中国人平均每天睡7小时17分
LearnAndRecord约 10 分钟近日，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的一项研究表明，中国人平均每天的睡眠时间为7小时17分钟，在全球睡眠时间排名中位列第9。
🤔️小作业：
1. Which of the following can best be inferred about people sleeping less than their culture's ideal?
A. They are likely to experience severe health issues.
B. They conform more closely to global sleep standards.
C. They are less healthy than those who meet cultural sleep norms.
D. They are more productive due to shorter sleep durations.
无注释原文：
What's a healthy amount of sleep? It differs from one country to another
From: UBC NEWS
New research challenges the common belief that everyone needs the same amount of sleep for good health.
Your optimal amount of sleep may depend on where you live, new University of British Columbia research has found.
An analysis of sleep data and health outcomes for nearly 5,000 people in 20 countries revealed that the hours of sleep required for good health varies significantly across different cultures, challenging the common belief that everyone needs the same amount.
“Despite the common advice to get eight hours of sleep, our findings suggest that sleep recommendations need to be adjusted based on cultural norms,” said Dr. Steven Heine, professor of social and cultural psychology at UBC and senior author of the study published Tuesday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). “There is no one-size-fits-all amount of sleep that works for everyone.”
The study confirmed previous findings that average sleep time can vary widely from country to country. For example, the average in Japan was six hours and 18 minutes, while in France it was seven hours and 52 minutes. In Canada, it was seven hours and 27 minutes.
Other studies have found links between shorter sleep durations and poor health outcomes. However, this collaboration between UBC and University of Victoria researchers was the first to investigate whether people from countries with shorter sleep durations suffer from worse health.
The researchers found no evidence that people in countries with less sleep were less healthy than those in longer-sleeping nations.
“People who slept closer to their own culture's norms for sleep duration tended to have better overall health,” said Dr. Christine Ou, assistant professor in the school of nursing at UVic and the study's lead author. “This suggests that the ideal amount of sleep is the amount that matches what is considered appropriate sleep in one's cultural context.”
The researchers also discovered that in all 20 countries, people appeared to be sleeping at least one hour less than what was considered optimal for their culture.
The research underscores the importance of considering cultural context when making recommendations about sleep. It suggests that public health guidelines should be tailored to fit the cultural norms of different populations to promote better health outcomes.
Data for the study came from people in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and South America.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
What's a healthy amount of sleep? It differs from one country to another
From: UBC NEWS
New research challenges the common belief that everyone needs the same amount of sleep for good health.
一项最新研究表明，健康所需的睡眠时长因人而异，打破了“统一标准”的传统认知。
Your optimal amount of sleep may depend on where you live, new University of British Columbia research has found.
不列颠哥伦比亚大学的最新研究显示，一个人所需的最佳睡眠时长可能受到居住地区的影响。
optimal
optimal /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl/ 表示“最优的，最佳的；优化的”，英文解释为“best; most likely to bring success or advantage”举个🌰：A mixture of selected funds is an optimal choice for future security and return on investment. 同时选择几种基金是确保未来投资安全和投资收益的最佳选择。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述量化交易的文章中提到：It requires algorithms that first establish and then fine-tune the optimal period over which to do the sorting. 这需要通过算法来确定并微调出一个最优的筛选期。
An analysis of sleep data and health outcomes for nearly 5,000 people in 20 countries revealed that the hours of sleep required for good health varies significantly across different cultures, challenging the common belief that everyone needs the same amount.
研究人员分析了20个国家和地区约5000名个体的睡眠数据和健康状况，发现不同文化背景下，人们保持健康所需的睡眠时长存在显著差异，打破了人人需要相同睡眠时长的普遍观念。
reveal
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ 表示“揭露；泄露；透露”，英文解释为“to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret”举个🌰：He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians. 他因为向俄国人泄密而被监禁。
“Despite the common advice to get eight hours of sleep, our findings suggest that sleep recommendations need to be adjusted based on cultural norms,” said Dr. Steven Heine, professor of social and cultural psychology at UBC and senior author of the study published Tuesday in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). “There is no one-size-fits-all amount of sleep that works for everyone.”
