匿名校友向复旦大学捐赠1亿元

近日，复旦大学谢希德-俞吾金哲学发展基金（第二期）捐赠签约仪式上，一位匿名校友向母校捐赠1亿元，支持哲学学科发展，且明确表示不求名利回报。这是该校友继2016年捐赠3000万元后的第二次大规模捐赠，两次总额达1.3亿元。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the author's view on rejecting certain donations?

A. It is never acceptable to reject money when the organization is in need.

B. It may hurt short-term fundraising but leads to long-term integrity.

C. It will only alienate unethical donors with no other consequences.

D. It signals a charity's inability to adapt to donor expectations.

无注释原文：

When the wealthy give, should they expect to receive?

From: BBC

Q. When I raise money for my charitable organisation, large donors sometimes insist their donations have strings attached. If they offer to pay for a new building, for instance, they might require that we hire a construction company of their choosing, or they might tell us to use their law firm to draw up documents related to the gift. We don't want to turn away donations, but we also feel it's unethical to accept these conditions. What can we do?

A. As a society, we've created a culture that invites donors to give generously and at the same time receive recognition for it  —  from a simple thank-you letter to the donor's name adorning a building.

Charities rely on fundraising to support their missions and it would be easy to argue that any method of receiving donations that doesn't involve flagrant illegalities would be a good thing.

But charitable acts are supposed to be selfless. Aside from praise and admiration, donors aren't supposed to get benefits or money back from the charity in other ways. When donors turn their gifts into vehicles for enriching themselves or their friends, something unethical is happening. The ends don't justify the means and the situation makes you uncomfortable.

You are wise to question this practice, said Allison Daubel, an executive coach in New York City. “The most basic rule of fundraising is that donors must actually give away funds, and in doing so they should not exploit their relationships with fundraisers for personal gain or to benefit anyone else,” she said by email.

Meet with your organisation's board and put into place a policy on how you will accept gifts, making it clear that you won't allow financial conditions, she said. Now you'll have written rules you can reference when donors ask for special favours.

“By clearly defining the types of gifts you accept, you will feel better about the money you're raising and you'll actually improve your charity's reputation,” Daubel said.

This may alienate certain donors. But that's better for the charity in the long run, she said: “In the short run you may need to turn away potential donors, but in the long run you will attract the kinds of gifts that your organisation seeks: those that reflect its (and your) values and morals.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

When the wealthy give, should they expect to receive? 慈善捐赠是否应该期待获得回报？

From: BBC

Q. When I raise money for my charitable organisation, large donors sometimes insist their donations have strings attached. If they offer to pay for a new building, for instance, they might require that we hire a construction company of their choosing, or they might tell us to use their law firm to draw up documents related to the gift. We don't want to turn away donations, but we also feel it's unethical to accept these conditions. What can we do?

问：我为慈善机构募捐时，大额捐赠人有时坚称他们的捐款有附加条件。例如，如果他们为新楼宇捐款，可能会要求我们雇用他们选择的建筑公司，或者可能会让我们用他们的律师事务所起草捐赠相关文件。我们不想拒绝这些捐款，但我们也觉得接受这些条件是不道德的行为。我们该怎么做？

charitable /ˈtʃær.ə.tə.bəl/ 1）表示“慈善的”，英文解释为“giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no home”如：a charitable foundation/organization/trust 慈善基金会/组织/信托机构。

2）表示“仁慈的；宽厚的；宽容的”，英文解释为“kind, and not judging other people in a severe way”举个🌰：Some critics said the show was good in parts - those less charitable said the whole thing was a disaster. 有些批评家说演出有些部分还不错——而那些不那么厚道的批评家则说整场演出都糟透了。

donor /ˈdəʊ.nər/ 1）表示“献血者；器官捐献者”，英文解释为“a person who gives some of their blood or a part of their body to help someone who is ill”如：a blood donor 献血者，a kidney donor 肾脏捐献者。

2）表示“捐助者，捐赠者”，英文解释为“a person who gives money or goods to an organization”举个🌰：Thanks to a large gift from an anonymous donor, the charity was able to continue its work. 多亏得到了一位匿名人士的大笔捐助，该慈善机构才得以继续运转。

insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ 表示“坚持说，强调；坚决要求”，英文解释为“to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say”举个🌰：He still insists (that) he did nothing wrong. 他仍坚称自己没有做错任何事。

表示“（协议等的）附加条件，限制条款”，英文解释为“If something such as an agreement has strings attached, it involves special demands or limits.”举个🌰：Most of these so-called special offers come with strings attached. 这些所谓的特价品大都带有附加条件。They immediately agreed to donate $1,000, no strings attached. 他们立即同意无条件捐赠1千美元。

unethical /ˌʌnˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“不道德的，不合乎道德标准的”，英文解释为“not ethical (= based on moral beliefs)”

A. As a society, we've created a culture that invites donors to give generously and at the same time receive recognition for it  —  from a simple thank-you letter to the donor's name adorning a building.

答：作为一个社会，我们已形成这样一种文化：欢迎捐赠人慷慨解囊，同时让他们的捐赠得到认可。认可方式多种多样，从简单的感谢信，到将捐赠人的名字写在建筑上，等等。

adorn /əˈdɔːn/ 表示“装扮；装饰”，英文解释为“to add something decorative to a person or thing”举个🌰：The bride's hair was adorned with flowers. 新娘的头上戴着花朵。

📍「经济学人」一篇介绍日本选手大坂直美（Naomi Osaka）收获第二个大满贯赛冠军的文章就有这么一句：Congratulatory banners adorned the city hall. 市政厅里挂满了祝贺的横幅。

Charities rely on fundraising to support their missions and it would be easy to argue that any method of receiving donations that doesn't involve flagrant illegalities would be a good thing.

