树挪死，人挪活？
LearnAndRecord约 12 分钟近日，一项针对诺贝尔获奖者的研究发现，搬迁到新环境或在多个地点工作，或许能加速创新成果的产出。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the most accurate synonym for “knowledge spillovers” as used in the article?
A. Intellectual leakage
B. Collaborative waste
C. Idea exchange
D. Experimental error
无注释原文：
Change your location to jumpstart creativity, study finds
From: Ohio State News
If you want to do your best, most creative work, moving to a new place – or working from several places – can accelerate the process, according to a new study of Nobel Prize winners.
Researchers found that Nobel laureates who moved more frequently began their prize-winning work up to 2 years earlier than did laureates who never moved. Those who worked in multiple locations started their innovative work up to 2.6 years earlier.
Top scientists who change their locations or split their time between locations boost their career by meeting other researchers with new and different ideas that they can combine with their own, said Bruce Weinberg, co-author of the study and professor of economics at The Ohio State University.
“They're hearing interesting ideas at one place and different ideas at another location. They are putting these things together in novel, important ways,” Weinberg said.
“If they stayed in one place, it would take much longer to happen or may not happen at all.”
Weinberg conducted the study with John Ham, a professor of economics at New York University in Abu Dhabi, and Brian Quistorff of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The study was published today (May 12, 2025) in the journal International Economic Review.
Other research has focused on the importance of having clusters of top scientists at places like Silicon Valley or Cambridge, Massachusetts, to generate “knowledge spillovers” among a community of researchers who use what they learn from each other to advance science.
But this study takes a different approach, Weinberg said.
“You can be in one place with lots of brilliant people, but after a while, you've talked to all of them and you develop a common understanding of how things work,” he said.
“You're less likely to come up with this great breakthrough unless you are exposed to a new set of ideas you haven't heard before. You can do that by moving or working in several locations.”
The researchers used a rich dataset they helped build on Nobel laureates in chemistry, medicine and physics from 1901 to 2003. The dataset has the laureates' locations each year and when each scientist started the research that eventually won them the Nobel prize.
The study findings estimated that moving to a new location every two years significantly decreases the time before beginning Nobel-prize winning work by two years. Moving every five years reduces the time by 0.7 years.
Being in multiple locations, as opposed to always being in one location, reduced the expected time before beginning Nobel-prize work by 2.6 years.
Being in multiple locations could include, for example, physicists who spent part of the time at their university, and substantial time at a research facility such as CERN.
The findings showed that 5% to 10% of the sample begin their Nobel work in the first year of their careers. However, many people take 10 or 20 years to start their Nobel work, and some take 30 or even 40 years.
“It's not easy for a scientist to move their lab and work to a new location, but it can substantially boost their research,” Weinberg said.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Change your location to jumpstart creativity, study finds
From: Ohio State News
If you want to do your best, most creative work, moving to a new place – or working from several places – can accelerate the process, according to a new study of Nobel Prize winners.
一项关于诺贝尔奖得主的新研究表明，若想激发出最具创造力的工作成果，搬迁到新环境或在多个地点之间切换工作节奏，或许能成为加速创新的关键。
jumpstart
jump-start /ˈdʒʌmp.stɑːt/ 1）表示“助推起动（汽车)；跳线跨接起动（汽车）”，英文解释为“to start a car engine by pushing the car or by using jump leads”
2）表示“（采取行动）推动”，英文解释为“to improve a situation by taking a particular action”
accelerate
accelerate /əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/ 1）表示“（车辆或驾驶者）加速”，英文解释为“When a vehicle or its driver accelerates, the speed of the vehicle increases.”举个🌰：I accelerated to overtake the bus. 我加速超过了公共汽车。
2）accelerate /əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/ 表示“（使）加快，（使）增速；促进；提前，（促使）早日发生”，英文解释为“to happen or make something happen sooner or faster”举个🌰：They use special chemicals to accelerate the growth of crops. 他们使用特殊的化学品来刺激农作物生长。
decelerate /ˌdiːˈsel.ər.eɪt/ 表示“（使）降低速度；（使）减速”，英文解释为“to reduce the speed that a vehicle is travelling at”举个🌰：The car decelerated at the sight of the police car. 那辆汽车一见警车就慢了下来。
Researchers found that Nobel laureates who moved more frequently began their prize-winning work up to 2 years earlier than did laureates who never moved. Those who worked in multiple locations started their innovative work up to 2.6 years earlier.
研究人员发现，那些更频繁搬迁的诺奖得主，其获奖研究工作的开始时间最多比从未搬迁的人早两年；而在多个地点工作的诺奖得主，其创新工作的开始时间最多提前了2.6年。
laureate
laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。
Top scientists who change their locations or split their time between locations boost their career by meeting other researchers with new and different ideas that they can combine with their own, said Bruce Weinberg, co-author of the study and professor of economics at The Ohio State University.
俄亥俄州立大学经济学教授、本研究共同作者布鲁斯·温伯格（Bruce Weinberg）表示，那些更换工作地点或在多个地点工作的顶尖科学家，能够通过结识拥有新颖且不同观点的研究者，将其与自身想法融合，从而推动其事业发展。
boost
boost /buːst/ 可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“改善；提高；增强；推动”，英文解释为“to improve or increase something”举个🌰：The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 剧院设法通过降低票价来增加观众数量。
📍“佩洛西有病还是先治病吧”文中提到be boosted，get boosted用来指打了加强针（疫苗），也有说booster shot/booster dose.
“They're hearing interesting ideas at one place and different ideas at another location. They are putting these things together in novel, important ways,” Weinberg said.