该研究于周二发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）上。“尽管大家习惯说每天要睡八小时，我们的研究显示，睡眠建议应结合文化背景加以调整，”该研究资深作者、不列颠哥伦比亚大学社会与文化心理学教授史蒂文·海恩博士（Dr. Steven Heine）指出，“并没有一个适用于所有人的统一睡眠时长。”
recommendation
recommendation /ˌrek.ə.menˈdeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“提议，建议；意见”，英文解释为“advice telling someone what the best thing to do is”举个🌰：The report makes the recommendation that no more prisons should be built. 该报告建议不要再建新的监狱。
2）表示“推荐，介绍”，英文解释为“a suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job”举个🌰：I bought this computer on his recommendation (= because he told me that it was good). 我买的这台电脑是他推荐的。
norm
norm /nɔːm/ 通常复数，表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。
📍the norm 表示“常态，正常行为”，英文解释为“a situation or type of behaviour that is expected and considered to be typical”举个🌰：One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries. 每个家庭一个孩子在一些国家正迅速普遍起来。
one-size-fits-all
表示“通用的；一体适用的；标准的不为个体量身定做的”，英文解释为“esigned to be suitable for a wide range of situations or needs”如：a one-size-fits-all approach to education 一刀切的教育方法。
📍2021年报告Part 19就提到：要力戒形式主义、官僚主义，切忌在工作中搞“一刀切”， We must guard against pointless formalities and bureaucratism and one-size-fits-all approaches in our work,
The study confirmed previous findings that average sleep time can vary widely from country to country. For example, the average in Japan was six hours and 18 minutes, while in France it was seven hours and 52 minutes. In Canada, it was seven hours and 27 minutes.
该研究进一步验证了此前的发现：不同国家的平均睡眠时长差异巨大。例如，日本为6小时18分钟，法国为7小时52分钟，加拿大则为7小时27分钟。
Other studies have found links between shorter sleep durations and poor health outcomes. However, this collaboration between UBC and University of Victoria researchers was the first to investigate whether people from countries with shorter sleep durations suffer from worse health.
此前研究指出睡眠时间短通常与健康状况不佳之间存在联系。然而，不列颠哥伦比亚大学与维多利亚大学的这项合作研究首次探讨了来自睡眠时间较短国家的人是否存在更差的健康状况。
collaboration
collaboration /kəˌlæb.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“合作；协作”，英文解释为“the situation of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing”举个🌰：The two playwrights worked in close collaboration (with each other) on the script. 两位剧作家密切合作编写这个剧本。
2）表示“勾结；通敌，叛国”，英文解释为“the situation of people working with an enemy who has taken control of their country”举个🌰：She was accused of collaboration. 她被指控通敌。
The researchers found no evidence that people in countries with less sleep were less healthy than those in longer-sleeping nations.
研究人员并未发现睡眠时间较短国家的人健康状况更差的证据。
“People who slept closer to their own culture's norms for sleep duration tended to have better overall health,” said Dr. Christine Ou, assistant professor in the school of nursing at UVic and the study's lead author. “This suggests that the ideal amount of sleep is the amount that matches what is considered appropriate sleep in one's cultural context.”
“更接近本国文化标准睡眠时长，往往意味着会有更好的整体健康状况，”该研究第一作者、维多利亚大学护理学院助理教授克里斯汀·欧博士（Dr. Christine Ou）表示。“这表明，理想的睡眠时长应与人们所处文化中所认为合适的睡眠时间相一致。”
The researchers also discovered that in all 20 countries, people appeared to be sleeping at least one hour less than what was considered optimal for their culture.
研究人员还发现，在这20个国家和地区中，人们的睡眠时间似乎都比各自文化所认为的理想时间少至少一小时。
The research underscores the importance of considering cultural context when making recommendations about sleep. It suggests that public health guidelines should be tailored to fit the cultural norms of different populations to promote better health outcomes.
这项研究凸显了文化背景在睡眠建议中的关键作用。研究建议，公共健康指南应依据不同人群的文化特点进行调整，从而更有效地提升整体健康水平。
underscore
underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔːr/ 表示“突出显示；强调”，英文解释为“If something such as an action or an event underscores another, it draws attention to the other thing and emphasizes its importance.”举个🌰：The figures underscore the state of the economic recovery.数据突出显示了经济复苏的状态。
🎬电影《笔下求生》（Stranger Than Fiction）中的台词提到：lts desperate attempts to escape... only underscore the hopelessness of its plight. 它绝望的挣扎 只能强调它无望的处境。
tailor
tailor /ˈteɪ.lər/ 表示“专门制作，使适应特定需要”，英文解释为“to make or prepare something following particular instructions”举个🌰：We tailor any of our products to your company's specific needs. 我们可以根据贵公司的特定需求定制产品。
Data for the study came from people in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and South America.
该研究的数据涵盖了来自北美、欧洲、亚洲、非洲及南美洲的民众。
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