慈善机构依靠筹款来支持他们的使命，可以这么说，只要不涉及公然违法，任何接收捐赠的方法都是可以的。

flagrant /ˈfleɪ.ɡrənt/ 表示“骇人听闻的；公然的；罪恶昭彰的”，英文解释为“(of a bad action, situation, person, etc.) shocking because of being so obvious”如：a flagrant misuse of funds 明目张胆的滥用资金。

illegality /ˌɪl.iːˈɡæl.ə.ti/ 表示“非法，违法；非法行为，违法行为”，英文解释为“the state of being illegal, or an illegal action”

But charitable acts are supposed to be selfless. Aside from praise and admiration, donors aren't supposed to get benefits or money back from the charity in other ways. When donors turn their gifts into vehicles for enriching themselves or their friends, something unethical is happening. The ends don't justify the means and the situation makes you uncomfortable.

但慈善行为本应是无私的。除了赞扬和感谢，捐赠人不应以其他方式从慈善机构得到好处或金钱回报。如果捐赠人把捐赠变成有利自己或朋友的手段，其实是不道德的行为。目的不能作为使用手段的理由，这种情况会让你感到不舒服。

enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ 除了表示“使丰富，使富含；充实”，英文解释为“to improve the quality of something by adding something else”举个🌰：My life was greatly enriched by knowing her. 认识了她，我的生活变得非常充实。

也可以表示“使富有，使富裕”，英文解释为“to make something or someone richer”举个🌰：He claimed that the large stores were enriching themselves at the expense of their customers. 他声称大商店通过盘剥顾客而获利。

justify /ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/ 表示“为…辩护；证明…正当（或有理、正确）；是…的正当理由”，英文解释为“to give or to be a good reason for”举个🌰：I can't really justify taking another day off work. 我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了。

📍词根“just-”表示“公正”，“-ify”表示“使成为”。近义词：defend（辩护），同根词：justice（正义），常用短语：justify oneself（为自己辩护）

You are wise to question this practice, said Allison Daubel, an executive coach in New York City. “The most basic rule of fundraising is that donors must actually give away funds, and in doing so they should not exploit their relationships with fundraisers for personal gain or to benefit anyone else,” she said by email.

纽约城高管培训师阿里森·德贝尔 (Allison Daubel) 认为，明智的做法是质疑这种行为。她通过电子邮件表示：“筹款最基本的原则是，捐赠人必须真实地放弃这笔钱财，他们捐款时不应利用其与筹款人的关系谋取私利或让任何其他人获利。”

exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ 1）表示“利用；剥削（…为自己谋利）”，英文解释为“to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself”举个🌰：He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. 他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。

2）表示“开发，运用；利用；发挥”，英文解释为“to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible”举个🌰：She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. 她在剧中把她那个角色的幽默发挥得淋漓尽致。

🎬电影《惊天魔盗团》（Now You See Me）中的台词提到：What I hate is people who exploit other people. 我只是讨厌那些利用别人的人。

作名词，表示“不寻常的行为；英勇的行为；奇遇”，英文解释为“something unusual, brave, or funny that someone has done”举个🌰：She was telling me about her exploits while travelling around Africa. 她跟我讲述了她在非洲各地旅游时的奇遇。

Meet with your organisation's board and put into place a policy on how you will accept gifts, making it clear that you won't allow financial conditions, she said. Now you'll have written rules you can reference when donors ask for special favours.

她说，与你所在组织的董事会商讨，落实一套有关如何接受捐赠的政策，明确规定不允许提出财务条件。然后便有了书面规定，如果捐赠人要求特殊利益，你可以参考。

reference /ˈref.ər.əns/ 可作动词，也可作名词，1）表示“提到；谈到；论及”，英文解释为“a mention of something”举个🌰：Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings. 因为我知道发生了什么，所以就避开不谈婚礼的事儿。

2）表示“引文出处；参考书目；参考文献”，英文解释为“a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found”

“By clearly defining the types of gifts you accept, you will feel better about the money you're raising and you'll actually improve your charity's reputation,” Daubel said.

阿里森·德贝尔说：“通过清楚地规定所接受的捐赠类型，在募捐时你会感觉更好，还会切实提升所在慈善机构的声誉”。

This may alienate certain donors. But that's better for the charity in the long run, she said: “In the short run you may need to turn away potential donors, but in the long run you will attract the kinds of gifts that your organisation seeks: those that reflect its (and your) values and morals.”

这可能会疏远某些捐赠人，但从长远来看，却对慈善机构更有利，她说：“短期来看，你可能需要拒绝潜在捐赠人，但从长远来看，这会吸引你所在机构需要的捐赠类型：那些反映捐赠人的（和你的）价值观和道德观的捐赠。”

alienate /ˈeɪljəˌneɪt/ 1）表示“使背离；使不友好；离间”，英文解释为“to make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you”举个🌰：His comments have alienated a lot of young voters. 他的言论使许多年轻选民离他而去。

2）表示“使格格不入；使疏远”，英文解释为“to make someone feel that they are different and not part of a group”(MAKE UNWELCOME)举个🌰：Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families. 家庭争吵会使青少年跟家人产生感情裂痕。

🎬电影《猜情寻》（Chasing Amy）中的台词提到：Or you'll alienate him because of it. 或者你会因为这个而疏远他。

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