温伯格表示：“他们在一个地方听到有趣的想法，在另一个地方接触到不同的观点，然后以创新且富有意义的方式将这些想法结合起来。”
“If they stayed in one place, it would take much longer to happen or may not happen at all.”
“如果他们一直待在同一个地方，这种效果可能要花更长时间才能产生，或许终其一生都无缘实现。”
Weinberg conducted the study with John Ham, a professor of economics at New York University in Abu Dhabi, and Brian Quistorff of the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The study was published today (May 12, 2025) in the journal International Economic Review.
该研究由温伯格联合纽约大学阿布扎比分校经济学教授约翰·哈姆（John Ham）与美国经济分析局布赖恩·奎斯托夫（Brian Quistorff）共同完成，研究成果于2025年5月12日发表在《国际经济评论》（International Economic Review）上。
bureau
bureau /ˈbjʊərəʊ/ 1）表示“（政府部门的）局，处，科”，英文解释为“a government organization”如：the Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局。
2）表示“（搜集或提供信息的）办事处，办公室，机构”，英文解释为“an organization or a business that collects or provides information”举个🌰：Her disappearance was reported to the police department's Missing Persons Bureau. 她的失踪被报到了警察局的失踪人口调查处。
Other research has focused on the importance of having clusters of top scientists at places like Silicon Valley or Cambridge, Massachusetts, to generate “knowledge spillovers” among a community of researchers who use what they learn from each other to advance science.
以往的研究多关注在硅谷或马萨诸塞剑桥等地聚集顶尖科学家的重要性，认为这种聚集可促成“知识溢出效应”，即科研人员之间通过互相学习共同推进科学进步。
cluster
cluster /ˈklʌs.tər/ 作动词，表示“群集，丛生；聚集”，英文解释为“be ore come into a cluster or close group; congregate”举个🌰：The children clustered together in the corner of the room. 孩子们聚集在房间的角落里。
作名词，1）表示“（人或动物的）群，团，组”，英文解释为“a group of people, animals or things close together”如：a cluster of spectators 一群旁观者；
2）表示“（同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串”，英文解释为“a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together”
spillover
spillover /ˈspɪlˌəʊ.vər/ 1）表示“（液体）溢出部分，溢出量”，英文解释为“an amount of liquid that has become too much for the object that contains it and flows or spreads out”
2）表示“（非预期的）影响”，英文解释为“the effects of an activity that have spread further than was originally intended”举个🌰：We are now witnessing a spillover of the war into neighbouring regions. 我们现在亲眼看到战争影响到周边地区。
But this study takes a different approach, Weinberg said.
但温伯格表示，这项研究采用了不同的方法。
“You can be in one place with lots of brilliant people, but after a while, you've talked to all of them and you develop a common understanding of how things work,” he said.
“哪怕你身边聚集了一群才华横溢的人，时间久了，你们彼此之间也已经交流殆尽，对世界的运作方式渐渐趋于一致，”他表示。
“You're less likely to come up with this great breakthrough unless you are exposed to a new set of ideas you haven't heard before. You can do that by moving or working in several locations.”
“要想获得重大突破，就得接触那些前所未闻的新思想。而搬迁到新地方或在多个地点工作，正是激发新思维的有效方式。”
The researchers used a rich dataset they helped build on Nobel laureates in chemistry, medicine and physics from 1901 to 2003. The dataset has the laureates' locations each year and when each scientist started the research that eventually won them the Nobel prize.
研究团队利用了一个详尽的数据集，这是他们参与构建的数据集，涵盖了1901年至2003年间化学、医学与物理学诺贝尔奖得主的相关信息，包括每年的所在地，以及他们开始开展最终获奖研究的时间点。
dataset
dataset /ˈdeɪ.tə.set/ 表示“数据集”，英文解释为“a collection of separate sets of information that is treated as a single unit by a computer”举个🌰：Our dataset is 100 times more extensive than any other published for an extinct species. 我们有关已灭绝物种的数据集比其他任何此类数据集都要广泛100倍。
The study findings estimated that moving to a new location every two years significantly decreases the time before beginning Nobel-prize winning work by two years. Moving every five years reduces the time by 0.7 years.
研究结果估计，每两年搬迁一次能将开始诺奖级研究的时间提前约两年，而每五年搬迁一次则能提前约0.7年。
Being in multiple locations, as opposed to always being in one location, reduced the expected time before beginning Nobel-prize work by 2.6 years.
相较于始终待在同一处，身处多个工作地点的研究者开始诺奖级研究的时间能提前2.6年。
Being in multiple locations could include, for example, physicists who spent part of the time at their university, and substantial time at a research facility such as CERN.
所谓多个工作地点，例如，物理学家部分时间在大学任职，同时也会在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）这类研究机构深度参与研究工作。
substantial
substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ 1）表示“大的；可观的；价值巨大的；重大的”，英文解释为“large in size, value, or importance”举个🌰：The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. 这些发现表明男性和女性之间存在着重大的意见分歧。
2）表示“基本上的；大体上的”，英文解释为“relating to the main or most important things being considered”举个🌰：The committee was in substantial agreement (= agreed about most of the things discussed). 委员会基本上达成了一致意见。
The findings showed that 5% to 10% of the sample begin their Nobel work in the first year of their careers. However, many people take 10 or 20 years to start their Nobel work, and some take 30 or even 40 years.
研究发现，样本中有5%到10%的诺奖得主在职业生涯第一年就开始了他们的诺奖研究。然而，许多人要花10年或20年才开启相关研究，还有一些人花了30年甚至40年。
“It's not easy for a scientist to move their lab and work to a new location, but it can substantially boost their research,” Weinberg said.
“对于科学家来说，搬迁实验室、换个工作环境并非易事，但这种改变往往能显著推动他们的科研进展，”温伯格指出。
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