxide, known to be involved in relaxing and widening blood vessels, increased significantly in the blueberry eaters. There were no significant changes in the placebo group.
这项发表在《美国营养与饮食学会会刊》上的研究发现，蓝莓粉服用者的收缩压（高压）平均降低了5.1%，舒张压平均降低了6.3%，一氧化氮水平提高了很多——一氧化氮有助于放松和扩张血管。安慰组的相关指数没有显著变化。
dietetics
dietetics /ˌdaɪ.əˈtet.ɪks/ 表示“营养学”，英文解释为“the scientific study of the food that people eat and its effects on health”
systolic
systolic /sɪsˈtɒl.ɪk/ 表示“（血压）收缩期的”，英文解释为“used to describe the phase of the blood pressure cycle when the ventricles of the heart have their strongest contractions against the blood vessel walls”如：systolic blood pressure 收缩压。
diastolic
diastolic /daɪ.əˈstɒl.ɪk/ 表示“（心脏的）舒张期的，心舒期的”，英文解释为“relating to the diastole (= the period when the main chamber of the heart is relaxed and filling with blood)”如：diastolic blood pressure 心舒期血压。
blood vessel
blood vessel /ˈblʌd ˌves.əl/ 表示“血管”，英文解释为“any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body”
The improvement, the scientists write, was moderate compared with that of blood pressure medicines. But, they say, eating blueberries in larger amounts or for longer periods could increase the effect.
研究者们写道，这些改善与降压药的作用相比较为温和。但是他们说，长期大量食用蓝莓能提升效果。
The lead author, Sarah A. Johnson, a postdoctoral researcher at Florida State University, said she saw no reason for people to radically change their diet, but that if they are not eating blueberries, they might want to try them. “There is something very special about the composition of blueberries that is responsible for their effect on blood pressure,” she said. “Other fruits and plant extracts have not produced the same result.”
这项研究的主要作者莎拉·A·约翰逊（Sarah A. Johnson）是佛罗里达大学的博士后研究员。她认为人们没必要彻底改变饮食习惯，但是如果他们没有在吃蓝莓，可以尝试一下。“蓝莓的成分中有一种很特别的东西，对降压有效，”她说，“其他水果和植物萃取物没有这样的效果。”
postdoctoral
postdoctoral /ˌpəʊstˈdɒk.tər.əl/ 表示“博士后的”，英文解释为“relating to advanced work or study that someone does after completing their PhD”如：her postdoctoral project 她的博士后项目。
radically
radically /ˈræd.ɪ.kəl.i/ 表示“完全地；极端地”，英文解释为“completely or extremely”举个🌰：The accident radically changed the course of his life. 这次事故从根本上改变了他的生活轨迹。
composition
composition /ˌkɒm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ 表示“成分；构成；结构”，英文解释为“the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of”如：the composition of the atmosphere 大气的构成。
extract
extract /ˈekstrækt; ɪkˈstrækt/ 作动词，表示“取出；拔出；提取”，英文解释为“to remove or take out something”举个🌰：The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking. 这种橄揽油是用于烹饪的。
作名词，1）表示“摘录；选段；引文”，英文解释为“a particular part of a book, poem, etc. that is chosen so that it can be used in a discussion, article, etc.”举个🌰：They published an extract from his autobiography. 他们刊登了他自传的一个片断。
2）表示“（尤指食物或药物的）提出物，精华，汁”，英文解释为“a substance taken from a plant, flower, etc. and used especially in food or medicine”举个🌰：The cream contained extracts of/from several plants. 这种护肤霜中含有数种植物萃取精华。
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